Dynamic Fracture

ContentsPreface1.Introduction 1.1 Pressurized Thermal Shock in Nuclear Containment Vessels 1.2 Boiler and Pipeline Burst Problems 1.3 Dynamic Fracture in Airplane Structures 1.4 Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials2. Linear Elastodynamics 2.1 Fundamental Boundary-Initial Value Problems in Elastodynamics 2.2 Bulk Waves 2.3 Lame¿ Solution 2.4 Plane Waves 2.5 Propagation of Discontinuities: Wavefronts and Rays 2.6 Two-Dimensional Problems in Elastodynamics 2.6.1 Anti-Plane Shear 2.6.2 Plane Strain 2.6.3 Plane Stress 2.7 Surface Waves 2.8 Half-Space Green's Functions 2.9 Lamb's Problem 3. Dynamic Crack Tip Fields 3.1 Dynamically Loaded Cracks 3.2 Asymptotic Analysis of Crack Tip Fields 3.2.1 Anti-Plane Shear 3.2.2 In-Plane Symmetric Deformation 3.2.3 In-Plane Antisymmetric Deformation 3.3 Asymptotic Analysis for Nonsteady Crack Growth 3.4 Intersonic Crack Growth4. Determination of Dynamic Stress Intensity Factors 4.1 Analysis of Stationary Cracks Under Dynamic Loading 4.1.1 Semi-Infinite Crack Under Uniform Loading 4.1.2 Semi-Infinite Crack Under a Point Load 4.2 Analysis of Moving Crack Problems 4.2.1 The Yoffe Problem 4.2.2 Dynamic Stress Intensity Factors for Moving Cracks5. Energy Balance and Fracture Criteria 5.1 Energy Balance Equation 5.2 Dynamic Failure Criterion 5.3 Dynamic Crack Initiation Toughness 5.4 Dynamic Crack Growth Toughness 5.5 Dynamic Crack Arrest Toughness 5.6 Application of Dynamic Failure Criteria6. Methods of Generating Dynamic Loading 6.1 Static Loading of Cracks 6.2 Drop-Weight Tower and Instrumented Impact Testing 6.3 Projectile Impact 6.4 Hopkinson Bar Impact Test 6.5 Explosives 6.6 Electromagnetic Loading7. Measurement of Crack Speed 7.1 Wallner Lines 7.2 Stress Wave Fractography 7.3 Electrical Resistance Methods 7.4 High-Speed Photography8. Crack Tip Stress and Deformation Field Measurement 8.1 Jones Calculus 8.2 Photoelasticity 8.2.1 Evaluation of the Dynamic Stress Intensity Factor using Photoelasticity 8.3 Method of Caustics 8.3.2 Caustic in Reflection 8.3.3 Mixed-mode Caustics 8.3.4 Limitations on the Applicability of the Method of Caustics 8.4 Lateral Shearing Interferometry 8.4.1 Evaluation of the Dynamic Stress Intensity Factor using Shearing Interferometry 8.5 Strain Gages 8.6 Interferometry References9. Dominance of the Asymptotic Field 9.1 Stationary Cracks 9.2 Propagating Cracks 9.3 Dominance of the Asymptotic Field for Propagating Cracks10. Dynamic Fracture Criteria 10.1 Criteria for Crack Initiation 10.1.1 Initiation of Cracks Under Short Duration Stress Pulses 10.1.2 Loading Rate and Temperature Dependence of Crack Initiation Toughness 10.2 Dynamic Crack Arrest Criterion 10.2.1 Development of the Crack Arrest Criterion 10.2.2 ASTM Standard Method for Crack Arrest 10.2.3 Application of the Crack Arrest Criterion 10.3 Dynamic Crack Growth Criterion 10.3.1 Crack Growth Toughness in Nominally Brittle Materials 10.3.2 Crack Growth Toughness in Ductile Materials11. Physical Aspects of Dynamic Fracture 11.1 Limiting Crack Speed 11.2 Fracture Surface Roughness 11.2.1 Real-Time Observations of Multiple Crack Fronts 11.2.2 Fast Fracture Surfaces in Polymethylmethacrylate 11.2.3 Origin of the Microcracks 11.2.4 Geometry of the Conic Markings 11.2.5 Statistics of Microcracks in PMMA 11.2.6 Growth of Microcracks 11.2.7 Solithane 113 11.2.8 Polycarbonate 11.2.9 Homalite-100 11.3 Crack Branching 12. Phenomenological Models of Dynamic Fracture 12.