Civil Structural Health Monitoring

Name: Civil Structural Health Monitoring | Proceedings of CSHM-8 Workshop
Brand: Springer
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Proceedings of CSHM-8 Workshop

Carlo Rainieri Giovanni Fabbrocino Nicola Caterino Francesca Ceroni Matilde A. Notarangelo(Editor)

Springer (Publisher)

1st Edition

Published on 24. August 2021

XV, 1038 pages

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978-3-030-74258-4 (ISBN)

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Content

Intro
Preface
Funding Acknowledgment
Contents
Fiber Optic Monitoring and Forecasting of Reservoir Landslides
1 Introduction
2 Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing (DFOS) System
2.1 Quasi-Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors
2.2 Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS)
2.3 Distributed Strain Sensing (DSS)
3 Case Study in the TGR Area
4 Forecasting of the Reservoir Landslide
5 Conclusion Remarks
References
Dynamic Testing and Continuous Dynamic Monitoring of Transportation, Stadia and Energy Infrastructures
1 Introduction
2 From Dynamic Testing to Continuous Dynamic Monitoring
3 Continuous Dynamic Monitoring of Transportation Infrastructures
3.1 Footbridges
3.2 Railway Bridges
3.3 Roadway Bridges
4 Continuous Dynamic Monitoring of Stadia Suspension Roof
5 Continuous Dynamic Monitoring of Energy Infrastructures
5.1 Wind Turbines
5.2 Concrete Dams
6 Conclusions
References
Operational Modal Analysis of a Historic GRP Structure
1 Introduction
2 Description and Condition of the Bridge
3 Analysis Methods
4 Results & Discussion
4.1 Frequency Domain Analyses
4.2 Time Domain Analyses
5 Comparison and Discussion
6 Conclusions
References
Mass and Temperature Changes in Operational Modal Analysis
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup
2.1 Mass Change
2.2 Temperature Change
3 Analysis
3.1 Mass Change
3.2 Temperature Change
4 Conclusions
References
Characterizing Footbridge Response from Cyclist Crossings with Computer Vision-Based Monitoring
1 Introduction
2 Characterizing Bridge Response
2.1 Vision-Based Measurement
2.2 Characterizing Bridge Response
3 Case Study
3.1 Image Processing and Measurement Pre-processing
3.2 Bridge Response
3.3 Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Damage Detection Through Modal Flexibility-Based Deflections: Application to a Full-Scale RC Shear Wall Building
1 Introduction
2 Damage Detection Through Modal Flexibility-Based Deflections in Bending Moment-Deflecting Cantilever Structures
3 Application to a Full-Scale RC Shear Wall Building
4 Conclusions
References
Vision-Based Damage Detection Using Inclination Angles and Curvature
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Computer Vision-Based SHM
3 Laboratory Experiment
3.1 Set up and Loading Scenarios
References
Consequences of Heuristic Distortions on SHM-Based Decision
1 Introduction
2 SHM-Based Decision-Making
3 Heuristics and Biases
4 The Representativeness Heuristic
4.1 Formulation of Representativeness
4.2 Representativeness in Judgment
5 Case Study
5.1 Likelihood and Representativeness
5.2 Posterior Judgment
5.3 Discussion About Inference Models
6 Conclusions
References
Fatigue Life Prediction for a Concrete-Steel Composite Viaduct: A Process Based on Indirect Measurements
1 Introduction
2 Predictive Model for Concrete-Steel Composite Bridges Fatigue Assessment
2.1 BIM and FE Models Validation
2.2 Traffic Simulations Through Dynamic Analysis
2.3 Machine Learning Training
3 Predictive Model Validation
4 Achievements and Conclusion
References
Estimation of Seismic Resilience of Road Infrastructures: An Integrated Approach
1 Introduction
2 Fragility and Vulnerability Analysis
2.1 Fragility Analysis
2.2 Vulnerability Analysis
3 Traffic Module
4 Decision Support Module (DSM)
5 Conclusions
References
Distributed Fiber-Optic Strain Sensing: Field Applications in Pile Foundations and Concrete Beams
1 Distributed Fiber-Optic Strain Sensing Techniques
2 Brillouin Sensing and the Nature of Distributed Data
3 Field Experience Showing Distributed Sensing Data
4 Conclusion
References
Seismic Damage Quantification for the SHM of Existing RC Structures
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Development of the FEM Model
4 Validation of FEM Model
5 Application to a Case Study
6 Discussion of Numerical Results
7 Conclusions
References
Data-Driven Nonparametric Structural Nonlinearity Identification Under Unknown Excitation with Limited Data Fusion
1 Introduction
2 Nonparametric Polynomial Model and the EKF with Unknown Input
