Advances in Ergonomics in Design
Proceedings of the AHFE 2019 International Conference on Ergonomics in Design, July 24-28, 2019, Washington D.C., USA
1st Edition
Published on 3. June 2019
XVIII, 825 pages
978-3-030-20227-9 (ISBN)
Description
This book provides readers with a timely snapshot of ergonomics research and methods applied to the design, development and prototyping - as well as the evaluation, training and manufacturing - of products, systems and services. Combining theoretical contributions, case studies, and reports on technical interventions, it covers a wide range of topics in ergonomic design including: ecological design; cultural and ethical aspects in design; Interface design, user involvement and human-computer interaction in design; as well as design for accessibility and many others. The book particularly focuses on new technologies such as virtual reality, state-of-the-art methodologies in information design, and human-computer interfaces. Based on the AHFE 2019 International Conference on Ergonomics in Design, held on July 24-28, 2019, Washington D.C., USA, the book offers a timely guide for both researchers and design practitioners, including industrial designers, human-computer interactionand user experience researchers, production engineers and applied psychologists.
More details
Series
Language
English
Place of publication
Cham
Switzerland
Publishing group
Springer International Publishing
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Product notice
Reflowable
Illustrations
XVIII, 825 p. 439 illus., 337 illus. in color.
File size
99,15 MB
ISBN-13
978-3-030-20227-9 (9783030202279)
DOI
10.1007/978-3-030-20227-9
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
Additional editions
Francisco Rebelo | Marcelo M. Soares
Advances in Ergonomics in Design
Proceedings of the AHFE 2019 International Conference on Ergonomics in Design, July 24-28, 2019, Washington D.C., USA
Book
06/2019
Springer
€213.99
Shipment within 7-9 days
Content
1 - Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics 2019 [Seite 6]
2 - Preface [Seite 8]
3 - Contents [Seite 11]
4 - Design Methods, User Interfaces and Interaction Design [Seite 19]
5 - The Role of Design in Technology Driven Ergonomics Product Development [Seite 20]
5.1 - Abstract [Seite 20]
5.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 20]
5.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 21]
5.4 - 3 Findings [Seite 23]
5.4.1 - 3.1 The Role of Design in Technology Driven New Product Development and Innovation [Seite 23]
5.4.2 - 3.2 Methods and Tools to Support User Involvement at the Front End of Technology Driven NPD [Seite 24]
5.4.3 - 3.3 The Methods and Tools for Innovative Idea Generation from Technology [Seite 25]
5.5 - 4 Results [Seite 25]
5.6 - 5 Discussion [Seite 26]
5.7 - 6 Conclusions and Recommendations [Seite 28]
5.8 - References [Seite 28]
6 - Teenagers Postural Effects Through Videogames Therapeutic Approach [Seite 32]
6.1 - Abstract [Seite 32]
6.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 32]
6.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 34]
6.4 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 35]
6.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 38]
6.6 - References [Seite 38]
7 - Eye-Tracking Examination of the Anthropological Race, Gender and Verbal-Pictorial Relative Positions on Ergonomics of Visual Information Presentation [Seite 40]
7.1 - Abstract [Seite 40]
7.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 40]
7.3 - 2 Method [Seite 41]
7.3.1 - 2.1 Design of the Experiment and Procedure [Seite 41]
7.3.2 - 2.2 Participants [Seite 43]
7.4 - 3 Results [Seite 43]
7.4.1 - 3.1 Preferences - Pairwise Comparisons [Seite 43]
7.4.2 - 3.2 Eye-Tracking Results [Seite 46]
7.5 - 4 Discussion and Conclusion [Seite 49]
7.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 50]
7.7 - References [Seite 50]
8 - How to Read Red: Red in Western Culture (Part II) [Seite 52]
8.1 - Abstract [Seite 52]
8.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 52]
8.3 - 2 Correcting, Punishing, Prohibiting, Protecting [Seite 52]
8.4 - 3 Distinguishing [Seite 53]
8.5 - 4 The Color of Love [Seite 54]
8.6 - 5 Politicizing [Seite 55]
8.7 - 6 On the Boundary: Pink, Orange, Purple [Seite 58]
8.8 - Acknowledgments [Seite 62]
8.9 - References [Seite 62]
9 - Contribution of Visual Ergonomics to a Holistic View of the Symbols Applied in Touristic and Cultural Signage: The Portuguese Case [Seite 65]
9.1 - Abstract [Seite 65]
9.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 65]
9.3 - 2 Traffic Signs [Seite 67]
9.4 - 3 The Portuguese System [Seite 68]
9.5 - 4 Visual Ergonomics [Seite 69]
9.6 - 5 Holistic View of the Applied Symbols [Seite 70]
9.7 - 6 Outcomes [Seite 72]
9.8 - References [Seite 73]
10 - Design, Objects and Memory: A Sustainability-Oriented Project Itinerary [Seite 74]
10.1 - Abstract [Seite 74]
10.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 74]
10.3 - 2 Sustainability, Design and Affectivity [Seite 76]
10.4 - 3 Methodology [Seite 77]
10.5 - 4 Projects' Itinerary and Its Applications [Seite 78]
10.5.1 - 4.1 Results and Discussion About the Application of the Itineraries [Seite 79]
10.5.2 - 4.2 Results and Discussion About the Application of the Questionnaires [Seite 80]
10.6 - 5 Final Remarks [Seite 82]
10.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 83]
10.8 - References [Seite 83]
11 - Effectiveness of Coach Marks or Instructional Overlay in Smartphone Apps Interfaces [Seite 85]
11.1 - Abstract [Seite 85]
11.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 85]
11.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 88]
11.3.1 - 2.1 Study Design [Seite 88]
11.3.2 - 2.2 Sample [Seite 89]
11.3.3 - 2.3 Materials [Seite 89]
11.3.4 - 2.4 Procedures [Seite 90]
11.4 - 3 Results [Seite 91]
11.5 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 92]
11.6 - Acknowledgements [Seite 93]
11.7 - References [Seite 94]
12 - Communication Design as Tool for Social Transformation: A Co-design Project with the Residents of the Rego Neighborhood, in Lisbon [Seite 96]
12.1 - Abstract [Seite 96]
12.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 96]
12.3 - 2 Social Design and Participation [Seite 97]
12.4 - 3 The Rego Neighborhood and the Work of IPAV in the Field [Seite 98]
12.5 - 4 Communication Design in the Passa Sabi Festival Planning Process [Seite 100]
12.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 105]
12.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 106]
12.8 - References [Seite 106]
13 - The Brand Mark Competitors Map as Visual Research Tool. Using Graphic and Symbolic Data in the Brand Visual Identity Project [Seite 108]
13.1 - Abstract [Seite 108]
13.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 109]
13.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 109]
13.4 - 3 The Competitors Map as a Visual Research Tool [Seite 110]
13.5 - 4 A Brand Marks Analysis Sheet for the Competitors Map [Seite 111]
13.6 - 5 Previous Results and Next Steps [Seite 117]
13.7 - References [Seite 118]
14 - Boundary Dimension Design of Graphical Symbols Based on User Preference [Seite 120]
14.1 - Abstract [Seite 120]
14.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 120]
14.3 - 2 Methods [Seite 121]
14.3.1 - 2.1 Materials [Seite 121]
14.3.2 - 2.2 Experimental Design [Seite 122]
14.3.3 - 2.3 Experimental Environment and Equipment [Seite 122]
14.3.4 - 2.4 Subjects [Seite 122]
14.3.5 - 2.5 Experimental Procedure [Seite 123]
14.4 - 3 Result [Seite 123]
14.5 - 4 Discussion and Conclusion [Seite 124]
14.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 125]
14.7 - References [Seite 125]
15 - An Ergonomic Assessment on the Detectability Design of the New Generation Currency (NGC) Coin Series and Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) Coin Series [Seite 127]
15.1 - Abstract [Seite 127]
15.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 127]
15.2.1 - 1.1 Background of the Study [Seite 127]
15.2.2 - 1.2 Problem Statement [Seite 128]
15.2.3 - 1.3 Objectives of the Study [Seite 128]
15.3 - 2 Method [Seite 128]
15.3.1 - 2.1 Timed Detection Test [Seite 129]
15.3.2 - 2.2 Questionnaire on Design Features [Seite 129]
15.4 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 130]
15.4.1 - 3.1 Questionnaire Results [Seite 130]
15.4.2 - 3.2 Analysis of Differences [Seite 131]
15.4.3 - 3.3 Effectiveness Breakdown of Denominations [Seite 134]
15.4.3.1 - 3.3.1 Visual Test [Seite 134]
15.4.3.2 - 3.3.2 Tactile Test [Seite 135]
15.4.3.3 - 3.3.3 Visual & Tactile (V&T) Test [Seite 136]
15.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 137]
15.6 - 5 Recommendation [Seite 137]
15.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 138]
15.8 - References [Seite 138]
16 - Research on Optimization of Information Coding for Car Dashboard Based on Eye Movement Analysis [Seite 139]
16.1 - Abstract [Seite 139]
16.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 139]
16.3 - 2 Method [Seite 140]
16.3.1 - 2.1 Experimental Design [Seite 140]
16.3.2 - 2.2 Experimental Equipment [Seite 140]
16.3.3 - 2.3 Experimental Subjects [Seite 141]
16.3.4 - 2.4 Experimental Materials [Seite 141]
16.3.5 - 2.5 Procedure [Seite 144]
16.3.6 - 2.6 Data Processing [Seite 144]
16.4 - 3 Experiment Analysis [Seite 144]
16.4.1 - 3.1 Influence of Different Types of Dashboard Design on Reading Duration [Seite 144]
16.4.1.1 - 3.1.1 Analysis of Task Duration [Seite 144]
16.4.1.2 - 3.1.2 Difference Analysis of the Total Task Time [Seite 146]
16.4.2 - 3.2 Eye Movement Data Analysis [Seite 148]
16.4.2.1 - 3.2.1 Influence of Dashboard Layout on the Number of Fixation Points [Seite 148]
16.4.2.2 - 3.2.2 The Impact of Different Areas of the Dashboard on Visual Search [Seite 149]
16.5 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 151]
16.6 - Acknowledgements [Seite 151]
16.7 - References [Seite 151]
17 - Brand Identity in Motion. Structural Models of Brand Identity on TV Opening Credits [Seite 153]
17.1 - Abstract [Seite 153]
17.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 153]
17.3 - 2 What Is Branding and How Can the TV Series Benefit from It? [Seite 154]
17.4 - 3 How Can We Think About the Branding of a Television Series? [Seite 156]
17.5 - 4 Why These? [Seite 156]
17.6 - 5 Branding and/in Motion [Seite 156]
17.7 - 6 Brand Identity on TV Opening Credits [Seite 157]
17.8 - 7 Structural Models of TV Main Titles [Seite 158]
17.9 - Acknowledgments [Seite 162]
17.10 - References [Seite 162]
18 - Human Factors Engineering Research on Folding Umbrellas Design [Seite 164]
18.1 - Abstract [Seite 164]
18.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 164]
18.3 - 2 The Development of Folding Umbrellas [Seite 164]
18.3.1 - 2.1 The Development of Umbrellas [Seite 164]
18.3.2 - 2.2 The Appearance of Folding Umbrellas [Seite 165]
18.4 - 3 The Research Direction of Folding Umbrellas [Seite 165]
18.4.1 - 3.1 Development Status of Folding Umbrellas [Seite 165]
18.4.2 - 3.2 Human Factors Problems with Folding Umbrellas [Seite 166]
18.4.3 - 3.3 Design Ideas of Folding Umbrellas [Seite 166]
18.5 - 4 Analysis of Folding Umbrellas [Seite 167]
18.5.1 - 4.1 Analysis of Handle [Seite 167]
18.5.2 - 4.2 Shape of Folding Umbrella cover [Seite 168]
18.5.3 - 4.3 Size of Folding Umbrellas [Seite 169]
18.5.4 - 4.4 Psychological Factor Analysis [Seite 170]
18.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 171]
18.7 - References [Seite 171]
19 - Effects of Screen Brightness on Visual Performance Under Different Environments [Seite 172]
19.1 - Abstract [Seite 172]
19.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 172]
19.3 - 2 Experimental Design [Seite 173]
19.3.1 - 2.1 Subjects and Environment [Seite 173]
19.3.2 - 2.2 Experimental Devices and Instruments [Seite 173]
19.3.3 - 2.3 Experimental Indexes [Seite 174]
19.3.4 - 2.4 Experimental Variables [Seite 175]
19.3.5 - 2.5 Experimental Materials [Seite 175]
19.3.6 - 2.6 Experimental Procedure [Seite 175]
19.4 - 3 Experimental Results and Analysis [Seite 175]
19.4.1 - 3.1 Analysis of Parameters Under Different Ambient Illumination and Screen Brightness [Seite 175]
19.4.2 - 3.2 Analysis of Each Parameter Under Different Brightness and Contrast [Seite 179]
19.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 180]
19.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 180]
19.7 - References [Seite 180]
20 - Study on the Effect of Key-to-Key Distance on Touch-Sensitive Key Operation [Seite 181]
20.1 - Abstract [Seite 181]
20.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 181]
20.3 - 2 Method [Seite 183]
20.3.1 - 2.1 Subjects [Seite 183]
20.3.2 - 2.2 Task Design [Seite 183]
20.3.3 - 2.3 Statistical Method [Seite 185]
20.4 - 3 Result [Seite 185]
20.4.1 - 3.1 Rounded Corner Touch-Sensitive Keys [Seite 185]
20.4.2 - 3.2 Round Touch-Sensitive Keys [Seite 188]
20.5 - 4 Discussion [Seite 191]
20.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 192]
20.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 192]
20.8 - References [Seite 192]
21 - Research on Standardization of Public Information Guidance Systems for Railway Stations [Seite 194]
21.1 - Abstract [Seite 194]
21.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 194]
21.3 - 2 Survey Plan [Seite 195]
21.3.1 - 2.1 Standardization of Information Elements [Seite 195]
21.3.2 - 2.2 Standardization of Guidance Elements [Seite 195]
21.3.3 - 2.3 Standardization Setting of Guidance Systems [Seite 196]
21.4 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 196]
21.4.1 - 3.1 Non-standardized Use of Information Element [Seite 196]
21.4.2 - 3.2 Non-standardized Design of Guidance Element [Seite 197]
21.4.3 - 3.3 Poor Systematized Setting of Guidance Elements [Seite 198]
