Basic Principles of an Operating System

Name: Basic Principles of an Operating System | Learn the Internals and Design Principles
Brand: De Gruyter
Price: 14.49 EUR
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Learn the Internals and Design Principles

Dr. Priyanka Rathee(Author)

De Gruyter (Publisher)

1st Edition

Published on 24. January 2019

329 pages

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978-93-88511-00-1 (ISBN)

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Content

Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgement
About the Author
Table of Contents
1. Introduction and Structure of Operating System
1.1 What is Operating System?
1.2 History of Evolution of Operating System
1.3 Operating System Environments
1.4 Operating System Components and Goals
1.4.1 Core Operating System Components
1.4.2 Operating System Goals
1.5 Operating System Architecture
1.5.1 Monolithic Architecture
1.5.2 Layered Architecture
1.5.3 Microkernel Architecture
1.6 Hardware and Software Concepts
1.6.1 Evolution of Hardware Devices
1.6.2 Hardware Components
1.6.3 Hardware support for operating systems
1.6.4 Software Overview
Review Questions
2. Operating System Services
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Application Programming Interface
2.3 Compiling, Linking, and Loading
2.4 Key Terminologies
2.5 Operating System Design and Implementation
2.5.1 Design Issues
2.5.2 Design Policies and Mechanisms
2.5.3 Operating System Implementation
2.6 Types of Operating System
2.6.1 Batch Processing System/Sequential Processing
2.6.2 Multiprogramming Operating System
2.6.3 Time-sharing and Multitasking Operating System
2.6.4 Real-time Systems
2.6.5 Distributed Operating System
2.6.6 Multiprocessor System/ Parallel or Tight Coupling System
2.7 CPU Modes
2.7.1 Basic Features of Operating System Services
2.7.2 Process Management
2.8 System Calls
2.8.1 Types of System Calls
2.9 System Programs
2.10 Interrupts
2.10.1 Interrupt Processing
2.10.2 Types of Interrupt
Review Questions
3. Process Management
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Process Control Blocks/Process Descriptors
3.1.2 Process Operations
3.1.3 Context Switching
3.1.4 RPC and Client-Server Systems
3.2 Process States: Life Cycle of a Process
3.2.1 Process State Models
3.2.2 Process State Transitions
3.3 FORK() System Call
3.4 Process Scheduling
3.4.1 Scheduling Queues
3.4.2 Scheduler
3.5 Scheduling Techniques/Algorithms
3.5.1 Preemptive & Non-Preemptive Scheduling
3.5.2 First Come First Serve (FCFS) Scheduling Algorithm
3.5.3 Shortest Job First (SJF) Scheduling Algorithm
3.5.4 Shortest Remaining Time First (SJF-preemptive)
3.5.5 Longest Job First (LJF) Scheduling Algorithm
3.5.6 Round Robin Scheduling Algorithm
3.5.7 Priority Scheduling Algorithm
3.5.8 Multilevel Queue Scheduling Algorithm
3.5.9 Multilevel Feedback Queue Scheduling Algorithm
3.5.10 Highest Response Ratio First Algorithm
3.6 Thread Concepts
3.6.1 Process and Threads
3.7 Thread Operations
3.7.1 Types of Thread
3.8 Multithreading Model
3.9 Threading Issues
3.9.1 Fork() and exec System Call
3.9.2 Thread Cancellation
3.9.3 Signal Handling
3.9.4 Thread Pools
3.9.5 Thread-specific Data
Review Questions
4. Inter Process Communication and Process Synchronization
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Key Terms to Understand Synchronization
4.2.1 Critical Section
4.2.2 Mutual Exclusion
4.2.3 Synchronization
4.3 Conditions to Achieve Synchronization
4.4 Peterson Solution of Critical Section Problem
4.5 Modern Tool of Synchronization-Semaphore
4.5.1 Binary Semaphore
4.5.2 Counting Semaphore
4.6 Hardware Implementation of Synchronization
4.7 Monitors
4.8 Interprocess Communication
