Multiphase Flows for Process Industries

Preface

MULTIPHASE FLOWS AND PROCESS INDUSTRIES
The Process Industry
Multiphase Flows
Organization of the book

PART I. Fundamentals of Multiphase Flows

MULTIPHASE FLOWS: FLOW REGIMES, LOWER ORDER MODELS AND CORRELATIONS
Introduction
Modelling of Multiphase Flows
Chronological Development of Mathematical Models
Zero Dimensional 2-Equations Model
Homogeneous Equilibrium Model
Drift Flux Model
One Dimensional 5-Equations Model
One Dimensional 6-Equations Two Phase Flow Models: Axial Variation of Field Variables
One Dimensional 6-Equations Two Phase Flow Models: Radial Variation of Field Variables
Prediction of Design Parameters using One Dimensional Models
Process Design using One-Dimensional Models
The Three-Dimensional CFD Simulations to Overcome the Limitations of One-Dimensional Models: The Current Status

EXPERIMENTAL METHODS FOR CHARACTERIZING MULTIPHASE FLOWS
Introduction
Flow Imaging and Visualization
Velocimetry Techniques
Tomography and Radiography Techniques
Characterization of Flows in Pilot Plant and Commercial Units
Summary and Conclusions

COMPUTATIONAL MODELS FOR SIMULATING MULTIPHASE FLOWS
Euler-Euler Modelling
Euler-Lagrange Modelling
Immersed Boundary Methods
Direct Numerical Simulations of Gas-Liquid and Gas-Liquid-Solid Flows
Verification, Experimental Validation and Uncertainty Quantification

PART II. Enabling Process Innovations via Mastering Multiphase Flows

GAS-LIQUID PROCESSES
Introduction
Design and Scale-Up
Process Innovations in Multiphase Reactors
Process Innovations in Multiphase Unit Operations

LIQUID-LIQUID PROCESSES - MASS TRANSFER PROCESSES AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Overview
Liquid-Liquid Thermodynamics and Processes
Mass Transfer in Liquid-Liquid Systems
Liquid-Liquid Reactions and Applications
Liquid-Liquid Process Equipment and Typical Applications
Conclusion

GAS-SOLID PROCESSES
Introduction
Process Equipment
Gas-Solid Flow Investigation Methods
Case Study 1: FCC Riser
Case Study 2: FCC Stripper
Case Study 3: Rotary Cement Kiln
Case Study 4: Bubbling Fluidized Bed
Summary and Outlook

LIQUID-SOLID PROCESSES
Introduction
Slurry Transportation
Agitation and Mixing in Stirred Vessel
Fluidized Bed Reactors
Hydro-Cyclones
Summary and Path Forward

THREE OR MORE PHASE PROCESSES
Introduction
Selection of Multiphase Reactor
Commonly Used Three Phase Reactors and their Hydrodynamics
Models for Gas-Liquid-Solid Reactors
Application and Recent Advances
Bioreactors
Gas-Liquid-Liquid and Gas-Liquid-Liquid-Solid Reactions
Guidelilnes for Practicing Engineer and Extension to other Multiphase Reactors
Concluding Remarks

TRICKLE BED REACTORS
Introduction
Hydrodynamics
Modelling of Trickle Bed Reactors
Application
Scale-Up
Worked Out Examples
Summary

FLOWS WITH PHASE CHANGE
Introduction
Flows with Phase Change: Key Issues
Approaches for Computational Modelling of Flows with Phase Change
Application Examples
Summary

PART III. Status and Path Forward

SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK
Modelling of Multiphase Flows: Current Status
Computational Modelling for Enabling Process Innovations
Outlook

Author Index
Subject Index