21.4.4 - 3.4 Disconnection Between Guidance System Planning and Architectural Design [Seite 201]
21.5 - 4 Optimize Design [Seite 202]
21.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 203]
21.6.1 - 5.1 Improve Top-Level Design [Seite 203]
21.6.2 - 5.2 Strengthening the Promotion and Implementation of National Standards [Seite 204]
21.6.3 - 5.3 Carry Out Standardization Pilot Work [Seite 204]
21.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 204]
21.8 - References [Seite 204]
22 - Methodology of Analysis of Brand Visual Identity of Food Products: Comprehension and Valuation of Graphic Signs [Seite 205]
22.1 - Abstract [Seite 205]
22.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 205]
22.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 207]
22.3.1 - 2.1 Semantics, Syntactic and Pragmatics in the Analysis and Design Process [Seite 208]
22.3.2 - 2.2 Graphic Elements of Visual Identity of Olive Oil and Cheese' Brand [Seite 209]
22.4 - 3 From Non-interventional Research and to Active Interventional Research [Seite 211]
22.4.1 - 3.1 Study 1 [Seite 213]
22.4.2 - 3.2 Study 2 [Seite 216]
22.5 - 4 Discussion of the Results and the Conclusions [Seite 217]
22.6 - References [Seite 219]
23 - Design and User Involvement [Seite 221]
24 - Evaluation of the Concept of a Smart City Gamification from a User Centered Design Perspective [Seite 222]
24.1 - Abstract [Seite 222]
24.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 222]
24.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 224]
24.3.1 - 2.1 Sample [Seite 224]
24.3.2 - 2.2 Methodology [Seite 224]
24.3.3 - 2.3 Procedures [Seite 229]
24.4 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 229]
24.5 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 233]
24.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 233]
24.7 - References [Seite 233]
25 - Natural Human-Computer Interfaces' Paradigm and Cognitive Ergonomics [Seite 235]
25.1 - Abstract [Seite 235]
25.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 235]
25.3 - 2 Cognitive Ergonomics: A Reading [Seite 236]
25.3.1 - 2.1 Participatory Design: A Contextual Approach [Seite 236]
25.3.2 - 2.2 User-Centred Design: The Third Paradigm [Seite 237]
25.3.3 - 2.3 Contextual Design [Seite 238]
25.4 - 3 Natural Human-Computer Interfaces: The Fourth Paradigm [Seite 238]
25.4.1 - 3.1 Natural Human-Centred System Design [Seite 239]
25.4.2 - 3.2 Classifying the Natural Nature of Sensory Modalities [Seite 240]
25.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 240]
25.6 - References [Seite 241]
26 - Grains of Memory: User Experience in the SandBox Interactive Installation [Seite 243]
26.1 - Abstract [Seite 243]
26.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 243]
26.3 - 2 The Theoretical Context [Seite 244]
26.4 - 3 Related Work [Seite 245]
26.5 - 4 Research Methods [Seite 246]
26.5.1 - 4.1 Participants [Seite 247]
26.6 - 5 The Interactive Installation [Seite 247]
26.6.1 - 5.1 SandBox Technical Rider [Seite 248]
26.6.2 - 5.2 SandBox Interaction Experience [Seite 249]
26.7 - 6 Results and Discussion [Seite 249]
26.8 - 7 Conclusions [Seite 254]
26.9 - Acknowledgments [Seite 254]
26.10 - References [Seite 255]
27 - Measure of the Lived and Functional Effects of Gamification: An Experimental Study in a Professional Context [Seite 257]
27.1 - Abstract [Seite 257]
27.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 257]
27.3 - 2 User Experience and Gamification [Seite 258]
27.4 - 3 Problem and Method [Seite 259]
27.4.1 - 3.1 Problematic [Seite 259]
27.4.2 - 3.2 Methodology [Seite 260]
27.5 - 4 Results [Seite 262]
27.5.1 - 4.1 Results: Impacts on the Lived Experience [Seite 262]
27.5.2 - 4.2 Results: Impacts on Functional Experience (Experiment) [Seite 263]
27.6 - 5 Discussion and Conclusion [Seite 266]
27.7 - References [Seite 267]
28 - Comparative Analysis of Body Measurement and Morphology Between Subjects with Different Body Mass Index [Seite 269]
28.1 - Abstract [Seite 269]
28.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 269]
28.3 - 2 Method [Seite 270]
28.3.1 - 2.1 Sample Selection [Seite 270]
28.3.2 - 2.2 Data Acquisition [Seite 271]
28.4 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 272]
28.5 - 4 Considerations [Seite 276]
28.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 276]
28.7 - References [Seite 276]
29 - A New Tool for Cognitive Workload Assessment in System Design Prototypes [Seite 278]
29.1 - Abstract [Seite 278]
29.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 278]
29.3 - 2 Equipment/Hardware [Seite 279]
29.3.1 - 2.1 OpenBCI EEG Setup [Seite 279]
29.3.2 - 2.2 Pupil Eye-Tracker [Seite 280]
29.3.3 - 2.3 EEG-Stimuli Sync Device [Seite 280]
29.4 - 3 Equipment/Hardware [Seite 281]
29.4.1 - 3.1 Graphical User Interfaces [Seite 281]
29.4.2 - 3.2 Lab Streaming Layer [Seite 281]
29.5 - 4 Tasks and Stimuli [Seite 282]
29.5.1 - 4.1 Psychomotor Vigilance Task [Seite 282]
29.5.2 - 4.2 N-Back [Seite 282]
29.6 - 5 Data Acquisition [Seite 283]
29.7 - 6 Signal Processing [Seite 284]
29.7.1 - 6.1 Pre-processing [Seite 284]
29.7.2 - 6.2 Metrics [Seite 287]
29.8 - 7 Conclusions [Seite 288]
29.9 - Acknowledgments [Seite 288]
29.10 - References [Seite 288]
30 - Research on Human-Computer Interaction Design of Bed Rehabilitation Equipment for the Elderly [Seite 290]
30.1 - Abstract [Seite 290]
30.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 290]
30.3 - 2 Research and Development of Human-Computer Interaction [Seite 291]
30.3.1 - 2.1 Research on Human-Computer Interaction [Seite 291]
30.3.2 - 2.2 Ergonomic Framework in Product Design [Seite 291]
30.4 - 3 Users: The Main Factors Affecting the Use of Rehabilitation Equipment for the Elderly [Seite 292]
30.4.1 - 3.1 Psychological Factors [Seite 292]
30.4.2 - 3.2 Physiological Factors [Seite 293]
30.4.3 - 3.3 Social Factors [Seite 293]
30.5 - 4 Tools: Home Rehabilitation Equipment Status and Ergonomics Related Analysis [Seite 293]
30.5.1 - 4.1 Psychological Factors [Seite 293]
30.5.2 - 4.2 Ergonomics Related Size Analysis [Seite 294]
30.5.3 - 4.3 Length of Rehabilitation Equipment on the Bed [Seite 294]
30.5.4 - 4.4 Rehabilitation Equipment Handle Stretch Length [Seite 295]
30.5.5 - 4.5 Foot and Pull Ring Size on Rehabilitation Equipment [Seite 295]
30.5.6 - 4.6 Foot and Pull Ring Size on Rehabilitation Equipment [Seite 296]
30.6 - 5 Task: Self-recovery Feedback Design for the Elderly in Bed [Seite 296]
30.7 - 6 Design Practice [Seite 297]
30.7.1 - 6.1 Design Positioning [Seite 297]
30.7.2 - 6.2 Design Plan [Seite 297]
30.7.3 - 6.3 APP Design [Seite 298]
30.7.3.1 - 6.3.1 LOGO Design [Seite 298]
30.7.3.2 - 6.3.2 Interface Design [Seite 298]
30.8 - 7 Conclusions [Seite 299]
30.9 - Acknowledgments [Seite 300]
30.10 - References [Seite 300]
31 - Visual Storytelling - Creative Strategy of Visual Clues Promoted by Archetypal Images [Seite 302]
31.1 - Abstract [Seite 302]
31.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 302]
31.3 - 2 Problem [Seite 303]
31.4 - 3 Hypothesis [Seite 304]
31.5 - 4 Objectives [Seite 304]
31.6 - 5 Strategy [Seite 304]
31.7 - 6 Results [Seite 308]
31.8 - 7 Conclusion [Seite 309]
31.9 - Acknowledgments [Seite 310]
31.10 - References [Seite 310]
32 - Review of the Research on Car Seating Comfort [Seite 311]
32.1 - Abstract [Seite 311]
32.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 311]
32.3 - 2 Theories [Seite 312]
32.4 - 3 Influencing Factors of Car Seating Comfort [Seite 314]
32.5 - 4 Evaluation Methods [Seite 314]
32.5.1 - 4.1 Subjective Evaluation [Seite 314]
32.5.2 - 4.2 Objective Behavior Evaluation [Seite 315]
32.5.3 - 4.3 Physiological Parameter Evaluation [Seite 317]
32.6 - 5 Conclusions [Seite 318]
32.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 318]
32.8 - References [Seite 319]
33 - Ergonomics Assessment Criteria as a Way to Improve the Quality and Safety of People's Transport in Underground Coal Mines [Seite 320]
33.1 - Abstract [Seite 320]
33.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 320]
33.3 - 2 Evaluation of Suspended Monorails Currently Used and Proposed Solutions in Terms of Compliance with Ergonomics Requirements [Seite 322]
33.3.1 - 2.1 Survey with the Operators of Suspended Monorails - Results [Seite 322]
33.3.2 - 2.2 Survey with the Passengers of Suspended Monorails - Results [Seite 324]
33.3.3 - 2.3 Computer Aided Ergonomic Evaluation of the Passengers Transport Cab Used in Mining Suspended Monorails [Seite 326]
33.4 - 3 Virtual Prototyping of the Operator's Cabin as an Anthropotechnical System [Seite 328]
33.4.1 - 3.1 Development of MBS Computational Model [Seite 328]
33.4.2 - 3.2 Assessment of the Suspension System of the Operator's Cabin Using MBS and FEM Calculations [Seite 329]
33.5 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 331]
33.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 331]
33.7 - References [Seite 331]
34 - Development of an Ergonomically Designed Backpacks for Junior High School Students [Seite 333]
34.1 - Abstract [Seite 333]
34.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 334]
34.3 - 2 Conceptual Model [Seite 334]
34.4 - 3 Methodology [Seite 335]
34.5 - 4 Results and Discussion [Seite 335]
34.6 - 5 Recommendation [Seite 337]
34.7 - 6 Conclusion [Seite 339]
34.8 - References [Seite 339]
35 - A Study on the Correlation of Head and Face Data of Chinese Adults [Seite 340]
35.1 - Abstract [Seite 340]
35.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 340]
35.3 - 2 Research Background [Seite 341]
35.4 - 3 Sampling Methods [Seite 341]
35.4.1 - 3.1 Age Distribution [Seite 341]
35.4.2 - 3.2 Geographical Distribution [Seite 342]
35.4.3 - 3.3 Occupational Distribution [Seite 342]
35.5 - 4 Measurement Methods [Seite 342]
35.5.1 - 4.1 Definitions of Measurement Items [Seite 342]
35.5.2 - 4.2 Measurement Equipments [Seite 343]
35.6 - 5 Data Analysis [Seite 343]
35.6.1 - 5.1 Inter-project Correlation Analysis [Seite 343]
35.6.2 - 5.2 Analysis of Influencing Factors on Head and Face [Seite 345]
35.6.3 - 5.3 Linear Regression Equation [Seite 347]
35.7 - 6 Conclusions [Seite 347]
35.8 - Acknowledgments [Seite 348]
35.9 - References [Seite 348]
36 - Directions Towards Sustainability Through Higher Education [Seite 349]
36.1 - Abstract [Seite 349]
36.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 349]
36.3 - 2 Impediments to Achieving Sustainability [Seite 350]
36.3.1 - 2.1 A Challenging Concept [Seite 350]
36.3.2 - 2.2 Restrictions of Technological Solutions [Seite 350]
36.3.3 - 2.3 Restrictions of a Consumer Based Approach [Seite 351]
36.3.4 - 2.4 Restrictions to Reliability of Information for Decision-Making [Seite 351]
36.3.5 - 2.5 Cognitive Processes [Seite 352]
36.4 - 3 Higher Education: A Resource for Sustainability [Seite 353]
36.5 - 4 The Tasks for Higher Education [Seite 354]
36.5.1 - 4.1 Promoting Diversity [Seite 354]
36.5.2 - 4.2 Understanding the Concept of Sustainability [Seite 354]
36.5.3 - 4.3 Redesigning Courses [Seite 354]
36.6 - 5 Concepts for Curriculum Design [Seite 355]
36.6.1 - 5.1 Social Cognitive Theory [Seite 355]
36.6.2 - 5.2 Boyer Model of Scholarship [Seite 356]
36.6.3 - 5.3 Global Perspective [Seite 356]
36.6.4 - 5.4 Sustainability Science [Seite 357]
36.7 - 6 Conclusion [Seite 358]
36.8 - References [Seite 359]
37 - Information, Design and Visualization [Seite 362]
38 - Water Museums and Digital Media: Two Case Studies on Digital Media in Water Museums [Seite 363]
38.1 - Abstract [Seite 363]
38.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 363]
38.3 - 2 Museum's Today [Seite 364]
38.4 - 3 Experience, Emotion and Digital Media [Seite 365]
38.5 - 4 Water Museums [Seite 366]
38.5.1 - 4.1 WAMU-NET: The Global Water Museum Network [Seite 367]
38.5.2 - 4.2 Two Case Studies [Seite 367]
38.6 - 5 Discussion [Seite 370]
38.7 - 6 Final Considerations [Seite 371]
38.8 - Acknowledgments [Seite 371]
38.9 - References [Seite 371]
39 - A Human-Computer Interaction Framework for Interface Analysis and Design [Seite 373]
39.1 - Abstract [Seite 373]
39.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 373]
39.3 - 2 Classification: A Requirement [Seite 374]
39.4 - 3 Classical HCI Models: The Human Dominance Paradigm [Seite 374]
39.5 - 4 Towards a Neutral Positioning HCI Model [Seite 377]
39.5.1 - 4.1 Simple and Complex HCIs [Seite 379]
39.5.2 - 4.2 Complex HCI versus Sequence of Autonomous HCIs [Seite 380]
39.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 382]
39.7 - References [Seite 382]
40 - Collaboration: Critical Roles of Academia-Business Partnerships and Challenges the Workforce Must Face [Seite 384]
40.1 - Abstract [Seite 384]
40.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 384]
40.3 - 2 Understanding Collaboration [Seite 385]
40.4 - 3 The Roles of Education and Industry in Globally Competitive Economic Societies [Seite 387]
40.4.1 - 3.1 Challenges Faced by the Workforce [Seite 387]
40.4.1.1 - 3.1.1 Adaptation to the Work Environment [Seite 387]
40.4.1.2 - 3.1.2 Getting the Right Skills [Seite 388]
40.4.1.3 - 3.1.3 How and When Are the Required Skills Acquired [Seite 389]
40.5 - 4 Paths and Levels of Business-University Collaboration [Seite 390]
40.5.1 - 4.1 Promoting and Stimulating Industry-University Collaboration [Seite 392]
40.5.2 - 4.2 Successful Industry-University Collaboration Examples [Seite 393]
40.5.3 - 4.3 Other Collaboration Perspectives [Seite 394]
40.6 - 5 Conclusion and Proposed Practices [Seite 395]
40.7 - References [Seite 396]
41 - The 'Place' that Shows the Title of a TV Series: What to Name It and How It Has Evolved [Seite 397]
41.1 - Abstract [Seite 397]
41.2 - 1 The 'Place' that Shows the Title: What to Name It [Seite 397]
41.3 - 2 The 'Place' that Shows the Title: How It Has Evolved [Seite 400]
41.4 - 3 Final Remarks [Seite 405]
41.5 - Acknowledgments [Seite 405]
