Human Aspects of Urban Form

Preface and Acknowledgments Introduction 1 Urban Design as the Organization of Space, Time, Meaning and Communication The Meaning of Space Rules of Organization The Choice Model of Design Cultural Variability of Urban Environments The Role of Values in Design Environmental Perception The Perceived Environment The Excessively Broad Meaning of "Perception" in the Literature Evaluation, Cognition and Perception The Distinction Between Evaluation, Cognition and Perception in the Urban Environment - An Example Pros and Cons of Making These Distinctions The Filter Model The General Concept of Image and Schema The Development of the Concept of Image 2 Perception of Environmental Quality - Environmental Evaluation and Preference Components of Environmental Quality Habitat Selection and Migration in Response to Environmental Preference The Variability of Standards The Problem of "Slums" Squatter Settlements 3 Environmental Cognition Urban Images Cognitive Schemata and Mental Maps The Construction of Mental Maps Orientation The Subjective Definition of Areas Subjective Distance - Space and Time Subjective Urban Morphology 4 The Importance and Nature of Environmental Perception The Multisensory Nature of Perception Information Approaches - Sensory Deprivation and Overload Density and Privacy in Sensory Terms Environmental Complexity The Notion of Noticeable Differences Effects of Scale and Speed of Movement5 The City in Terms of Social Cultural and Territorial Variables Clustering and Urban Enclaves Socio-Cultural Aspects of the City The Relevance of Ethological Concepts in the City Public and Private Domains Behavior Setting System The House-Settlement System 6 The Distinction between Associational and Perceptual Worlds Symbolism and the Urban Environment Environment as Communication Culture, Symbols and Form as Ways of Coping with Overload Cross-Cultural View of the City - Differences in Form and Cultural Landscapes Designing for Cultural Pluralism The Involvement of People in Their Environment and Its Consequences Conclusion References Index of Names Index of Places Subject Index