Integrated Biomaterials for Biomedical Technology
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Preface xi
1. 1D~3D Nano-engineered Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications 1
Hui Chen, Xiaokang Li and Yanan Du
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 3D Nanomaterials Towards Biomedical Applications 2
1.3 Structural and Functional Modification 6
1.4 Properties of Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application 8
1.5 Applications of NPs 10
1.6 2D Nanomaterials Towards Biomedical Applications 15
1.7 1D Nanomaterial Towards Biomedical Applications 21
1.8 Conclusion 28
References 28
2. Porous Biomaterials 35
Nasim Annabi
2.1 Introduction 35
2.2 Porosity and Pore Architecture of Biomaterial Scaffolds 36
2.3 Methods to Measure Porosity and Pore Size 38
2.4 Porosity Generation Techniques 39
2.5 Summary 60
References 61
3. Bioactive and Biocompatible Polymeric Composites Based on Amorphous Calcium Phosphate 67
Joseph M. Antonucci and Drago Skrtic
3.1 Introduction 68
3.2 Experimental Approach 75
3.3 Results and Discussion 91
3.4 Concluding Remarks/Future Directions 108
Acknowledgements 109
References 109
Appendix 1. List of Acronyms used Throughout the Proposal 117
4. Calcium Phosphates and Nanocrystalline Apatites for Medical Applications 121
Sunita Prem Victor and Chandra P. Sharma
4.1 Introduction 121
4.2 Chemistry of Calcium Phosphates 123 Contents vii
4.4 Properties of Calcium Orthophosphates 128
4.5 Biomedical Applications of Calcium Phosphates 133
4.6 Conclusion 138
References 138
5. SiO2 Particles with Functional Nanocrystals: Design and Fabrication for Biomedical Applications 145
Ping Yang
5.1 Introduction 145
5.2 Fabrication Methods of SiO2 Particles with NCs 156
5.3 Main Research Results for SiO2 Particles with NCs 170
5.4 Multifunctional SiO2 Particles for Biomedical Applications 229
5.5 Conclusions and Outlook 243
Acknowledgements 244
References 244
6. New Kind of Titanium Alloys for Biomedical Application 253
Yufeng Zheng, Binbin Zhang, Benli Wang and Li Li
6.1 Introduction 253
6.2 Dental Cast Titanium Alloys 254
6.3 Low Modulus Titanium Alloys 262
6.4 Nickel Free Shape Memory Titanium Alloys 266
6.5 Summary 270
References 270
7. BMP-based Bone Tissue Engineering 273
Ziyad S Haidar and Murugan Ramalingam
7.1 Introduction 274
7.2 Challenges in Protein Therapy 277
7.3 BMP Delivery Requirements 279
7.4 BMP-specific Carrier Types and Materials 282
7.5 Summary 289
Acknowledgements 290
References 290
8. Impedance Sensing of Biological Processes in Mammalian Cells 293
Lamya Ghenim, Hirokazu Kaji, Matsuhiko Nishizawa, Xavier Gidrol
8.1 Introduction 293
8.2 Cell Attachment and Spreading Processes 295
8.3 Cell Motility 299
8.4 Apoptosis 302
8.5 Mitosis 303
8.6 Single Cell Analysis 303
8.7 Conclusion 307
References 307
9. Hydrogel Microbeads for Implantable Glucose Sensors 309
Yun Jung Heo and Shoji Takeuchi
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fabrication Methods of Hydrogel Microbeads 311
9.3 Fluorescence-based Glucose Monitoring 318
9.4 Biocompatibility 325
9.5 Summary 328
References 328
10. Molecular Design of Multifunctional Polymers for Gene Transfection 333
Chao Lin, Bo Lou and Rong Jin 333
10.1 Introduction 333
10.2 Barriers to Non-viral Gene Delivery 335
10.3 Molecular Design of Polymer Vectors for Efficient Gene Delivery 338
10.4 Molecular Design of Polymer Vectors with Low Cytotoxicity 348
10.5 Summary 354
Acknowledgements 355
Appendix: List of Abbreviations 355
References 355
11. Injectable in situ Gelling Hydrogels as Biomaterials 361
Hardeep Singh and Lakshmi S. Nair
11.1 Introduction 362
11.2 Injectable in situ Gelling Hydrogels 365
11.3 Clinical Applications of Hydrogels 369
11.4 Injectable Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications 370
11.5 Conclusions 393
References 393
12. Metal-polymer Hybrid Biomaterials with High Mechanical and Biological Compatibilities 399
Masaaki Nakai and Mitsuo Niinomi
12.1 Introduction 399
12.2 Fabrication Methods of Porous Titanium Filled with Medical Polymer 401
12.3 Mechanical Properties of Porous Titanium Filled with Medical Polymer 403
12.4 Biological Properties of Porous Titanium Filled with Medical Polymer 407
12.5 Summary 409
References 409