41.6 - References [Seite 406]
42 - Communication Design and Medical Procedures: Inform Citizens to Act in Emergency Situations [Seite 408]
42.1 - Abstract [Seite 408]
42.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 408]
42.3 - 2 Design Project: Development of Communication Media to Inform Citizens to Act in Emergencies [Seite 409]
42.3.1 - 2.1 Definition of Requirements [Seite 409]
42.3.2 - 2.2 Definition of Materials [Seite 410]
42.3.3 - 2.3 Design and Prototyping [Seite 410]
42.3.4 - 2.4 Evaluation [Seite 415]
42.4 - 3 Conclusion [Seite 416]
42.5 - Acknowledgments [Seite 417]
42.6 - References [Seite 417]
43 - Color and Interaction in Journalistic Infographics: The Case of Online Portuguese Media [Seite 418]
43.1 - Abstract [Seite 418]
43.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 418]
43.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 419]
43.4 - 3 Case Study [Seite 420]
43.5 - 4 Critical Assessment of Results [Seite 424]
43.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 425]
43.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 426]
43.8 - References [Seite 426]
44 - Information Design in Presentation, Interpretation and Dissemination of Natural and Cultural Heritage [Seite 427]
44.1 - Abstract [Seite 427]
44.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 427]
44.3 - 2 Heritage Presentation, Interpretation and Promotion [Seite 428]
44.4 - 3 Information Design in Heritage Information Developing [Seite 431]
44.4.1 - 3.1 Examples of Information Design in Interpretation, Presentation and Dissemination of Heritage [Seite 432]
44.5 - 4 Results [Seite 434]
44.6 - 5 Final Remarks [Seite 435]
44.7 - References [Seite 435]
45 - Virtual Reality [Seite 438]
46 - Evaluation of Behavioral Compliance with Safety Warnings at Different Levels of Cognitive Load in Warehouses [Seite 439]
46.1 - Abstract [Seite 439]
46.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 439]
46.3 - 2 Method [Seite 440]
46.3.1 - 2.1 Participants [Seite 440]
46.3.2 - 2.2 Apparatus [Seite 441]
46.3.3 - 2.3 Virtual Environment [Seite 441]
46.3.4 - 2.4 The Warnings [Seite 441]
46.3.5 - 2.5 Procedure [Seite 441]
46.4 - 3 Results [Seite 444]
46.5 - 4 Discussion and Conclusions [Seite 446]
46.6 - Acknowledgements [Seite 446]
46.7 - References [Seite 446]
47 - Locomotion-in-Place and Teleport: Which Is the Best Technique to Be Used in Human Behavior Research Using Virtual Reality? [Seite 448]
47.1 - Abstract [Seite 448]
47.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 448]
47.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 449]
47.3.1 - 2.1 Experiment [Seite 450]
47.3.2 - 2.2 Virtual Environment [Seite 451]
47.3.3 - 2.3 Experiment Design [Seite 452]
47.3.4 - 2.4 Procedures [Seite 452]
47.3.5 - 2.5 Questionnaires [Seite 453]
47.4 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 453]
47.4.1 - 3.1 Cognitive Maps [Seite 453]
47.4.2 - 3.2 Collisions [Seite 455]
47.4.3 - 3.3 Survey Results on Presence and Usability [Seite 455]
47.5 - 4 Conclusions and Future Work [Seite 456]
47.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 457]
47.7 - References [Seite 457]
48 - Openness Feeling on Height Direction in High Ceiling Room and Bending Pattern of Leading Passage [Seite 458]
48.1 - Abstract [Seite 458]
48.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 458]
48.3 - 2 Methods [Seite 459]
48.3.1 - 2.1 Experimental Condition [Seite 459]
48.3.2 - 2.2 Experimental Procedure [Seite 460]
48.4 - 3 Results [Seite 461]
48.5 - 4 Discussion [Seite 462]
48.6 - 5 Conclusions [Seite 462]
48.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 462]
48.8 - References [Seite 463]
49 - Exploratory Study to Investigate the Influence of a Third Person on an Individual Emergency Wayfinding Decision [Seite 464]
49.1 - Abstract [Seite 464]
49.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 464]
49.3 - 2 Method [Seite 466]
49.3.1 - 2.1 Study Design [Seite 466]
49.3.2 - 2.2 Participants [Seite 467]
49.3.3 - 2.3 Experimental Settings [Seite 467]
49.3.4 - 2.4 Virtual Environment (VE) [Seite 468]
49.3.5 - 2.5 Experimental Task [Seite 469]
49.3.6 - 2.6 Procedure [Seite 469]
49.4 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 470]
49.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 472]
49.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 473]
49.7 - References [Seite 473]
50 - How Deep Is a Virtual Reality Experience? Virtual Environments, Emotions and Physiological Measures [Seite 474]
50.1 - Abstract [Seite 474]
50.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 474]
50.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 475]
50.3.1 - 2.1 Sample [Seite 475]
50.3.2 - 2.2 Immersive Virtual Environments [Seite 476]
50.3.3 - 2.3 Measures and Analysis [Seite 477]
50.3.4 - 2.4 Objectives [Seite 478]
50.3.5 - 2.5 Procedures [Seite 478]
50.3.6 - 2.6 Evaluation Questionnaire [Seite 479]
50.3.7 - 2.7 Hardware [Seite 479]
50.4 - 3 Results [Seite 479]
50.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 481]
50.6 - References [Seite 482]
51 - Emotion Through Narrative: Validation for User Engagement in Game Context [Seite 484]
51.1 - Abstract [Seite 484]
51.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 484]
51.2.1 - 1.1 Goals [Seite 485]
51.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 486]
51.3.1 - 2.1 Participants [Seite 486]
51.3.2 - 2.2 The Visual Narrative [Seite 486]
51.3.3 - 2.3 Measures [Seite 489]
51.3.4 - 2.4 Procedures [Seite 489]
51.3.5 - 2.5 Results and Discussion [Seite 489]
51.4 - 3 Conclusion [Seite 493]
51.5 - Acknowledgements [Seite 493]
51.6 - References [Seite 493]
52 - Product and System Design [Seite 495]
53 - The Importance of Ergonomics in the Development of Sustainable Materials Applied to Footwear Design [Seite 496]
53.1 - Abstract [Seite 496]
53.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 496]
53.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 497]
53.3.1 - 2.1 Focus Group Analysis [Seite 498]
53.3.2 - 2.2 Design-Development of the Project [Seite 500]
53.3.3 - 2.3 Dynamics of Applied Methodology [Seite 500]
53.4 - 3 Conclusions [Seite 503]
53.5 - References [Seite 503]
54 - Effect of Body Weight of Wheelchair Care Recipient on Physical Activity Intensity of Assistant Person [Seite 505]
54.1 - Abstract [Seite 505]
54.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 505]
54.3 - 2 Purpose [Seite 506]
54.4 - 3 Method [Seite 506]
54.4.1 - 3.1 Measurement Equipment and Scale of Activity Amount [Seite 506]
54.4.2 - 3.2 Measurement Procedure [Seite 508]
54.4.3 - 3.3 Experimental Conditions [Seite 508]
54.5 - 4 Acquired Data [Seite 508]
54.6 - 5 Discussion [Seite 509]
54.6.1 - 5.1 Comparison of METs Values According to the Exhaled Breath Analyzer and Activity Meter [Seite 509]
54.6.2 - 5.2 Fluctuation of Mets Value Calculated from the Exhaled Breath Analyzer [Seite 511]
54.7 - 6 Conclusion and Future Prospects [Seite 511]
54.8 - References [Seite 512]
55 - Research on Body Pressure Distribution of Mattress for Different Genders [Seite 513]
55.1 - Abstract [Seite 513]
55.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 513]
55.3 - 2 Experiment [Seite 514]
55.3.1 - 2.1 Subjects [Seite 514]
55.3.2 - 2.2 Experimental Equipment [Seite 515]
55.3.3 - 2.3 Procedures [Seite 516]
55.3.4 - 2.4 Data Analysis [Seite 517]
55.4 - 3 Results [Seite 518]
55.4.1 - 3.1 Mean Pressure [Seite 518]
55.4.2 - 3.2 Mean Peak Pressure [Seite 520]
55.4.3 - 3.3 Mean Contact Area [Seite 521]
55.4.4 - 3.4 Subjective Score [Seite 522]
55.5 - 4 Discussion and Conclusion [Seite 523]
55.6 - Acknowledgements [Seite 523]
55.7 - References [Seite 524]
56 - Universal Design for Enhancing Accessibility of the Visually Impaired in Touristic Environments [Seite 525]
56.1 - Abstract [Seite 525]
56.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 525]
56.3 - 2 Methods [Seite 526]
56.3.1 - 2.1 Subjects [Seite 529]
56.3.2 - 2.2 Experimental Design [Seite 529]
56.4 - 3 Results [Seite 531]
56.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 532]
56.6 - References [Seite 532]
57 - Toothbrush Innovation Design Based on Man-Machine Engineering Research [Seite 533]
57.1 - Abstract [Seite 533]
57.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 533]
57.3 - 2 Ergonomics Analysis [Seite 534]
57.3.1 - 2.1 Human-Machine Configuration Analysis [Seite 534]
57.3.2 - 2.2 Man Machine Material Analysis [Seite 535]
57.3.3 - 2.3 Man-Machine Operation Analysis [Seite 535]
57.4 - 3 Innovative Design Based on Ergonomic Analysis [Seite 536]
57.4.1 - 3.1 Design Thinking [Seite 536]
57.4.2 - 3.2 Innovative Design Based on Ergonomic Analysis [Seite 536]
57.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 540]
57.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 541]
57.7 - References [Seite 541]
58 - Study on the Influence of BMI Difference on Pressure Distribution of Mattress [Seite 542]
58.1 - Abstract [Seite 542]
58.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 542]
58.3 - 2 Method [Seite 543]
58.3.1 - 2.1 Experimental Design [Seite 543]
58.3.2 - 2.2 Subject [Seite 543]
58.3.3 - 2.3 Apparatus [Seite 544]
58.3.4 - 2.4 Task and Procedure [Seite 545]
58.3.5 - 2.5 Data Analysis [Seite 545]
58.4 - 3 Results [Seite 546]
58.4.1 - 3.1 Differences [Seite 546]
58.4.2 - 3.2 Correlation [Seite 546]
58.4.3 - 3.3 Change Trend [Seite 547]
58.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 548]
58.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 548]
58.7 - References [Seite 548]
59 - A JACK-Based Ergonomic Analysis and Design of the Cockpit of Agricultural Material Handling Vehicle [Seite 549]
59.1 - Abstract [Seite 549]
59.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 549]
59.3 - 2 An Ergonomic Analysis and Optimization Method of the Cockpit of Material Handling Vehicle [Seite 550]
59.4 - 3 Ergonomic Simulation of Cockpit of Material Handling Vehicle [Seite 551]
59.4.1 - 3.1 Establishment of Cockpit Simulation Model [Seite 551]
59.4.2 - 3.2 Establishment of Driver Human Model [Seite 552]
59.4.3 - 3.3 Driving Posture Arrangement [Seite 553]
59.4.4 - 3.4 Ergonomic Simulation and Analysis of Cockpit of Material Handling Vehicle [Seite 554]
59.5 - 4 Optimal Cockpit Design [Seite 558]
59.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 560]
59.7 - Acknowledgements [Seite 561]
59.8 - References [Seite 561]
60 - Research on Comfort of Mattresses with Different Hardness Based on Body Pressure Distribution [Seite 562]
60.1 - Abstract [Seite 562]
60.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 562]
60.3 - 2 Method [Seite 563]
60.3.1 - 2.1 Experimental Design [Seite 563]
60.3.2 - 2.2 Subject [Seite 563]
60.3.3 - 2.3 Apparatus [Seite 564]
60.3.4 - 2.4 Task and Procedure [Seite 565]
60.3.5 - 2.5 Data Analysis [Seite 565]
60.4 - 3 Results [Seite 567]
60.4.1 - 3.1 Hardness Rating [Seite 567]
60.4.2 - 3.2 Pressure [Seite 568]
60.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 570]
60.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 570]
60.7 - References [Seite 571]
61 - Cultural Aspects in Design and City Planning [Seite 572]
62 - Built Environment Preservation: A Process of Ergonomic Design [Seite 573]
62.1 - Abstract [Seite 573]
62.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 573]
62.3 - 2 Fire Outbreaks in Portugal: A Brief Timeline [Seite 574]
62.4 - 3 The Fire at Oleiros in 2017 [Seite 575]
62.5 - 4 Methodological Steps [Seite 576]
62.6 - 5 Villages, Houses, Typologies and Materials [Seite 578]
62.7 - 6 Results and Conclusion [Seite 579]
62.8 - References [Seite 580]
63 - Lighting Design at Workplaces: What Should Be the Concerns for an Architect? [Seite 581]
63.1 - Abstract [Seite 581]
63.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 581]
63.3 - 2 Literature Review [Seite 582]
63.3.1 - 2.1 Biophilia [Seite 582]
63.3.2 - 2.2 Non-visual System [Seite 582]
63.3.3 - 2.3 Natural Versus Artificial Light [Seite 583]
63.3.4 - 2.4 Illuminance [Seite 583]
63.3.5 - 2.5 Workplace [Seite 584]
63.3.6 - 2.6 Lisbon [Seite 584]
63.4 - 3 Case Studies [Seite 584]
63.4.1 - 3.1 Camilo Castelo Branco Street, 4th Floor, Lisbon [Seite 584]
63.4.2 - 3.2 24th July Avenue, 3rd Floor, East and West Buildings, Lisbon [Seite 587]
63.5 - 4 Comparison Between the Case Studies [Seite 590]
63.6 - 5 Conclusions [Seite 591]
63.7 - 6 Discussion [Seite 591]
63.8 - References [Seite 592]
64 - Design for the Model of Shared Office Space Based on the Logic of Behavior: A Case Study of Chinese Users [Seite 594]
64.1 - Abstract [Seite 594]
64.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 594]
64.3 - 2 Analysis of User Behaviors [Seite 595]
64.3.1 - 2.1 Research on User Type [Seite 595]
64.3.2 - 2.2 Chinese User Behavior Orientation [Seite 596]
64.3.3 - 2.3 User Motivation [Seite 596]
64.3.4 - 2.4 Task Flow Determination [Seite 597]
64.4 - 3 Shared Office Space Design Model [Seite 599]
64.4.1 - 3.1 Environmental Psychology and Scene Theory [Seite 599]
64.4.2 - 3.2 Shared Office Space Design Model [Seite 600]
64.5 - 4 Shared Office Space Facility Layout [Seite 601]
64.5.1 - 4.1 Space Equipment Determination and Optimization Design [Seite 601]
64.5.2 - 4.2 Equipment Space Layout Planning [Seite 601]
64.6 - 5 Jack Evaluation [Seite 603]
64.6.1 - 5.1 Establishment of Virtual Person and Device Model [Seite 603]
64.6.2 - 5.2 Simulation and Comprehensive Evaluation [Seite 606]
64.7 - 6 Conclusion [Seite 606]
64.8 - References [Seite 606]
65 - The Italic Style: Understanding the Shape Through History [Seite 607]
65.1 - Abstract [Seite 607]
65.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 607]
65.3 - 2 Historical Writing Systems and Styles [Seite 608]
65.4 - 3 The Italic Style, Understanding the Shape Through History [Seite 609]
65.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 616]