3 Numerical Simulation Validation
4 Experimental Validation
5 Concluding Remarks
References
Out-of-Plane Ambient Vibration Tests of an Infill Wall in RC Frame Subjected to Previous In-Plane Damage
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Tests
2.1 Specimen Description
2.2 In-Plane Test and Damage Pattern
3 Out-of-Plane Ambient Vibration Investigations
3.1 Test Setup of the Ambient Vibration Tests
3.2 Modal Identification Results and Correlation with the In-Plane Damage.
4 Conclusions
References
Assessment of an Historical Masonry Bell Tower by Modal Testing
1 Introduction
2 The Case Study of S. Sophia Bell-Tower
2.1 Description of the Structure
2.2 In-Situ Investigations
3 The Ambient Vibration Test
3.1 The Test Setups
3.2 Data Processing and OMA
3.3 Modes Identification
4 Numerical Modelling
4.1 Structural Identification Procedure
5 Remarks and Future Perspectives
References
Data Processing Strategies for Monitoring an Offshore SPM System
1 Introduction
2 The Output-Only Monitoring
3 Revamping of Monitoring System
4 Conclusion
References
Health Monitoring of Structures Using Integrated Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)
1 Introduction
2 Classification of Functional Available Unmanned Aerial vehicles (UAVs)
2.1 Aircraft Frame Types
2.2 Payload
2.3 Legislations and Regulations for Drones
3 Preliminary Laboratory Tests
3.1 Equipment and Setup Details
4 Experimental Results
4.1 Deflection Measurements
4.2 Tracking Measurements
4.3 Visual Inspection
5 Conclusions
References
Infrastructure Health Monitoring Using SAR Tomography
1 Introduction
2 Signal Model and Method
3 Experimental Results
4 Conclusions
References
Monitoring and Evaluation of a Highway Bridge During Major Rehabilitation
1 Introduction
2 The Accident that Damaged the Bridge
3 Rehabilitation Stages and Load Tests
4 Evaluation of Maintenance Stages and Load Tests
4.1 Monitoring System
4.2 Modal and Frequency Analysis
4.3 Finite Element Model Calibration
4.4 Bridge Rating Factor
5 Conclusions
References
Vibration Monitoring of a Railway Bridge Using Distributed Macro-strain Data Obtained with Fiber Bragg Gratings
1 Introduction
2 The KW51 Bridge
3 Strain Monitoring
4 Strain-Based Operational Modal Analysis
4.1 Automatic Identification of Modal Characteristics
4.2 Influence of temperature on modal characteristics before retrofitting
4.3 Influence of Temperature on Modal Characteristics After Retrofitting
4.4 Influence of Retrofitting on Modal Characteristics
5 Conclusions
References
Monitoring of Base Isolated Building Subjected to Far Fault Earthquake
1 Introduction
2 The Monitored Building: Foligno Regional Civil Protection Center
3 Elastomeric Isolators Properties
4 Monitoring Setup and Installation in the Isolated Structure
5 The in Situ Seismic Behaviour of the Isolation System
5.1 Recording Analysis TP151 (Norcia Earthquake, Mw 6,5)
6 The Experimental Test on Seismic Isolation System and Comparison with FEM Model
7 Conclusion
References
Non-parametric Optimization Using Subspace-Based Objective Functions
1 Introduction
2 Optimization Problem: A Subspace-Based Formulation of the Objective Function
3 Estimation of the Bayesian Uncertainty of the Model
3.1 Mathematical Formulation
3.2 Discussion
4 Uncertainty of the Parameters from the Optimization
4.1 Mathematical Formulation
4.2 Discussion
5 Uncertainty of the Parameters
6 Introduction to Tests and Preliminary Numerical Analyses
6.1 Experimental Setup
7 Numerical Analyses
8 Experimental Validation
8.1 Modal Identification Results
8.2 Parametric Identification Results
9 Uncertainty Quantification
10 Conclusions
References
Slope Stability Assessment of the Test Site in Pagani (Campania, Southern Italy)
1 Introduction
2 The Test Site in Pagani (SA)
2.1 Stratigraphic and Geotechnical Characterization
3 Slope Stability Analyses
4 Conclusions
References
Use of a Roving Vision Sensor Setup to Train an Autoencoder for Damage Detection of Bridge Structures
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Results
4 Conclusions and Future Work
References
An Advanced Approach to the Long Term SHM of Structures and Transport Infrastructures
1 Introduction
2 Synthetic Aperture Radar
3 Description of the Test Case
4 Results
4.1 Remote Sensing Data
4.2 In Situ Testing
5 Conclusions
References
Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Prestressed Concrete Bridges: Differences Before and After the First-Crack Opening
1 Introduction
2 Physical Principle and Observable Quantities
3 AE Monitoring of a Prestressed Concrete Bridge Tested to Failure
