
Design Data for Plastics Engineers
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Content
2 - Contents [Seite 8]
3 - 1 Mechanical Properties of Solid Polymers [Seite 12]
3.1 - 1.1 Ideal Solids [Seite 12]
3.2 - 1.2 Tensile Properties [Seite 12]
3.2.1 - 1.2.1 Stress-Strain Behavior [Seite 13]
3.2.2 - 1.2.2 Tensile Modulus [Seite 16]
3.2.3 - 1.2.3 Effect of Temperature on Tensile Strength [Seite 17]
3.3 - 1.3 Shear Properties [Seite 17]
3.3.1 - 1.3.1 Shear Modulus [Seite 17]
3.3.2 - 1.3.2 Effect of Temperature on Shear Modulus [Seite 18]
3.4 - 1.4 Compressive Properties [Seite 20]
3.4.1 - 1.4.1 Bulk Modulus [Seite 21]
3.5 - 1.5 Time Related Properties [Seite 22]
3.5.1 - 1.5.1 Creep Modulus [Seite 22]
3.5.2 - 1.5.2 Creep Rupture [Seite 23]
3.5.3 - 1.5.3 Relaxation Modulus [Seite 24]
3.5.4 - 1.5.4 Fatigue Limit [Seite 25]
3.6 - 1.6 Hardness [Seite 26]
3.7 - 1.7 Impact Strength [Seite 28]
3.8 - 1.8 Coefficient of Friction [Seite 28]
4 - 2 Thermal Properties of Solid and Molten Polymers [Seite 34]
4.1 - 2.1 Specific Volume [Seite 34]
4.2 - 2.2 Specific Heat [Seite 37]
4.3 - 2.3 Thermal Expansion Coefficient [Seite 38]
4.4 - 2.4 Enthalpy [Seite 40]
4.5 - 2.5 Thermal Conductivity [Seite 40]
4.6 - 2.6 Thermal Diffusivity [Seite 42]
4.7 - 2.7 Coefficient of Heat Penetration [Seite 43]
4.8 - 2.8 Heat Deflection Temperature [Seite 45]
4.9 - 2.9 Vicat Softening Point [Seite 46]
4.10 - 2.10 Flammability [Seite 46]
5 - 3 Transport Properties of Molten Polymers [Seite 50]
5.1 - 3.1 Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids [Seite 50]
5.2 - 3.2 Viscous Shear Flow [Seite 52]
5.2.1 - 3.2.1 Apparent Shear Rate [Seite 52]
5.2.2 - 3.2.2 Entrance Loss [Seite 53]
5.2.3 - 3.2.3 True Shear Stress [Seite 53]
5.2.4 - 3.2.4 Apparent Viscosity [Seite 55]
5.2.5 - 3.2.5 True Shear Rate [Seite 58]
5.2.6 - 3.2.6 True Viscosity [Seite 58]
5.3 - 3.3 Rheological Models [Seite 58]
5.3.1 - 3.3.1 Hyperbolic Function of Prandtl and Eyring [Seite 59]
5.3.2 - 3.3.2 Power Law of Ostwald and De Waele [Seite 59]
5.3.3 - 3.3.3 Polynomial of Muenstedt [Seite 61]
5.3.4 - 3.3.4 Viscosity Equation of Carreau [23] [Seite 64]
5.3.5 - 3.3.5 Viscosity Formula of Klein [Seite 66]
5.4 - 3.4 Effect of Pressure on Viscosity [Seite 67]
5.5 - 3.5 Dependence of Viscosity on Molecular Weight [Seite 68]
5.6 - 3.6 Viscosity of Two-Component Mixtures [Seite 70]
5.7 - 3.7 Melt Flow Index [Seite 70]
5.8 - 3.8 Tensile Viscosity [Seite 71]
5.9 - 3.9 Viscoelastic Properties [Seite 71]
5.9.1 - 3.9.1 Primary Normal Stress Coefficient ?: [Seite 72]
5.9.2 - 3.9.2 Shear Compliance Je: [Seite 72]
5.9.3 - 3.9.3 Die Swell [Seite 73]
6 - 4 Electrical Properties [Seite 76]
6.1 - 4.1 Surface Resistivity [Seite 76]
6.2 - 4.2 Volume Resistivity [Seite 76]
6.3 - 4.3 Dielectric Strength [Seite 76]
6.4 - 4.4 Relative Permittivity [Seite 77]
6.5 - 4.5 Dielectric Dissipation Factor or Loss Tangent [Seite 77]
6.6 - 4.6 Comparative Tracking Index (CTI) [Seite 79]
7 - 5 Optical Properties of Solid Polymers [Seite 84]
7.1 - 5.1 Light Transmission [Seite 84]
7.2 - 5.2 Haze [Seite 84]
7.3 - 5.3 Refractive Index [Seite 84]
7.4 - 5.4 Gloss [Seite 86]
7.5 - 5.5 Color [Seite 86]
8 - 6 External Influences [Seite 88]
8.1 - 6.1 Physical Interactions [Seite 88]
8.1.1 - 6.1.1 Solubility [Seite 88]
8.1.2 - 6.1.2 Environmental Stress Cracking (ESC) [Seite 88]
8.1.3 - 6.1.3 Permeability [Seite 90]
8.1.4 - 6.1.4 Absorption and Desorption [Seite 91]
8.1.5 - 6.1.5 Weathering Resistance [Seite 91]
8.2 - 6.2 Chemical Resistance [Seite 92]
8.2.1 - 6.2.1 Chemical and Wear Resistance to Polymers [Seite 92]
8.3 - 6.3 General Property Data [Seite 93]
9 - 7 Extrusion [Seite 102]
9.1 - 7.1 Extrusion Screws [Seite 103]
9.2 - 7.2 Processing Parameters [Seite 103]
9.2.1 - 7.2.1 Resin-Dependent Parameters [Seite 103]
9.2.2 - 7.2.2 Machine Related Parameters [Seite 109]
9.3 - 7.3 Extrusion Dies [Seite 135]
9.3.1 - 7.3.1 Pipe Extrusion [Seite 137]
9.3.2 - 7.3.2 Blown Film [Seite 146]
9.3.3 - 7.3.3 Sheet extrusion [Seite 148]
9.4 - 7.4 Thermoforming [Seite 153]
9.5 - 7.5 Compounding [Seite 157]
9.6 - 7.6 Extrudate Cooling [Seite 160]
9.6.1 - 7.6.1 Dimensionless Groups [Seite 163]
10 - 8 Blow Molding [Seite 166]
10.1 - 8.1 Processes [Seite 166]
10.1.1 - 8.1.1 Resin-Dependent Parameters [Seite 166]
10.1.2 - 8.1.2 Machine Related Parameters [Seite 172]
11 - 9 Injection Molding [Seite 180]
11.1 - 9.1 Resin-Dependent Parameters [Seite 181]
11.1.1 - 9.1.1 Injection Pressure [Seite 181]
11.1.2 - 9.1.2 Mold Shrinkage and Processing Temperature [Seite 183]
11.1.3 - 9.1.3 Drying Temperatures and Times [Seite 185]
11.1.4 - 9.1.4 Flow Characteristics of Injection-Molding Resins [Seite 186]
11.2 - 9.2 Machine Related Parameters [Seite 190]
11.2.1 - 9.2.1 Injection Unit [Seite 190]
11.2.2 - 9.2.2 Injection Molding Screw [Seite 191]
11.2.3 - 9.2.3 Injection Mold [Seite 194]
12 - Index [Seite 216]
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