65.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 617]
65.7 - References [Seite 617]
66 - Graphic Design and Cinema: Portuguese Movie Posters from the Nouvelle Vague Period [Seite 619]
66.1 - Abstract [Seite 619]
66.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 619]
66.3 - 2 Nouvelle Vague Cinema [Seite 620]
66.3.1 - 2.1 Portuguese Nouvelle Vague Cinema [Seite 620]
66.4 - 3 The Poster: Paths and Technologies [Seite 621]
66.4.1 - 3.1 The Poster in Portugal [Seite 621]
66.4.2 - 3.2 The Movie Poster [Seite 622]
66.4.3 - 3.3 The Nouvelle Vague Movie Poster [Seite 624]
66.4.4 - 3.4 The Portuguese Nouvelle Vague Poster [Seite 624]
66.4.5 - 3.4 The Portuguese Nouvelle Vague Poster [Seite 624]
66.5 - 4 The New Cinema Poster in Portugal: Analysis and Characteristics [Seite 625]
66.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 629]
66.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 630]
66.8 - References [Seite 630]
67 - At Hand, the Brain of Men [Seite 631]
67.1 - Abstract [Seite 631]
67.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 631]
67.3 - 2 The Hand, from Yesterday [Seite 632]
67.4 - 3 The Brain of Today [Seite 634]
67.5 - 4 The Man, Tomorrow [Seite 635]
67.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 636]
67.7 - References [Seite 636]
68 - Exploring Design Requirements of Outdoor Fitness Equipment for Young People [Seite 638]
68.1 - Abstract [Seite 638]
68.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 638]
68.3 - 2 Outdoor Physical Activity and Outdoor Fitness Equipment [Seite 639]
68.4 - 3 Methodology [Seite 640]
68.5 - 4 Results [Seite 641]
68.5.1 - 4.1 Activity Levels of Participants [Seite 642]
68.5.2 - 4.2 Young People's Needs Regarding Outdoor Physical Activity [Seite 642]
68.5.2.1 - 4.2.1 Personal Needs [Seite 642]
68.5.2.2 - 4.2.2 Social Setting Needs [Seite 643]
68.5.2.3 - 4.2.3 Practical Needs [Seite 644]
68.6 - 5 Discussion [Seite 645]
68.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 647]
68.8 - References [Seite 647]
69 - Design Ergonomics for Human Beings and Wild Animals in Densely Populated Cities: A Design Case in Hong Kong Country Parks [Seite 650]
69.1 - Abstract [Seite 650]
69.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 650]
69.3 - 2 Method [Seite 651]
69.3.1 - 2.1 Field Visits [Seite 651]
69.3.2 - 2.2 Interviews [Seite 652]
69.4 - 3 Findings [Seite 653]
69.4.1 - 3.1 Current Issues [Seite 653]
69.4.2 - 3.2 Interviews [Seite 653]
69.4.3 - 3.3 Proposed Design Solution [Seite 655]
69.5 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 656]
69.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 656]
69.7 - References [Seite 656]
70 - Research on Guiding Sign Ergonomic Setting Based on Visual Sensitivity in Long and Narrow Passageway [Seite 658]
70.1 - Abstract [Seite 658]
70.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 658]
70.3 - 2 Experiment [Seite 659]
70.3.1 - 2.1 Experimental Material [Seite 659]
70.3.2 - 2.2 Experimental Environment [Seite 660]
70.3.3 - 2.3 Participants [Seite 660]
70.3.4 - 2.4 Procedures [Seite 661]
70.3.5 - 2.5 Data Analysis [Seite 662]
70.4 - 3 Results [Seite 662]
70.4.1 - 3.1 The Result of the Impact of Height on Angle Value [Seite 662]
70.4.2 - 3.2 The Result of the Impact of Distance on Angle Value [Seite 663]
70.4.3 - 3.3 The Suitable View Angle of the Guiding Sign [Seite 663]
70.5 - 4 Discussion and Conclusion [Seite 664]
70.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 665]
70.7 - References [Seite 665]
71 - The Application of Ergonomics of the Built Environment in Architectural Projects as a Benefit for the Hearing Impaired [Seite 666]
71.1 - Abstract [Seite 666]
71.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 666]
71.3 - 2 Universal Design and Accessibility [Seite 667]
71.4 - 3 Assessment Methods in Design of the Built Environment [Seite 669]
71.5 - 4 A Deaf Space Methodology [Seite 670]
71.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 671]
71.7 - References [Seite 671]
72 - Design Applications [Seite 673]
73 - A Synthesis of Sociotechnical Principles for System Design [Seite 674]
73.1 - Abstract [Seite 674]
73.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 675]
73.2.1 - 1.1 Background and Context [Seite 675]
73.3 - 2 Rationale for the Design of STS Principles [Seite 676]
73.4 - 3 Method [Seite 680]
73.5 - 4 Synthesised Principles for Sociotechnical Systems Design [Seite 681]
73.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 682]
73.7 - Acknowledgements [Seite 683]
73.8 - References [Seite 683]
74 - Cut Me Off: An Exploratory Study About How the User Perceives the Information of Clothes Textile Labels [Seite 686]
74.1 - Abstract [Seite 686]
74.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 686]
74.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 688]
74.4 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 689]
74.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 690]
74.6 - References [Seite 691]
75 - Ergonomic Research in Civil Aircraft External Service Design [Seite 692]
75.1 - Abstract [Seite 692]
75.2 - 1 Review [Seite 692]
75.3 - 2 General Layout and Ergonomic Design of External Service [Seite 692]
75.4 - 3 Accessibility Design [Seite 693]
75.4.1 - 3.1 Height Design of Service Interface [Seite 694]
75.4.2 - 3.2 Operation Task Accessibility Design [Seite 695]
75.4.3 - 3.3 Visual Accessibility Design [Seite 696]
75.4.4 - 3.4 Operation Convenience Design [Seite 697]
75.5 - 4 Error Prevention Design [Seite 698]
75.6 - 5 Operation Safety Evaluation and Design [Seite 698]
75.7 - 6 Summarize [Seite 699]
75.8 - References [Seite 700]
76 - Design for Children - Ergonomics in a Ceramic Tile's Project [Seite 701]
76.1 - Abstract [Seite 701]
76.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 701]
76.3 - 2 The Study [Seite 702]
76.3.1 - 2.1 Method and Aim [Seite 702]
76.3.2 - 2.2 Results [Seite 703]
76.4 - 3 Conclusions [Seite 707]
76.5 - Acknowledgments [Seite 707]
76.6 - References [Seite 707]
77 - Graphic-Semantic Expressions Map: A New Tool on Design Teaching [Seite 709]
77.1 - Abstract [Seite 709]
77.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 709]
77.3 - 2 Problem [Seite 710]
77.4 - 3 Design Process [Seite 710]
77.5 - 4 Graphic-Semantic Expression Map [Seite 711]
77.5.1 - 4.1 How It Works [Seite 712]
77.6 - 5 Conclusions [Seite 718]
77.7 - References [Seite 719]
78 - Research on Ergonomic Design and Evaluation of Office Backrest Curve [Seite 720]
78.1 - Abstract [Seite 720]
78.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 720]
78.3 - 2 Questionnaire [Seite 722]
78.3.1 - 2.1 Subjects [Seite 722]
78.3.2 - 2.2 Question Setting [Seite 722]
78.3.3 - 2.3 The Result of the Investigation [Seite 722]
78.3.3.1 - 2.3.1 Discomfort Analysis [Seite 722]
78.3.3.2 - 2.3.2 Causes of Discomfort in Headrest Design [Seite 724]
78.4 - 3 Experiment [Seite 725]
78.4.1 - 3.1 Participants [Seite 725]
78.4.2 - 3.2 Equipment [Seite 725]
78.4.3 - 3.3 Spinal Measurement [Seite 725]
78.4.4 - 3.4 Office Chair Backrest Measurement [Seite 726]
78.4.5 - 3.5 Data Analysis [Seite 727]
78.4.5.1 - 3.5.1 Fitting of Human Spine Curve and Office Chair Back [Seite 727]
78.5 - 4 Conclusion and Discussion [Seite 728]
78.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 729]
78.7 - References [Seite 729]
79 - Assessment of Portuguese Firefighters' Needs: Preliminary Results of a Pilot Study [Seite 730]
79.1 - Abstract [Seite 730]
79.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 730]
79.2.1 - 1.1 Portuguese Firefighters' PPE Study [Seite 731]
79.3 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 731]
79.3.1 - 2.1 Data Collection [Seite 732]
79.3.2 - 2.2 Data Analysis [Seite 732]
79.4 - 3 Results [Seite 732]
79.4.1 - 3.1 Demographic Information [Seite 732]
79.4.2 - 3.2 Turnout Gear Selection [Seite 733]
79.4.3 - 3.3 Turnout Gear Protection Level [Seite 733]
79.4.4 - 3.4 Turnout Coat Fit Issues [Seite 734]
79.4.5 - 3.5 Turnout Pants Fit Issues [Seite 736]
79.5 - 4 Discussion [Seite 737]
79.5.1 - 4.1 Turnout Ensemble Sizing [Seite 737]
79.5.2 - 4.2 Turnout Ensemble Fit [Seite 737]
79.5.3 - 4.3 Gear Fabrics [Seite 738]
79.5.4 - 4.4 Turnout Gear Maintenance [Seite 738]
79.5.5 - 4.5 Personal Hygiene [Seite 739]
79.5.6 - 4.6 Study Limitations [Seite 739]
79.6 - 5 Final Considerations [Seite 740]
79.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 740]
79.8 - References [Seite 740]
80 - "Possible But Improbable Spaces": From Interior Design Experience to Jewellery Creation [Seite 742]
80.1 - Abstract [Seite 742]
80.2 - 1 Genesis of the Project [Seite 742]
80.3 - 2 Project Methodology [Seite 749]
80.4 - 3 Conclusive Synthesis [Seite 749]
80.5 - References [Seite 750]
81 - Service Mapping: Case Study of University Waste Management System [Seite 751]
81.1 - Abstract [Seite 751]
81.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 751]
81.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 752]
81.3.1 - 2.1 Product-Service-System (PSS) [Seite 752]
81.3.2 - 2.2 Ergonomics in PSS [Seite 752]
81.4 - 3 Mapping [Seite 753]
81.4.1 - 3.1 Current System [Seite 753]
81.4.2 - 3.2 Problems Identified [Seite 754]
81.5 - 4 Co-created Action Plan [Seite 757]
81.5.1 - 4.1 System's Reconfiguration [Seite 757]
81.5.2 - 4.2 Building Trust [Seite 757]
81.5.3 - 4.3 Feasibility [Seite 758]
81.6 - 5 Discussion [Seite 759]
81.7 - 6 Conclusion [Seite 760]
81.8 - References [Seite 760]
82 - Current Theoretical Developments and Applications of Fitts' Law: A Literature Review [Seite 762]
82.1 - Abstract [Seite 762]
82.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 762]
82.3 - 2 Methods [Seite 763]
82.4 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 763]
82.4.1 - 3.1 The Discussion of Fitts' Law [Seite 763]
82.4.2 - 3.2 The Extensions of Fitts' Law [Seite 764]
82.4.3 - 3.3 The Applications of Fitts' Law [Seite 765]
82.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 766]
82.6 - References [Seite 767]
83 - On Girls Bra Design for the Demand of User [Seite 770]
83.1 - Abstract [Seite 770]
83.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 770]
83.3 - 2 Research Status of Girls Bra [Seite 771]
83.4 - 3 Research Method [Seite 771]
83.4.1 - 3.1 Extraction of Influencing Factors [Seite 771]
83.4.2 - 3.2 Questionnaire Design [Seite 773]
83.4.3 - 3.3 Basic Information of Research Subjects [Seite 773]
83.5 - 4 Discussion and Analysis [Seite 773]
83.5.1 - 4.1 Reliability and Validity of Questionnaires [Seite 773]
83.5.2 - 4.2 Weight Ratio Analysis of Bra Demand Factor for Girls [Seite 773]
83.5.3 - 4.3 Research Results and Analysis of Weights of Factors [Seite 774]
83.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 776]
83.7 - References [Seite 777]
84 - Effects of Playing Surface on Physiological Responses and Performance Variables of Hockey Players [Seite 778]
84.1 - Abstract [Seite 778]
84.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 778]
84.3 - 2 Aims and Objectives of the Study [Seite 779]
84.3.1 - 2.1 Hypotheses of the Study [Seite 779]
84.3.2 - 2.2 Method and Procedure [Seite 779]
84.3.3 - 2.3 Results and Discussion [Seite 780]
84.4 - 3 Conclusion [Seite 782]
84.5 - References [Seite 782]
85 - Role of Postural Control Exercises and Pelvic Floor Strengthening Exercises on Chronic Low Back Pain of Women with Sitting Jobs [Seite 784]
85.1 - Abstract [Seite 784]
85.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 784]
85.2.1 - 1.1 Need of the Study [Seite 785]
85.2.2 - 1.2 Aim of the Study [Seite 785]
85.2.3 - 1.3 Objective of the Study [Seite 786]
85.2.4 - 1.4 Hypothesis [Seite 786]
85.3 - 2 Review of Literature [Seite 786]
85.4 - 3 Methodology [Seite 786]
85.4.1 - 3.1 Procedure [Seite 787]
85.4.2 - 3.2 Dependent Variables [Seite 787]
85.4.3 - 3.3 Independent Variable [Seite 787]
85.5 - 4 Results [Seite 787]
85.6 - 5 Discussion [Seite 789]
85.7 - 6 Conclusion [Seite 790]
85.8 - References [Seite 790]
86 - The Role of Organizational Factors in Development and Progression of Wrist Disorders: Psychosocial Aspects [Seite 792]
86.1 - Abstract [Seite 792]
86.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 792]
86.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 795]
86.3.1 - 2.1 Identification of Workplaces and Subjects [Seite 795]
86.3.2 - 2.2 Survey on Different Psychosocial Factors and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) [Seite 795]
86.4 - 3 Results [Seite 796]
86.4.1 - 3.1 Demographic Data [Seite 796]
86.4.2 - 3.2 Work Sectors and Activities [Seite 796]
86.4.3 - 3.3 PCA [Seite 797]
86.5 - 4 Discussion [Seite 800]
86.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 801]
86.7 - References [Seite 802]
87 - Developing a Framework that Can Assist Designers to Identify and Incorporate Notable Cultural Elements into Products Designed for Tourists [Seite 803]
87.1 - Abstract [Seite 803]
87.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 803]
87.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 805]
87.3.1 - 2.1 Phase 1: Extracting Cultural Elements from Tourists [Seite 805]
87.3.2 - 2.2 Phase 2: Categorizing the Cultural Elements Using Card Sort [Seite 806]
87.3.3 - 2.3 Participants Demographics [Seite 806]
87.4 - 3 Results and Discussions [Seite 807]
87.5 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 812]
87.6 - References [Seite 813]
88 - Design Interventions of an Exergame for Fall Problem in Indian Older Adults [Seite 814]
88.1 - Abstract [Seite 814]
88.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 814]
88.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 816]
88.3.1 - 2.1 Participants and Selection Criteria of the Study [Seite 816]
88.3.2 - 2.2 Experiment and Interview Process [Seite 816]
88.3.3 - 2.3 Exergame Design Process [Seite 816]
88.4 - 3 Findings, Design Modifications and Recommendations [Seite 818]