4.8.1 Inter-process Communication Mechanisms/Models
4.9 Classical IPC Problems
4.9.1 Producer-Consumer Problem
4.9.2 Reader-writer Problem for Synchronization
4.9.3 Dining Philosopher Problem
Review Questions
5. Deadlock
5.1 Definition of Deadlock
5.2 Conditions to Occur Deadlock Deadlock Characterization
5.3 Methods for Handling Deadlock
5.3.1 Deadlock Prevention
5.3.2 Deadlock Detection and Recovery
5.3.3 Deadlock Recovery
5.3.4 Deadlock Avoidance
Review Questions
6. Memory Organization and Management
6.1 Background
6.2 Memory Organization
6.3 Memory Management Strategies
6.4 Memory Placement Strategies
6.4.1 First Fit Strategy
6.4.2 Best Fit Strategy
6.4.3 Worst Fit Strategy
6.4.4 Next Fit Strategy
6.5 Memory Allocation
6.5.1 Fixed Partition Multiprogramming
6.5.2 Variable Partition Multiprogramming
6.5.3 Compaction
6.6 Paging
6.6.1 Structure of Page Table
6.6.2 Hardware Support for Paging
6.6.3 Drawback of Paging
6.7 Segmentation
6.8 Segmentation involving Paging (Segmented Paging)
Review Questions
7. Virtual Memory Organization
7.1 Background
7.2 Concept of Virtual Memory
7.2.1 Virtual Addresses to Real Address Mapping
7.3 Demand Paging
7.3.1 Page Fault
7.3.2 Dirty Bit or Modified Bit
7.4 Multilevel Paging
7.5 Inverted Paging
7.6 Page Replacement Algorithm
7.6.1 First in First Out (FIFO)
7.6.2 Optimal Page Replacement Algorithm
7.6.3 Least Recently used (LRU) Page Replacement Algorithm
7.7 Thrashing
7.7.1 Locality of Reference
7.7.2 Working Set Model
Review Questions
8. File System Organization and Implementation
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Function of File Systems
8.1.2 File Operations
8.1.3 File Attributes
8.1.4 File Management
8.2 Access methods or file organization
8.2.1 Sequential Access
8.2.2 Direct Access
8.2.3 Indexed
8.3 Directory structure
8.3.1 Operations Performed on Directory
8.3.2 Logical Structures of Directory
8.4 File System Structure
8.5 File Allocation Methods
8.5.1 Contiguous File Allocation
8.5.2 Linked List File Allocation
8.5.3 Tabular File Allocation
8.5.4 Indexed File Allocation
8.6 UNIX i-node Implementation
8.7 Free Space Management in the Disk
8.7.1 Bit Vector
8.7.2 Linked List
8.7.3 Grouping
8.7.4 Counting
Review Questions
9. Secondary Storage Structure
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Basic Terminologies
9.2 Disk Structure
9.2.1 Disk Attachment
9.3 Disk Management
9.3.1 Disk Formatting
9.3.2 Boot Block
9.3.3 Bad Blocks
9.3.4 Swap Space Management
9.4 Disk Scheduling Algorithms
9.4.1 First Some First Serve
9.4.2 Shortest Seek Time First
9.4.3 SCAN (Elevator Disk Scheduling)
9.4.4 C-SCAN
9.4.5 LOOK Scheduling
9.4.6 C-LOOK (Circular LOOK scan)
9.4.7 Last in first out (LIFO)
Review Questions
10. Protection and Security
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Protection
10.2.1 Goals of Protection
10.2.2 Protection domain
10.2.3 Access Matrix
10.2.4 Access Control
10.3 Security
10.3.1 Security Levels
10.3.2 Authentication and Authorization
10.4 Threats to Operating System
10.4.1 Program Threats
10.4.2 System Threats
10.4.3 Difference between Virus, Worm, and Trojan Horse
10.5 Threat Monitoring
10.5.1 Firewall
10.5.2 Encryption
Review Questions
11. Case Study
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 History of UNIX
11.1.2 Features of UNIX Operating System
11.2 UNIX Architecture
11.3 UNIX File System and Shell Programming
11.3.1 UNIX File System Organization
11.3.2 UNIX File Permissions
11.3.3 File Modes
11.3.4 User Masking
11.3.5 Change Owner
11.3.6 UNIX Linked Files
11.3.7 UNIX Commands and Redirections
11.4 Elementary UNIX/LINUX Commands
11.4.1 UNIX File Colors
11.4.2 UNIX Files Notation
11.5 Mobile Operating System
Review Questions

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