88.4.1 - 3.1 Findings from the Pilot Studies [Seite 818]
88.4.2 - 3.2 Design Modification [Seite 821]
88.4.3 - 3.3 Design Recommendations [Seite 822]
88.5 - 4 Discussion [Seite 822]
88.6 - Acknowledgements [Seite 823]
88.7 - References [Seite 823]
89 - A Re-look into the Information in Multimedia Design and Animation Theme Presentation [Seite 825]
89.1 - Abstract [Seite 825]
89.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 825]
89.3 - 2 The Objective [Seite 826]
89.4 - 3 Experiments: Theme Based [Seite 826]
89.5 - 4 Setting up the Experiment: Planning and Conducting Survey [Seite 826]
89.6 - 5 The Context of Interactivity [Seite 826]
89.7 - 6 Sample Size [Seite 827]
89.8 - 7 Identification of Students' Segment and Respondent Profiling [Seite 827]
89.9 - 8 Administration of the Test for the Focus Group [Seite 828]
89.10 - 9 Summary of Responses of Focus Group Study [Seite 828]
89.11 - 10 Some Observations on the Methodology and Its Limitation [Seite 829]
89.12 - 11 Conclusion [Seite 830]
89.13 - References [Seite 830]
90 - Author Index [Seite 831]
2 - Preface [Seite 8]
3 - Contents [Seite 11]
4 - Design Methods, User Interfaces and Interaction Design [Seite 19]
5 - The Role of Design in Technology Driven Ergonomics Product Development [Seite 20]
5.1 - Abstract [Seite 20]
5.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 20]
5.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 21]
5.4 - 3 Findings [Seite 23]
5.4.1 - 3.1 The Role of Design in Technology Driven New Product Development and Innovation [Seite 23]
5.4.2 - 3.2 Methods and Tools to Support User Involvement at the Front End of Technology Driven NPD [Seite 24]
5.4.3 - 3.3 The Methods and Tools for Innovative Idea Generation from Technology [Seite 25]
5.5 - 4 Results [Seite 25]
5.6 - 5 Discussion [Seite 26]
5.7 - 6 Conclusions and Recommendations [Seite 28]
5.8 - References [Seite 28]
6 - Teenagers Postural Effects Through Videogames Therapeutic Approach [Seite 32]
6.1 - Abstract [Seite 32]
6.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 32]
6.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 34]
6.4 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 35]
6.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 38]
6.6 - References [Seite 38]
7 - Eye-Tracking Examination of the Anthropological Race, Gender and Verbal-Pictorial Relative Positions on Ergonomics of Visual Information Presentation [Seite 40]
7.1 - Abstract [Seite 40]
7.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 40]
7.3 - 2 Method [Seite 41]
7.3.1 - 2.1 Design of the Experiment and Procedure [Seite 41]
7.3.2 - 2.2 Participants [Seite 43]
7.4 - 3 Results [Seite 43]
7.4.1 - 3.1 Preferences - Pairwise Comparisons [Seite 43]
7.4.2 - 3.2 Eye-Tracking Results [Seite 46]
7.5 - 4 Discussion and Conclusion [Seite 49]
7.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 50]
7.7 - References [Seite 50]
8 - How to Read Red: Red in Western Culture (Part II) [Seite 52]
8.1 - Abstract [Seite 52]
8.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 52]
8.3 - 2 Correcting, Punishing, Prohibiting, Protecting [Seite 52]
8.4 - 3 Distinguishing [Seite 53]
8.5 - 4 The Color of Love [Seite 54]
8.6 - 5 Politicizing [Seite 55]
8.7 - 6 On the Boundary: Pink, Orange, Purple [Seite 58]
8.8 - Acknowledgments [Seite 62]
8.9 - References [Seite 62]
9 - Contribution of Visual Ergonomics to a Holistic View of the Symbols Applied in Touristic and Cultural Signage: The Portuguese Case [Seite 65]
9.1 - Abstract [Seite 65]
9.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 65]
9.3 - 2 Traffic Signs [Seite 67]
9.4 - 3 The Portuguese System [Seite 68]
9.5 - 4 Visual Ergonomics [Seite 69]
9.6 - 5 Holistic View of the Applied Symbols [Seite 70]
9.7 - 6 Outcomes [Seite 72]
9.8 - References [Seite 73]
10 - Design, Objects and Memory: A Sustainability-Oriented Project Itinerary [Seite 74]
10.1 - Abstract [Seite 74]
10.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 74]
10.3 - 2 Sustainability, Design and Affectivity [Seite 76]
10.4 - 3 Methodology [Seite 77]
10.5 - 4 Projects' Itinerary and Its Applications [Seite 78]
10.5.1 - 4.1 Results and Discussion About the Application of the Itineraries [Seite 79]
10.5.2 - 4.2 Results and Discussion About the Application of the Questionnaires [Seite 80]
10.6 - 5 Final Remarks [Seite 82]
10.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 83]
10.8 - References [Seite 83]
11 - Effectiveness of Coach Marks or Instructional Overlay in Smartphone Apps Interfaces [Seite 85]
11.1 - Abstract [Seite 85]
11.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 85]
11.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 88]
11.3.1 - 2.1 Study Design [Seite 88]
11.3.2 - 2.2 Sample [Seite 89]
11.3.3 - 2.3 Materials [Seite 89]
11.3.4 - 2.4 Procedures [Seite 90]
11.4 - 3 Results [Seite 91]
11.5 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 92]
11.6 - Acknowledgements [Seite 93]
11.7 - References [Seite 94]
12 - Communication Design as Tool for Social Transformation: A Co-design Project with the Residents of the Rego Neighborhood, in Lisbon [Seite 96]
12.1 - Abstract [Seite 96]
12.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 96]
12.3 - 2 Social Design and Participation [Seite 97]
12.4 - 3 The Rego Neighborhood and the Work of IPAV in the Field [Seite 98]
12.5 - 4 Communication Design in the Passa Sabi Festival Planning Process [Seite 100]
12.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 105]
12.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 106]
12.8 - References [Seite 106]
13 - The Brand Mark Competitors Map as Visual Research Tool. Using Graphic and Symbolic Data in the Brand Visual Identity Project [Seite 108]
13.1 - Abstract [Seite 108]
13.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 109]
13.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 109]
13.4 - 3 The Competitors Map as a Visual Research Tool [Seite 110]
13.5 - 4 A Brand Marks Analysis Sheet for the Competitors Map [Seite 111]
13.6 - 5 Previous Results and Next Steps [Seite 117]
13.7 - References [Seite 118]
14 - Boundary Dimension Design of Graphical Symbols Based on User Preference [Seite 120]
14.1 - Abstract [Seite 120]
14.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 120]
14.3 - 2 Methods [Seite 121]
14.3.1 - 2.1 Materials [Seite 121]
14.3.2 - 2.2 Experimental Design [Seite 122]
14.3.3 - 2.3 Experimental Environment and Equipment [Seite 122]
14.3.4 - 2.4 Subjects [Seite 122]
14.3.5 - 2.5 Experimental Procedure [Seite 123]
14.4 - 3 Result [Seite 123]
14.5 - 4 Discussion and Conclusion [Seite 124]
14.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 125]
14.7 - References [Seite 125]
15 - An Ergonomic Assessment on the Detectability Design of the New Generation Currency (NGC) Coin Series and Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) Coin Series [Seite 127]
15.1 - Abstract [Seite 127]
15.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 127]
15.2.1 - 1.1 Background of the Study [Seite 127]
15.2.2 - 1.2 Problem Statement [Seite 128]
15.2.3 - 1.3 Objectives of the Study [Seite 128]
15.3 - 2 Method [Seite 128]
15.3.1 - 2.1 Timed Detection Test [Seite 129]
15.3.2 - 2.2 Questionnaire on Design Features [Seite 129]
15.4 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 130]
15.4.1 - 3.1 Questionnaire Results [Seite 130]
15.4.2 - 3.2 Analysis of Differences [Seite 131]
15.4.3 - 3.3 Effectiveness Breakdown of Denominations [Seite 134]
15.4.3.1 - 3.3.1 Visual Test [Seite 134]
15.4.3.2 - 3.3.2 Tactile Test [Seite 135]
15.4.3.3 - 3.3.3 Visual & Tactile (V&T) Test [Seite 136]
15.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 137]
15.6 - 5 Recommendation [Seite 137]
15.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 138]
15.8 - References [Seite 138]
16 - Research on Optimization of Information Coding for Car Dashboard Based on Eye Movement Analysis [Seite 139]
16.1 - Abstract [Seite 139]
16.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 139]
16.3 - 2 Method [Seite 140]
16.3.1 - 2.1 Experimental Design [Seite 140]
16.3.2 - 2.2 Experimental Equipment [Seite 140]
16.3.3 - 2.3 Experimental Subjects [Seite 141]
16.3.4 - 2.4 Experimental Materials [Seite 141]
16.3.5 - 2.5 Procedure [Seite 144]
16.3.6 - 2.6 Data Processing [Seite 144]
16.4 - 3 Experiment Analysis [Seite 144]
16.4.1 - 3.1 Influence of Different Types of Dashboard Design on Reading Duration [Seite 144]
16.4.1.1 - 3.1.1 Analysis of Task Duration [Seite 144]
16.4.1.2 - 3.1.2 Difference Analysis of the Total Task Time [Seite 146]
16.4.2 - 3.2 Eye Movement Data Analysis [Seite 148]
16.4.2.1 - 3.2.1 Influence of Dashboard Layout on the Number of Fixation Points [Seite 148]
16.4.2.2 - 3.2.2 The Impact of Different Areas of the Dashboard on Visual Search [Seite 149]
16.5 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 151]
16.6 - Acknowledgements [Seite 151]
16.7 - References [Seite 151]
17 - Brand Identity in Motion. Structural Models of Brand Identity on TV Opening Credits [Seite 153]
17.1 - Abstract [Seite 153]
17.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 153]
17.3 - 2 What Is Branding and How Can the TV Series Benefit from It? [Seite 154]
17.4 - 3 How Can We Think About the Branding of a Television Series? [Seite 156]
17.5 - 4 Why These? [Seite 156]
17.6 - 5 Branding and/in Motion [Seite 156]
17.7 - 6 Brand Identity on TV Opening Credits [Seite 157]
17.8 - 7 Structural Models of TV Main Titles [Seite 158]
17.9 - Acknowledgments [Seite 162]
17.10 - References [Seite 162]
18 - Human Factors Engineering Research on Folding Umbrellas Design [Seite 164]
18.1 - Abstract [Seite 164]
18.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 164]
18.3 - 2 The Development of Folding Umbrellas [Seite 164]
18.3.1 - 2.1 The Development of Umbrellas [Seite 164]
18.3.2 - 2.2 The Appearance of Folding Umbrellas [Seite 165]
18.4 - 3 The Research Direction of Folding Umbrellas [Seite 165]
18.4.1 - 3.1 Development Status of Folding Umbrellas [Seite 165]
18.4.2 - 3.2 Human Factors Problems with Folding Umbrellas [Seite 166]
18.4.3 - 3.3 Design Ideas of Folding Umbrellas [Seite 166]
18.5 - 4 Analysis of Folding Umbrellas [Seite 167]
18.5.1 - 4.1 Analysis of Handle [Seite 167]
18.5.2 - 4.2 Shape of Folding Umbrella cover [Seite 168]
18.5.3 - 4.3 Size of Folding Umbrellas [Seite 169]
18.5.4 - 4.4 Psychological Factor Analysis [Seite 170]
18.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 171]
18.7 - References [Seite 171]
19 - Effects of Screen Brightness on Visual Performance Under Different Environments [Seite 172]
19.1 - Abstract [Seite 172]
19.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 172]
19.3 - 2 Experimental Design [Seite 173]
19.3.1 - 2.1 Subjects and Environment [Seite 173]
19.3.2 - 2.2 Experimental Devices and Instruments [Seite 173]
19.3.3 - 2.3 Experimental Indexes [Seite 174]
19.3.4 - 2.4 Experimental Variables [Seite 175]
19.3.5 - 2.5 Experimental Materials [Seite 175]
19.3.6 - 2.6 Experimental Procedure [Seite 175]
19.4 - 3 Experimental Results and Analysis [Seite 175]
19.4.1 - 3.1 Analysis of Parameters Under Different Ambient Illumination and Screen Brightness [Seite 175]
19.4.2 - 3.2 Analysis of Each Parameter Under Different Brightness and Contrast [Seite 179]
19.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 180]
19.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 180]
19.7 - References [Seite 180]
20 - Study on the Effect of Key-to-Key Distance on Touch-Sensitive Key Operation [Seite 181]
20.1 - Abstract [Seite 181]
20.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 181]
20.3 - 2 Method [Seite 183]
20.3.1 - 2.1 Subjects [Seite 183]
20.3.2 - 2.2 Task Design [Seite 183]
20.3.3 - 2.3 Statistical Method [Seite 185]
20.4 - 3 Result [Seite 185]
20.4.1 - 3.1 Rounded Corner Touch-Sensitive Keys [Seite 185]
20.4.2 - 3.2 Round Touch-Sensitive Keys [Seite 188]
20.5 - 4 Discussion [Seite 191]
20.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 192]
20.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 192]
20.8 - References [Seite 192]
21 - Research on Standardization of Public Information Guidance Systems for Railway Stations [Seite 194]
21.1 - Abstract [Seite 194]
21.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 194]
21.3 - 2 Survey Plan [Seite 195]
21.3.1 - 2.1 Standardization of Information Elements [Seite 195]
21.3.2 - 2.2 Standardization of Guidance Elements [Seite 195]
21.3.3 - 2.3 Standardization Setting of Guidance Systems [Seite 196]
21.4 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 196]
21.4.1 - 3.1 Non-standardized Use of Information Element [Seite 196]
21.4.2 - 3.2 Non-standardized Design of Guidance Element [Seite 197]
21.4.3 - 3.3 Poor Systematized Setting of Guidance Elements [Seite 198]
21.4.4 - 3.4 Disconnection Between Guidance System Planning and Architectural Design [Seite 201]
21.5 - 4 Optimize Design [Seite 202]
21.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 203]
21.6.1 - 5.1 Improve Top-Level Design [Seite 203]
21.6.2 - 5.2 Strengthening the Promotion and Implementation of National Standards [Seite 204]
21.6.3 - 5.3 Carry Out Standardization Pilot Work [Seite 204]
21.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 204]
21.8 - References [Seite 204]
22 - Methodology of Analysis of Brand Visual Identity of Food Products: Comprehension and Valuation of Graphic Signs [Seite 205]
22.1 - Abstract [Seite 205]
22.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 205]
22.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 207]
22.3.1 - 2.1 Semantics, Syntactic and Pragmatics in the Analysis and Design Process [Seite 208]
22.3.2 - 2.2 Graphic Elements of Visual Identity of Olive Oil and Cheese' Brand [Seite 209]
22.4 - 3 From Non-interventional Research and to Active Interventional Research [Seite 211]
22.4.1 - 3.1 Study 1 [Seite 213]
22.4.2 - 3.2 Study 2 [Seite 216]
22.5 - 4 Discussion of the Results and the Conclusions [Seite 217]
22.6 - References [Seite 219]
23 - Design and User Involvement [Seite 221]
24 - Evaluation of the Concept of a Smart City Gamification from a User Centered Design Perspective [Seite 222]
24.1 - Abstract [Seite 222]
24.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 222]
24.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 224]
24.3.1 - 2.1 Sample [Seite 224]
24.3.2 - 2.2 Methodology [Seite 224]
24.3.3 - 2.3 Procedures [Seite 229]
24.4 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 229]
24.5 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 233]
24.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 233]
24.7 - References [Seite 233]
25 - Natural Human-Computer Interfaces' Paradigm and Cognitive Ergonomics [Seite 235]
25.1 - Abstract [Seite 235]
25.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 235]
25.3 - 2 Cognitive Ergonomics: A Reading [Seite 236]
25.3.1 - 2.1 Participatory Design: A Contextual Approach [Seite 236]
25.3.2 - 2.2 User-Centred Design: The Third Paradigm [Seite 237]
25.3.3 - 2.3 Contextual Design [Seite 238]
25.4 - 3 Natural Human-Computer Interfaces: The Fourth Paradigm [Seite 238]
25.4.1 - 3.1 Natural Human-Centred System Design [Seite 239]
25.4.2 - 3.2 Classifying the Natural Nature of Sensory Modalities [Seite 240]
25.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 240]
25.6 - References [Seite 241]
26 - Grains of Memory: User Experience in the SandBox Interactive Installation [Seite 243]
26.1 - Abstract [Seite 243]
26.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 243]
26.3 - 2 The Theoretical Context [Seite 244]
26.4 - 3 Related Work [Seite 245]
26.5 - 4 Research Methods [Seite 246]
26.5.1 - 4.1 Participants [Seite 247]
26.6 - 5 The Interactive Installation [Seite 247]
26.6.1 - 5.1 SandBox Technical Rider [Seite 248]
26.6.2 - 5.2 SandBox Interaction Experience [Seite 249]
26.7 - 6 Results and Discussion [Seite 249]
26.8 - 7 Conclusions [Seite 254]
26.9 - Acknowledgments [Seite 254]
26.10 - References [Seite 255]
27 - Measure of the Lived and Functional Effects of Gamification: An Experimental Study in a Professional Context [Seite 257]
27.1 - Abstract [Seite 257]
27.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 257]
27.3 - 2 User Experience and Gamification [Seite 258]
27.4 - 3 Problem and Method [Seite 259]
27.4.1 - 3.1 Problematic [Seite 259]
27.4.2 - 3.2 Methodology [Seite 260]
27.5 - 4 Results [Seite 262]
27.5.1 - 4.1 Results: Impacts on the Lived Experience [Seite 262]
27.5.2 - 4.2 Results: Impacts on Functional Experience (Experiment) [Seite 263]
27.6 - 5 Discussion and Conclusion [Seite 266]
27.7 - References [Seite 267]
28 - Comparative Analysis of Body Measurement and Morphology Between Subjects with Different Body Mass Index [Seite 269]
28.1 - Abstract [Seite 269]
28.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 269]
28.3 - 2 Method [Seite 270]
28.3.1 - 2.1 Sample Selection [Seite 270]
28.3.2 - 2.2 Data Acquisition [Seite 271]
28.4 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 272]
28.5 - 4 Considerations [Seite 276]
28.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 276]
28.7 - References [Seite 276]
29 - A New Tool for Cognitive Workload Assessment in System Design Prototypes [Seite 278]
29.1 - Abstract [Seite 278]
29.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 278]
29.3 - 2 Equipment/Hardware [Seite 279]
29.3.1 - 2.1 OpenBCI EEG Setup [Seite 279]
29.3.2 - 2.2 Pupil Eye-Tracker [Seite 280]
29.3.3 - 2.3 EEG-Stimuli Sync Device [Seite 280]
29.4 - 3 Equipment/Hardware [Seite 281]
29.4.1 - 3.1 Graphical User Interfaces [Seite 281]
29.4.2 - 3.2 Lab Streaming Layer [Seite 281]
29.5 - 4 Tasks and Stimuli [Seite 282]
29.5.1 - 4.1 Psychomotor Vigilance Task [Seite 282]
29.5.2 - 4.2 N-Back [Seite 282]
29.6 - 5 Data Acquisition [Seite 283]
29.7 - 6 Signal Processing [Seite 284]
29.7.1 - 6.1 Pre-processing [Seite 284]
29.7.2 - 6.2 Metrics [Seite 287]
29.8 - 7 Conclusions [Seite 288]
29.9 - Acknowledgments [Seite 288]
29.10 - References [Seite 288]
30 - Research on Human-Computer Interaction Design of Bed Rehabilitation Equipment for the Elderly [Seite 290]
30.1 - Abstract [Seite 290]
30.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 290]
30.3 - 2 Research and Development of Human-Computer Interaction [Seite 291]
30.3.1 - 2.1 Research on Human-Computer Interaction [Seite 291]
30.3.2 - 2.2 Ergonomic Framework in Product Design [Seite 291]
30.4 - 3 Users: The Main Factors Affecting the Use of Rehabilitation Equipment for the Elderly [Seite 292]
30.4.1 - 3.1 Psychological Factors [Seite 292]
30.4.2 - 3.2 Physiological Factors [Seite 293]
30.4.3 - 3.3 Social Factors [Seite 293]
30.5 - 4 Tools: Home Rehabilitation Equipment Status and Ergonomics Related Analysis [Seite 293]
30.5.1 - 4.1 Psychological Factors [Seite 293]
30.5.2 - 4.2 Ergonomics Related Size Analysis [Seite 294]
30.5.3 - 4.3 Length of Rehabilitation Equipment on the Bed [Seite 294]
30.5.4 - 4.4 Rehabilitation Equipment Handle Stretch Length [Seite 295]
30.5.5 - 4.5 Foot and Pull Ring Size on Rehabilitation Equipment [Seite 295]
30.5.6 - 4.6 Foot and Pull Ring Size on Rehabilitation Equipment [Seite 296]
30.6 - 5 Task: Self-recovery Feedback Design for the Elderly in Bed [Seite 296]
30.7 - 6 Design Practice [Seite 297]
30.7.1 - 6.1 Design Positioning [Seite 297]
30.7.2 - 6.2 Design Plan [Seite 297]
30.7.3 - 6.3 APP Design [Seite 298]
30.7.3.1 - 6.3.1 LOGO Design [Seite 298]
30.7.3.2 - 6.3.2 Interface Design [Seite 298]
30.8 - 7 Conclusions [Seite 299]
30.9 - Acknowledgments [Seite 300]
30.10 - References [Seite 300]
31 - Visual Storytelling - Creative Strategy of Visual Clues Promoted by Archetypal Images [Seite 302]
31.1 - Abstract [Seite 302]
31.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 302]
31.3 - 2 Problem [Seite 303]
31.4 - 3 Hypothesis [Seite 304]
31.5 - 4 Objectives [Seite 304]
31.6 - 5 Strategy [Seite 304]
31.7 - 6 Results [Seite 308]
31.8 - 7 Conclusion [Seite 309]
31.9 - Acknowledgments [Seite 310]
31.10 - References [Seite 310]
32 - Review of the Research on Car Seating Comfort [Seite 311]
32.1 - Abstract [Seite 311]
32.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 311]
32.3 - 2 Theories [Seite 312]
32.4 - 3 Influencing Factors of Car Seating Comfort [Seite 314]
32.5 - 4 Evaluation Methods [Seite 314]
32.5.1 - 4.1 Subjective Evaluation [Seite 314]
32.5.2 - 4.2 Objective Behavior Evaluation [Seite 315]
32.5.3 - 4.3 Physiological Parameter Evaluation [Seite 317]
32.6 - 5 Conclusions [Seite 318]
32.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 318]
32.8 - References [Seite 319]
33 - Ergonomics Assessment Criteria as a Way to Improve the Quality and Safety of People's Transport in Underground Coal Mines [Seite 320]
33.1 - Abstract [Seite 320]
33.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 320]
33.3 - 2 Evaluation of Suspended Monorails Currently Used and Proposed Solutions in Terms of Compliance with Ergonomics Requirements [Seite 322]
33.3.1 - 2.1 Survey with the Operators of Suspended Monorails - Results [Seite 322]
33.3.2 - 2.2 Survey with the Passengers of Suspended Monorails - Results [Seite 324]
33.3.3 - 2.3 Computer Aided Ergonomic Evaluation of the Passengers Transport Cab Used in Mining Suspended Monorails [Seite 326]
33.4 - 3 Virtual Prototyping of the Operator's Cabin as an Anthropotechnical System [Seite 328]
33.4.1 - 3.1 Development of MBS Computational Model [Seite 328]
33.4.2 - 3.2 Assessment of the Suspension System of the Operator's Cabin Using MBS and FEM Calculations [Seite 329]
33.5 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 331]
33.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 331]
33.7 - References [Seite 331]
34 - Development of an Ergonomically Designed Backpacks for Junior High School Students [Seite 333]
34.1 - Abstract [Seite 333]
34.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 334]
34.3 - 2 Conceptual Model [Seite 334]
34.4 - 3 Methodology [Seite 335]
34.5 - 4 Results and Discussion [Seite 335]
34.6 - 5 Recommendation [Seite 337]
34.7 - 6 Conclusion [Seite 339]
34.8 - References [Seite 339]
35 - A Study on the Correlation of Head and Face Data of Chinese Adults [Seite 340]
35.1 - Abstract [Seite 340]
35.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 340]
35.3 - 2 Research Background [Seite 341]
35.4 - 3 Sampling Methods [Seite 341]
35.4.1 - 3.1 Age Distribution [Seite 341]
35.4.2 - 3.2 Geographical Distribution [Seite 342]
35.4.3 - 3.3 Occupational Distribution [Seite 342]
35.5 - 4 Measurement Methods [Seite 342]
35.5.1 - 4.1 Definitions of Measurement Items [Seite 342]
35.5.2 - 4.2 Measurement Equipments [Seite 343]
35.6 - 5 Data Analysis [Seite 343]
35.6.1 - 5.1 Inter-project Correlation Analysis [Seite 343]
35.6.2 - 5.2 Analysis of Influencing Factors on Head and Face [Seite 345]
35.6.3 - 5.3 Linear Regression Equation [Seite 347]
35.7 - 6 Conclusions [Seite 347]
35.8 - Acknowledgments [Seite 348]
35.9 - References [Seite 348]
36 - Directions Towards Sustainability Through Higher Education [Seite 349]
36.1 - Abstract [Seite 349]
36.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 349]
36.3 - 2 Impediments to Achieving Sustainability [Seite 350]
36.3.1 - 2.1 A Challenging Concept [Seite 350]
36.3.2 - 2.2 Restrictions of Technological Solutions [Seite 350]
36.3.3 - 2.3 Restrictions of a Consumer Based Approach [Seite 351]
36.3.4 - 2.4 Restrictions to Reliability of Information for Decision-Making [Seite 351]
36.3.5 - 2.5 Cognitive Processes [Seite 352]
36.4 - 3 Higher Education: A Resource for Sustainability [Seite 353]
36.5 - 4 The Tasks for Higher Education [Seite 354]
36.5.1 - 4.1 Promoting Diversity [Seite 354]
36.5.2 - 4.2 Understanding the Concept of Sustainability [Seite 354]
36.5.3 - 4.3 Redesigning Courses [Seite 354]
36.6 - 5 Concepts for Curriculum Design [Seite 355]
36.6.1 - 5.1 Social Cognitive Theory [Seite 355]
36.6.2 - 5.2 Boyer Model of Scholarship [Seite 356]
36.6.3 - 5.3 Global Perspective [Seite 356]
36.6.4 - 5.4 Sustainability Science [Seite 357]
36.7 - 6 Conclusion [Seite 358]
36.8 - References [Seite 359]
37 - Information, Design and Visualization [Seite 362]
38 - Water Museums and Digital Media: Two Case Studies on Digital Media in Water Museums [Seite 363]
38.1 - Abstract [Seite 363]
38.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 363]
38.3 - 2 Museum's Today [Seite 364]
38.4 - 3 Experience, Emotion and Digital Media [Seite 365]
38.5 - 4 Water Museums [Seite 366]
38.5.1 - 4.1 WAMU-NET: The Global Water Museum Network [Seite 367]
38.5.2 - 4.2 Two Case Studies [Seite 367]
38.6 - 5 Discussion [Seite 370]
38.7 - 6 Final Considerations [Seite 371]
38.8 - Acknowledgments [Seite 371]
38.9 - References [Seite 371]
39 - A Human-Computer Interaction Framework for Interface Analysis and Design [Seite 373]
39.1 - Abstract [Seite 373]
39.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 373]
39.3 - 2 Classification: A Requirement [Seite 374]
39.4 - 3 Classical HCI Models: The Human Dominance Paradigm [Seite 374]
39.5 - 4 Towards a Neutral Positioning HCI Model [Seite 377]
39.5.1 - 4.1 Simple and Complex HCIs [Seite 379]
39.5.2 - 4.2 Complex HCI versus Sequence of Autonomous HCIs [Seite 380]
39.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 382]
39.7 - References [Seite 382]
40 - Collaboration: Critical Roles of Academia-Business Partnerships and Challenges the Workforce Must Face [Seite 384]
40.1 - Abstract [Seite 384]
40.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 384]
40.3 - 2 Understanding Collaboration [Seite 385]
40.4 - 3 The Roles of Education and Industry in Globally Competitive Economic Societies [Seite 387]
40.4.1 - 3.1 Challenges Faced by the Workforce [Seite 387]
40.4.1.1 - 3.1.1 Adaptation to the Work Environment [Seite 387]
40.4.1.2 - 3.1.2 Getting the Right Skills [Seite 388]
40.4.1.3 - 3.1.3 How and When Are the Required Skills Acquired [Seite 389]
40.5 - 4 Paths and Levels of Business-University Collaboration [Seite 390]
40.5.1 - 4.1 Promoting and Stimulating Industry-University Collaboration [Seite 392]
40.5.2 - 4.2 Successful Industry-University Collaboration Examples [Seite 393]
40.5.3 - 4.3 Other Collaboration Perspectives [Seite 394]
40.6 - 5 Conclusion and Proposed Practices [Seite 395]
40.7 - References [Seite 396]
41 - The 'Place' that Shows the Title of a TV Series: What to Name It and How It Has Evolved [Seite 397]
41.1 - Abstract [Seite 397]
41.2 - 1 The 'Place' that Shows the Title: What to Name It [Seite 397]
41.3 - 2 The 'Place' that Shows the Title: How It Has Evolved [Seite 400]
41.4 - 3 Final Remarks [Seite 405]
41.5 - Acknowledgments [Seite 405]
41.6 - References [Seite 406]
42 - Communication Design and Medical Procedures: Inform Citizens to Act in Emergency Situations [Seite 408]
42.1 - Abstract [Seite 408]
42.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 408]
42.3 - 2 Design Project: Development of Communication Media to Inform Citizens to Act in Emergencies [Seite 409]
42.3.1 - 2.1 Definition of Requirements [Seite 409]
42.3.2 - 2.2 Definition of Materials [Seite 410]
42.3.3 - 2.3 Design and Prototyping [Seite 410]
42.3.4 - 2.4 Evaluation [Seite 415]
42.4 - 3 Conclusion [Seite 416]
42.5 - Acknowledgments [Seite 417]
42.6 - References [Seite 417]
43 - Color and Interaction in Journalistic Infographics: The Case of Online Portuguese Media [Seite 418]
43.1 - Abstract [Seite 418]
43.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 418]
43.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 419]
43.4 - 3 Case Study [Seite 420]
43.5 - 4 Critical Assessment of Results [Seite 424]
43.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 425]
43.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 426]
43.8 - References [Seite 426]
44 - Information Design in Presentation, Interpretation and Dissemination of Natural and Cultural Heritage [Seite 427]
44.1 - Abstract [Seite 427]
44.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 427]
44.3 - 2 Heritage Presentation, Interpretation and Promotion [Seite 428]
44.4 - 3 Information Design in Heritage Information Developing [Seite 431]
44.4.1 - 3.1 Examples of Information Design in Interpretation, Presentation and Dissemination of Heritage [Seite 432]
44.5 - 4 Results [Seite 434]
44.6 - 5 Final Remarks [Seite 435]
44.7 - References [Seite 435]
45 - Virtual Reality [Seite 438]
46 - Evaluation of Behavioral Compliance with Safety Warnings at Different Levels of Cognitive Load in Warehouses [Seite 439]
46.1 - Abstract [Seite 439]
46.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 439]
46.3 - 2 Method [Seite 440]
46.3.1 - 2.1 Participants [Seite 440]
46.3.2 - 2.2 Apparatus [Seite 441]
46.3.3 - 2.3 Virtual Environment [Seite 441]
46.3.4 - 2.4 The Warnings [Seite 441]
46.3.5 - 2.5 Procedure [Seite 441]
46.4 - 3 Results [Seite 444]
46.5 - 4 Discussion and Conclusions [Seite 446]
46.6 - Acknowledgements [Seite 446]
46.7 - References [Seite 446]
47 - Locomotion-in-Place and Teleport: Which Is the Best Technique to Be Used in Human Behavior Research Using Virtual Reality? [Seite 448]
47.1 - Abstract [Seite 448]
47.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 448]
47.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 449]
47.3.1 - 2.1 Experiment [Seite 450]
47.3.2 - 2.2 Virtual Environment [Seite 451]
47.3.3 - 2.3 Experiment Design [Seite 452]
47.3.4 - 2.4 Procedures [Seite 452]
47.3.5 - 2.5 Questionnaires [Seite 453]
47.4 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 453]
47.4.1 - 3.1 Cognitive Maps [Seite 453]
47.4.2 - 3.2 Collisions [Seite 455]
47.4.3 - 3.3 Survey Results on Presence and Usability [Seite 455]
47.5 - 4 Conclusions and Future Work [Seite 456]
47.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 457]
47.7 - References [Seite 457]
48 - Openness Feeling on Height Direction in High Ceiling Room and Bending Pattern of Leading Passage [Seite 458]
48.1 - Abstract [Seite 458]
48.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 458]
48.3 - 2 Methods [Seite 459]
48.3.1 - 2.1 Experimental Condition [Seite 459]
48.3.2 - 2.2 Experimental Procedure [Seite 460]
48.4 - 3 Results [Seite 461]
48.5 - 4 Discussion [Seite 462]
48.6 - 5 Conclusions [Seite 462]
48.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 462]
48.8 - References [Seite 463]
49 - Exploratory Study to Investigate the Influence of a Third Person on an Individual Emergency Wayfinding Decision [Seite 464]
49.1 - Abstract [Seite 464]
49.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 464]
49.3 - 2 Method [Seite 466]
49.3.1 - 2.1 Study Design [Seite 466]
49.3.2 - 2.2 Participants [Seite 467]
49.3.3 - 2.3 Experimental Settings [Seite 467]
49.3.4 - 2.4 Virtual Environment (VE) [Seite 468]
49.3.5 - 2.5 Experimental Task [Seite 469]
49.3.6 - 2.6 Procedure [Seite 469]
49.4 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 470]
49.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 472]
49.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 473]
49.7 - References [Seite 473]
50 - How Deep Is a Virtual Reality Experience? Virtual Environments, Emotions and Physiological Measures [Seite 474]
50.1 - Abstract [Seite 474]
50.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 474]
50.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 475]
50.3.1 - 2.1 Sample [Seite 475]
50.3.2 - 2.2 Immersive Virtual Environments [Seite 476]
50.3.3 - 2.3 Measures and Analysis [Seite 477]
50.3.4 - 2.4 Objectives [Seite 478]
50.3.5 - 2.5 Procedures [Seite 478]
50.3.6 - 2.6 Evaluation Questionnaire [Seite 479]
50.3.7 - 2.7 Hardware [Seite 479]
50.4 - 3 Results [Seite 479]
50.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 481]
50.6 - References [Seite 482]
51 - Emotion Through Narrative: Validation for User Engagement in Game Context [Seite 484]
51.1 - Abstract [Seite 484]
51.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 484]
51.2.1 - 1.1 Goals [Seite 485]
51.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 486]
51.3.1 - 2.1 Participants [Seite 486]
51.3.2 - 2.2 The Visual Narrative [Seite 486]
51.3.3 - 2.3 Measures [Seite 489]
51.3.4 - 2.4 Procedures [Seite 489]
51.3.5 - 2.5 Results and Discussion [Seite 489]
51.4 - 3 Conclusion [Seite 493]
51.5 - Acknowledgements [Seite 493]
51.6 - References [Seite 493]
52 - Product and System Design [Seite 495]
53 - The Importance of Ergonomics in the Development of Sustainable Materials Applied to Footwear Design [Seite 496]
53.1 - Abstract [Seite 496]
53.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 496]
53.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 497]
53.3.1 - 2.1 Focus Group Analysis [Seite 498]
53.3.2 - 2.2 Design-Development of the Project [Seite 500]
53.3.3 - 2.3 Dynamics of Applied Methodology [Seite 500]
53.4 - 3 Conclusions [Seite 503]
53.5 - References [Seite 503]
54 - Effect of Body Weight of Wheelchair Care Recipient on Physical Activity Intensity of Assistant Person [Seite 505]
54.1 - Abstract [Seite 505]
54.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 505]
54.3 - 2 Purpose [Seite 506]
54.4 - 3 Method [Seite 506]
54.4.1 - 3.1 Measurement Equipment and Scale of Activity Amount [Seite 506]
54.4.2 - 3.2 Measurement Procedure [Seite 508]
54.4.3 - 3.3 Experimental Conditions [Seite 508]
54.5 - 4 Acquired Data [Seite 508]
54.6 - 5 Discussion [Seite 509]
54.6.1 - 5.1 Comparison of METs Values According to the Exhaled Breath Analyzer and Activity Meter [Seite 509]
54.6.2 - 5.2 Fluctuation of Mets Value Calculated from the Exhaled Breath Analyzer [Seite 511]
54.7 - 6 Conclusion and Future Prospects [Seite 511]
54.8 - References [Seite 512]
55 - Research on Body Pressure Distribution of Mattress for Different Genders [Seite 513]
55.1 - Abstract [Seite 513]
55.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 513]
55.3 - 2 Experiment [Seite 514]
55.3.1 - 2.1 Subjects [Seite 514]
55.3.2 - 2.2 Experimental Equipment [Seite 515]
55.3.3 - 2.3 Procedures [Seite 516]
55.3.4 - 2.4 Data Analysis [Seite 517]
55.4 - 3 Results [Seite 518]
55.4.1 - 3.1 Mean Pressure [Seite 518]
55.4.2 - 3.2 Mean Peak Pressure [Seite 520]
55.4.3 - 3.3 Mean Contact Area [Seite 521]
55.4.4 - 3.4 Subjective Score [Seite 522]
55.5 - 4 Discussion and Conclusion [Seite 523]
55.6 - Acknowledgements [Seite 523]
55.7 - References [Seite 524]
56 - Universal Design for Enhancing Accessibility of the Visually Impaired in Touristic Environments [Seite 525]
56.1 - Abstract [Seite 525]
56.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 525]
56.3 - 2 Methods [Seite 526]
56.3.1 - 2.1 Subjects [Seite 529]
56.3.2 - 2.2 Experimental Design [Seite 529]
56.4 - 3 Results [Seite 531]
56.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 532]
56.6 - References [Seite 532]
57 - Toothbrush Innovation Design Based on Man-Machine Engineering Research [Seite 533]
57.1 - Abstract [Seite 533]
57.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 533]
57.3 - 2 Ergonomics Analysis [Seite 534]
57.3.1 - 2.1 Human-Machine Configuration Analysis [Seite 534]
57.3.2 - 2.2 Man Machine Material Analysis [Seite 535]
57.3.3 - 2.3 Man-Machine Operation Analysis [Seite 535]
57.4 - 3 Innovative Design Based on Ergonomic Analysis [Seite 536]
57.4.1 - 3.1 Design Thinking [Seite 536]
57.4.2 - 3.2 Innovative Design Based on Ergonomic Analysis [Seite 536]
57.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 540]
57.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 541]
57.7 - References [Seite 541]
58 - Study on the Influence of BMI Difference on Pressure Distribution of Mattress [Seite 542]
58.1 - Abstract [Seite 542]
58.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 542]
58.3 - 2 Method [Seite 543]
58.3.1 - 2.1 Experimental Design [Seite 543]
58.3.2 - 2.2 Subject [Seite 543]
58.3.3 - 2.3 Apparatus [Seite 544]
58.3.4 - 2.4 Task and Procedure [Seite 545]
58.3.5 - 2.5 Data Analysis [Seite 545]
58.4 - 3 Results [Seite 546]
58.4.1 - 3.1 Differences [Seite 546]
58.4.2 - 3.2 Correlation [Seite 546]
58.4.3 - 3.3 Change Trend [Seite 547]
58.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 548]
58.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 548]
58.7 - References [Seite 548]
59 - A JACK-Based Ergonomic Analysis and Design of the Cockpit of Agricultural Material Handling Vehicle [Seite 549]
59.1 - Abstract [Seite 549]
59.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 549]
59.3 - 2 An Ergonomic Analysis and Optimization Method of the Cockpit of Material Handling Vehicle [Seite 550]
59.4 - 3 Ergonomic Simulation of Cockpit of Material Handling Vehicle [Seite 551]
59.4.1 - 3.1 Establishment of Cockpit Simulation Model [Seite 551]
59.4.2 - 3.2 Establishment of Driver Human Model [Seite 552]
59.4.3 - 3.3 Driving Posture Arrangement [Seite 553]
59.4.4 - 3.4 Ergonomic Simulation and Analysis of Cockpit of Material Handling Vehicle [Seite 554]
59.5 - 4 Optimal Cockpit Design [Seite 558]
59.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 560]
59.7 - Acknowledgements [Seite 561]
59.8 - References [Seite 561]
60 - Research on Comfort of Mattresses with Different Hardness Based on Body Pressure Distribution [Seite 562]
60.1 - Abstract [Seite 562]
60.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 562]
60.3 - 2 Method [Seite 563]
60.3.1 - 2.1 Experimental Design [Seite 563]
60.3.2 - 2.2 Subject [Seite 563]
60.3.3 - 2.3 Apparatus [Seite 564]
60.3.4 - 2.4 Task and Procedure [Seite 565]
60.3.5 - 2.5 Data Analysis [Seite 565]
60.4 - 3 Results [Seite 567]
60.4.1 - 3.1 Hardness Rating [Seite 567]
60.4.2 - 3.2 Pressure [Seite 568]
60.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 570]
60.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 570]
60.7 - References [Seite 571]
61 - Cultural Aspects in Design and City Planning [Seite 572]
62 - Built Environment Preservation: A Process of Ergonomic Design [Seite 573]
62.1 - Abstract [Seite 573]
62.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 573]
62.3 - 2 Fire Outbreaks in Portugal: A Brief Timeline [Seite 574]
62.4 - 3 The Fire at Oleiros in 2017 [Seite 575]
62.5 - 4 Methodological Steps [Seite 576]
62.6 - 5 Villages, Houses, Typologies and Materials [Seite 578]
62.7 - 6 Results and Conclusion [Seite 579]
62.8 - References [Seite 580]
63 - Lighting Design at Workplaces: What Should Be the Concerns for an Architect? [Seite 581]
63.1 - Abstract [Seite 581]
63.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 581]
63.3 - 2 Literature Review [Seite 582]
63.3.1 - 2.1 Biophilia [Seite 582]
63.3.2 - 2.2 Non-visual System [Seite 582]
63.3.3 - 2.3 Natural Versus Artificial Light [Seite 583]
63.3.4 - 2.4 Illuminance [Seite 583]
63.3.5 - 2.5 Workplace [Seite 584]
63.3.6 - 2.6 Lisbon [Seite 584]
63.4 - 3 Case Studies [Seite 584]
63.4.1 - 3.1 Camilo Castelo Branco Street, 4th Floor, Lisbon [Seite 584]
63.4.2 - 3.2 24th July Avenue, 3rd Floor, East and West Buildings, Lisbon [Seite 587]
63.5 - 4 Comparison Between the Case Studies [Seite 590]
63.6 - 5 Conclusions [Seite 591]
63.7 - 6 Discussion [Seite 591]
63.8 - References [Seite 592]
64 - Design for the Model of Shared Office Space Based on the Logic of Behavior: A Case Study of Chinese Users [Seite 594]
64.1 - Abstract [Seite 594]
64.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 594]
64.3 - 2 Analysis of User Behaviors [Seite 595]
64.3.1 - 2.1 Research on User Type [Seite 595]
64.3.2 - 2.2 Chinese User Behavior Orientation [Seite 596]
64.3.3 - 2.3 User Motivation [Seite 596]
64.3.4 - 2.4 Task Flow Determination [Seite 597]
64.4 - 3 Shared Office Space Design Model [Seite 599]
64.4.1 - 3.1 Environmental Psychology and Scene Theory [Seite 599]
64.4.2 - 3.2 Shared Office Space Design Model [Seite 600]
64.5 - 4 Shared Office Space Facility Layout [Seite 601]
64.5.1 - 4.1 Space Equipment Determination and Optimization Design [Seite 601]
64.5.2 - 4.2 Equipment Space Layout Planning [Seite 601]
64.6 - 5 Jack Evaluation [Seite 603]
64.6.1 - 5.1 Establishment of Virtual Person and Device Model [Seite 603]
64.6.2 - 5.2 Simulation and Comprehensive Evaluation [Seite 606]
64.7 - 6 Conclusion [Seite 606]
64.8 - References [Seite 606]
65 - The Italic Style: Understanding the Shape Through History [Seite 607]
65.1 - Abstract [Seite 607]
65.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 607]
65.3 - 2 Historical Writing Systems and Styles [Seite 608]
65.4 - 3 The Italic Style, Understanding the Shape Through History [Seite 609]
65.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 616]
65.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 617]
65.7 - References [Seite 617]
66 - Graphic Design and Cinema: Portuguese Movie Posters from the Nouvelle Vague Period [Seite 619]
66.1 - Abstract [Seite 619]
66.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 619]
66.3 - 2 Nouvelle Vague Cinema [Seite 620]
66.3.1 - 2.1 Portuguese Nouvelle Vague Cinema [Seite 620]
66.4 - 3 The Poster: Paths and Technologies [Seite 621]
66.4.1 - 3.1 The Poster in Portugal [Seite 621]
66.4.2 - 3.2 The Movie Poster [Seite 622]
66.4.3 - 3.3 The Nouvelle Vague Movie Poster [Seite 624]
66.4.4 - 3.4 The Portuguese Nouvelle Vague Poster [Seite 624]
66.4.5 - 3.4 The Portuguese Nouvelle Vague Poster [Seite 624]
66.5 - 4 The New Cinema Poster in Portugal: Analysis and Characteristics [Seite 625]
66.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 629]
66.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 630]
66.8 - References [Seite 630]
67 - At Hand, the Brain of Men [Seite 631]
67.1 - Abstract [Seite 631]
67.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 631]
67.3 - 2 The Hand, from Yesterday [Seite 632]
67.4 - 3 The Brain of Today [Seite 634]
67.5 - 4 The Man, Tomorrow [Seite 635]
67.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 636]
67.7 - References [Seite 636]
68 - Exploring Design Requirements of Outdoor Fitness Equipment for Young People [Seite 638]
68.1 - Abstract [Seite 638]
68.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 638]
68.3 - 2 Outdoor Physical Activity and Outdoor Fitness Equipment [Seite 639]
68.4 - 3 Methodology [Seite 640]
68.5 - 4 Results [Seite 641]
68.5.1 - 4.1 Activity Levels of Participants [Seite 642]
68.5.2 - 4.2 Young People's Needs Regarding Outdoor Physical Activity [Seite 642]
68.5.2.1 - 4.2.1 Personal Needs [Seite 642]
68.5.2.2 - 4.2.2 Social Setting Needs [Seite 643]
68.5.2.3 - 4.2.3 Practical Needs [Seite 644]
68.6 - 5 Discussion [Seite 645]
68.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 647]
68.8 - References [Seite 647]
69 - Design Ergonomics for Human Beings and Wild Animals in Densely Populated Cities: A Design Case in Hong Kong Country Parks [Seite 650]
69.1 - Abstract [Seite 650]
69.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 650]
69.3 - 2 Method [Seite 651]
69.3.1 - 2.1 Field Visits [Seite 651]
69.3.2 - 2.2 Interviews [Seite 652]
69.4 - 3 Findings [Seite 653]
69.4.1 - 3.1 Current Issues [Seite 653]
69.4.2 - 3.2 Interviews [Seite 653]
69.4.3 - 3.3 Proposed Design Solution [Seite 655]
69.5 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 656]
69.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 656]
69.7 - References [Seite 656]
70 - Research on Guiding Sign Ergonomic Setting Based on Visual Sensitivity in Long and Narrow Passageway [Seite 658]
70.1 - Abstract [Seite 658]
70.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 658]
70.3 - 2 Experiment [Seite 659]
70.3.1 - 2.1 Experimental Material [Seite 659]
70.3.2 - 2.2 Experimental Environment [Seite 660]
70.3.3 - 2.3 Participants [Seite 660]
70.3.4 - 2.4 Procedures [Seite 661]
70.3.5 - 2.5 Data Analysis [Seite 662]
70.4 - 3 Results [Seite 662]
70.4.1 - 3.1 The Result of the Impact of Height on Angle Value [Seite 662]
70.4.2 - 3.2 The Result of the Impact of Distance on Angle Value [Seite 663]
70.4.3 - 3.3 The Suitable View Angle of the Guiding Sign [Seite 663]
70.5 - 4 Discussion and Conclusion [Seite 664]
70.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 665]
70.7 - References [Seite 665]
71 - The Application of Ergonomics of the Built Environment in Architectural Projects as a Benefit for the Hearing Impaired [Seite 666]
71.1 - Abstract [Seite 666]
71.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 666]
71.3 - 2 Universal Design and Accessibility [Seite 667]
71.4 - 3 Assessment Methods in Design of the Built Environment [Seite 669]
71.5 - 4 A Deaf Space Methodology [Seite 670]
71.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 671]
71.7 - References [Seite 671]
72 - Design Applications [Seite 673]
73 - A Synthesis of Sociotechnical Principles for System Design [Seite 674]
73.1 - Abstract [Seite 674]
73.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 675]
73.2.1 - 1.1 Background and Context [Seite 675]
73.3 - 2 Rationale for the Design of STS Principles [Seite 676]
73.4 - 3 Method [Seite 680]
73.5 - 4 Synthesised Principles for Sociotechnical Systems Design [Seite 681]
73.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 682]
73.7 - Acknowledgements [Seite 683]
73.8 - References [Seite 683]
74 - Cut Me Off: An Exploratory Study About How the User Perceives the Information of Clothes Textile Labels [Seite 686]
74.1 - Abstract [Seite 686]
74.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 686]
74.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 688]
74.4 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 689]
74.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 690]
74.6 - References [Seite 691]
75 - Ergonomic Research in Civil Aircraft External Service Design [Seite 692]
75.1 - Abstract [Seite 692]
75.2 - 1 Review [Seite 692]
75.3 - 2 General Layout and Ergonomic Design of External Service [Seite 692]
75.4 - 3 Accessibility Design [Seite 693]
75.4.1 - 3.1 Height Design of Service Interface [Seite 694]
75.4.2 - 3.2 Operation Task Accessibility Design [Seite 695]
75.4.3 - 3.3 Visual Accessibility Design [Seite 696]
75.4.4 - 3.4 Operation Convenience Design [Seite 697]
75.5 - 4 Error Prevention Design [Seite 698]
75.6 - 5 Operation Safety Evaluation and Design [Seite 698]
75.7 - 6 Summarize [Seite 699]
75.8 - References [Seite 700]
76 - Design for Children - Ergonomics in a Ceramic Tile's Project [Seite 701]
76.1 - Abstract [Seite 701]
76.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 701]
76.3 - 2 The Study [Seite 702]
76.3.1 - 2.1 Method and Aim [Seite 702]
76.3.2 - 2.2 Results [Seite 703]
76.4 - 3 Conclusions [Seite 707]
76.5 - Acknowledgments [Seite 707]
76.6 - References [Seite 707]
77 - Graphic-Semantic Expressions Map: A New Tool on Design Teaching [Seite 709]
77.1 - Abstract [Seite 709]
77.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 709]
77.3 - 2 Problem [Seite 710]
77.4 - 3 Design Process [Seite 710]
77.5 - 4 Graphic-Semantic Expression Map [Seite 711]
77.5.1 - 4.1 How It Works [Seite 712]
77.6 - 5 Conclusions [Seite 718]
77.7 - References [Seite 719]
78 - Research on Ergonomic Design and Evaluation of Office Backrest Curve [Seite 720]
78.1 - Abstract [Seite 720]
78.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 720]
78.3 - 2 Questionnaire [Seite 722]
78.3.1 - 2.1 Subjects [Seite 722]
78.3.2 - 2.2 Question Setting [Seite 722]
78.3.3 - 2.3 The Result of the Investigation [Seite 722]
78.3.3.1 - 2.3.1 Discomfort Analysis [Seite 722]
78.3.3.2 - 2.3.2 Causes of Discomfort in Headrest Design [Seite 724]
78.4 - 3 Experiment [Seite 725]
78.4.1 - 3.1 Participants [Seite 725]
78.4.2 - 3.2 Equipment [Seite 725]
78.4.3 - 3.3 Spinal Measurement [Seite 725]
78.4.4 - 3.4 Office Chair Backrest Measurement [Seite 726]
78.4.5 - 3.5 Data Analysis [Seite 727]
78.4.5.1 - 3.5.1 Fitting of Human Spine Curve and Office Chair Back [Seite 727]
78.5 - 4 Conclusion and Discussion [Seite 728]
78.6 - Acknowledgments [Seite 729]
78.7 - References [Seite 729]
79 - Assessment of Portuguese Firefighters' Needs: Preliminary Results of a Pilot Study [Seite 730]
79.1 - Abstract [Seite 730]
79.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 730]
79.2.1 - 1.1 Portuguese Firefighters' PPE Study [Seite 731]
79.3 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 731]
79.3.1 - 2.1 Data Collection [Seite 732]
79.3.2 - 2.2 Data Analysis [Seite 732]
79.4 - 3 Results [Seite 732]
79.4.1 - 3.1 Demographic Information [Seite 732]
79.4.2 - 3.2 Turnout Gear Selection [Seite 733]
79.4.3 - 3.3 Turnout Gear Protection Level [Seite 733]
79.4.4 - 3.4 Turnout Coat Fit Issues [Seite 734]
79.4.5 - 3.5 Turnout Pants Fit Issues [Seite 736]
79.5 - 4 Discussion [Seite 737]
79.5.1 - 4.1 Turnout Ensemble Sizing [Seite 737]
79.5.2 - 4.2 Turnout Ensemble Fit [Seite 737]
79.5.3 - 4.3 Gear Fabrics [Seite 738]
79.5.4 - 4.4 Turnout Gear Maintenance [Seite 738]
79.5.5 - 4.5 Personal Hygiene [Seite 739]
79.5.6 - 4.6 Study Limitations [Seite 739]
79.6 - 5 Final Considerations [Seite 740]
79.7 - Acknowledgments [Seite 740]
79.8 - References [Seite 740]
80 - "Possible But Improbable Spaces": From Interior Design Experience to Jewellery Creation [Seite 742]
80.1 - Abstract [Seite 742]
80.2 - 1 Genesis of the Project [Seite 742]
80.3 - 2 Project Methodology [Seite 749]
80.4 - 3 Conclusive Synthesis [Seite 749]
80.5 - References [Seite 750]
81 - Service Mapping: Case Study of University Waste Management System [Seite 751]
81.1 - Abstract [Seite 751]
81.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 751]
81.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 752]
81.3.1 - 2.1 Product-Service-System (PSS) [Seite 752]
81.3.2 - 2.2 Ergonomics in PSS [Seite 752]
81.4 - 3 Mapping [Seite 753]
81.4.1 - 3.1 Current System [Seite 753]
81.4.2 - 3.2 Problems Identified [Seite 754]
81.5 - 4 Co-created Action Plan [Seite 757]
81.5.1 - 4.1 System's Reconfiguration [Seite 757]
81.5.2 - 4.2 Building Trust [Seite 757]
81.5.3 - 4.3 Feasibility [Seite 758]
81.6 - 5 Discussion [Seite 759]
81.7 - 6 Conclusion [Seite 760]
81.8 - References [Seite 760]
82 - Current Theoretical Developments and Applications of Fitts' Law: A Literature Review [Seite 762]
82.1 - Abstract [Seite 762]
82.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 762]
82.3 - 2 Methods [Seite 763]
82.4 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 763]
82.4.1 - 3.1 The Discussion of Fitts' Law [Seite 763]
82.4.2 - 3.2 The Extensions of Fitts' Law [Seite 764]
82.4.3 - 3.3 The Applications of Fitts' Law [Seite 765]
82.5 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 766]
82.6 - References [Seite 767]
83 - On Girls Bra Design for the Demand of User [Seite 770]
83.1 - Abstract [Seite 770]
83.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 770]
83.3 - 2 Research Status of Girls Bra [Seite 771]
83.4 - 3 Research Method [Seite 771]
83.4.1 - 3.1 Extraction of Influencing Factors [Seite 771]
83.4.2 - 3.2 Questionnaire Design [Seite 773]
83.4.3 - 3.3 Basic Information of Research Subjects [Seite 773]
83.5 - 4 Discussion and Analysis [Seite 773]
83.5.1 - 4.1 Reliability and Validity of Questionnaires [Seite 773]
83.5.2 - 4.2 Weight Ratio Analysis of Bra Demand Factor for Girls [Seite 773]
83.5.3 - 4.3 Research Results and Analysis of Weights of Factors [Seite 774]
83.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 776]
83.7 - References [Seite 777]
84 - Effects of Playing Surface on Physiological Responses and Performance Variables of Hockey Players [Seite 778]
84.1 - Abstract [Seite 778]
84.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 778]
84.3 - 2 Aims and Objectives of the Study [Seite 779]
84.3.1 - 2.1 Hypotheses of the Study [Seite 779]
84.3.2 - 2.2 Method and Procedure [Seite 779]
84.3.3 - 2.3 Results and Discussion [Seite 780]
84.4 - 3 Conclusion [Seite 782]
84.5 - References [Seite 782]
85 - Role of Postural Control Exercises and Pelvic Floor Strengthening Exercises on Chronic Low Back Pain of Women with Sitting Jobs [Seite 784]
85.1 - Abstract [Seite 784]
85.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 784]
85.2.1 - 1.1 Need of the Study [Seite 785]
85.2.2 - 1.2 Aim of the Study [Seite 785]
85.2.3 - 1.3 Objective of the Study [Seite 786]
85.2.4 - 1.4 Hypothesis [Seite 786]
85.3 - 2 Review of Literature [Seite 786]
85.4 - 3 Methodology [Seite 786]
85.4.1 - 3.1 Procedure [Seite 787]
85.4.2 - 3.2 Dependent Variables [Seite 787]
85.4.3 - 3.3 Independent Variable [Seite 787]
85.5 - 4 Results [Seite 787]
85.6 - 5 Discussion [Seite 789]
85.7 - 6 Conclusion [Seite 790]
85.8 - References [Seite 790]
86 - The Role of Organizational Factors in Development and Progression of Wrist Disorders: Psychosocial Aspects [Seite 792]
86.1 - Abstract [Seite 792]
86.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 792]
86.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 795]
86.3.1 - 2.1 Identification of Workplaces and Subjects [Seite 795]
86.3.2 - 2.2 Survey on Different Psychosocial Factors and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) [Seite 795]
86.4 - 3 Results [Seite 796]
86.4.1 - 3.1 Demographic Data [Seite 796]
86.4.2 - 3.2 Work Sectors and Activities [Seite 796]
86.4.3 - 3.3 PCA [Seite 797]
86.5 - 4 Discussion [Seite 800]
86.6 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 801]
86.7 - References [Seite 802]
87 - Developing a Framework that Can Assist Designers to Identify and Incorporate Notable Cultural Elements into Products Designed for Tourists [Seite 803]
87.1 - Abstract [Seite 803]
87.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 803]
87.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 805]
87.3.1 - 2.1 Phase 1: Extracting Cultural Elements from Tourists [Seite 805]
87.3.2 - 2.2 Phase 2: Categorizing the Cultural Elements Using Card Sort [Seite 806]
87.3.3 - 2.3 Participants Demographics [Seite 806]
87.4 - 3 Results and Discussions [Seite 807]
87.5 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 812]
87.6 - References [Seite 813]
88 - Design Interventions of an Exergame for Fall Problem in Indian Older Adults [Seite 814]
88.1 - Abstract [Seite 814]
88.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 814]
88.3 - 2 Methodology [Seite 816]
88.3.1 - 2.1 Participants and Selection Criteria of the Study [Seite 816]
88.3.2 - 2.2 Experiment and Interview Process [Seite 816]
88.3.3 - 2.3 Exergame Design Process [Seite 816]
88.4 - 3 Findings, Design Modifications and Recommendations [Seite 818]
88.4.1 - 3.1 Findings from the Pilot Studies [Seite 818]
88.4.2 - 3.2 Design Modification [Seite 821]
88.4.3 - 3.3 Design Recommendations [Seite 822]
88.5 - 4 Discussion [Seite 822]
88.6 - Acknowledgements [Seite 823]
88.7 - References [Seite 823]
89 - A Re-look into the Information in Multimedia Design and Animation Theme Presentation [Seite 825]
89.1 - Abstract [Seite 825]
89.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 825]
89.3 - 2 The Objective [Seite 826]
89.4 - 3 Experiments: Theme Based [Seite 826]
89.5 - 4 Setting up the Experiment: Planning and Conducting Survey [Seite 826]
89.6 - 5 The Context of Interactivity [Seite 826]
89.7 - 6 Sample Size [Seite 827]
89.8 - 7 Identification of Students' Segment and Respondent Profiling [Seite 827]
89.9 - 8 Administration of the Test for the Focus Group [Seite 828]
89.10 - 9 Summary of Responses of Focus Group Study [Seite 828]
89.11 - 10 Some Observations on the Methodology and Its Limitation [Seite 829]
89.12 - 11 Conclusion [Seite 830]
89.13 - References [Seite 830]
90 - Author Index [Seite 831]