4 Results from Deflection and Crack-Opening Sensors
5 Results from AE Sensors
6 Discussion of Results
7 Conclusions
References
Weight-in-Motion System for Traffic Overload Detection: Development and Experimental Testing
1 Introduction
2 System Description
2.1 Measurement Principles
2.2 Post-Processing Algorithm
3 Experimental Test Campaign and Results Discussion
4 Conclusions and Future Developments
References
Bayesian-Based Damage Assessment of Historical Structures Using Vibration Monitoring Data
1 Introduction
2 The Proposed Methodology
3 The Case Study
3.1 The Monitoring System
3.2 FE Model
4 Numerical Results
5 Conclusions
References
Analytic Wavelet Selection for Time-Frequency Analysis of Big Data Form Civil Structure Monitoring
1 Introduction
2 The Methodology of the Study
2.1 Data Source
3 Continuous Versus Discrete Wavelet Transform
3.1 Wavelet Discretization
4 Wavelet Selection Guidelines
4.1 Wavelet Characteristics
4.2 Wavelet Family Selection
4.3 Wavelet Selection Quantitative Criteria
5 Discussion and Results Analysis
6 Conclusion
References
Influence of Operational Conditions on the Modal Based Damage Analysis of Pedestrian Bridges
1 Introduction
1.1 Literature Review: Human-Structure-Interaction
2 Modal Based Damage Identification Methods
3 Introduction of the Pedestrian Bridge
3.1 Vibration Measurements
4 Numerical Investigations
4.1 Operating Loads
4.2 Operating Loads and Structural Damage Detection
5 Comparison of Numerical Investigations and Ambient Vibration Tests
6 Conclusions
References
Advanced Monitoring of Structures and Infrastructures Through Smart Composite Sensors and Systems
1 Introduction
1.1 Concept
1.2 State-of-Art
2 Samples
2.1 Fillers
2.2 Preparation
2.3 Samples' Instrumentation
3 Electromechanical Characterization of Samples
4 Conclusion
References
Monitoring System of an Industrial Steel Tower Structure
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Case Study
3.1 Installation
3.2 Monitoring
4 Conclusion
References
Two-Dimensional Deflection Maps by Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors
1 Introduction
2 FBG in Strain Measurements
2.1 FBG Working Principle
2.2 Embedded FBGs
3 Bi-dimensional Deflection Map
3.1 Experimental Results
4 Conclusions
References
Bayesian Model Updating and Parameter Uncertainty Analysis of a Damaged Fortress Through Dynamic Experimental Data
1 Introduction
2 Bi-objective Optimization for Model Updating
3 Bayesian Model Updating
4 Case Study: Two Floor Frame
4.1 Model Updating
5 The San Felice Sul Panaro Fortress
5.1 Ambient Vibration Test and FE Model of the Fortress
5.2 Model Updating
6 Conclusions
References
Dynamic Identification and Model Updating of a Masonry Chimney
1 Introduction
2 Description of the Masonry Chimney
3 Chimney Health State and Structural Surveys
4 Dynamic Tests
4.1 In Situ Test Setup
4.2 The Identification Algorithm
4.3 Test Results
5 Numerical Modelling and Calibration
5.1 The Optimization Algorithm
5.2 Results of the Updating Procedure
6 Conclusion
References
Evolution of Modal Parameters of a Reinforced Concrete Building Subjected to Moderate Earthquakes
1 Introduction
2 The Case Study
3 Dynamic Tests and Monitoring
4 Identification Methodology and Monitoring Results
5 Conclusions
References
Innovative Non-destructive Technique for the Structural Survey of Historical Structures
1 Introduction
2 Survey Strategies: The State of the Art
3 St. Mary at the Gate's Church: A Digital Acquisition for a Smart Monitoring
3.1 Geometrical survey
3.2 Finite Element (FE) Model
4 Analysis
4.1 Modal
4.2 Pushover
5 Results Discussion
6 Conclusions
References
Structural Monitoring of a Railway Bridge in Southern Italy for Automatic Warning Strategy
1 Introduction
2 Case Study
3 Structural Monitoring System
3.1 Sensors and Acquisition System
4 Finite Element Model
4.1 Preliminary Validation
5 Failure Probability Assessment in Near-Real-Time
5.1 Level I
5.2 Level II
5.3 Level III
6 Conclusions
References
Dynamic Identification and Monitoring of a New Highway Bridge
1 Introduction
2 The Viaduct Under Investigation
3 Static Loading Tests
4 Dynamic Loading Tests
4.1 Test Setup
4.2 Operational Modal Analysis
4.3 Experimental Modal Analysis
5 Concluding Remarks
References
SS#1 Investigation in Structural Performances of High-Power Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines by OMA-Based SHM
1 Introduction
1.1 Proposed Investigation Approach
2 Structure Description
2.1 Kr Investigation
3 Measuring System Description
4 Modal Parameter Estimation in Parked Condition
5 Modal Parameters Extraction and Further Indicators
5.1 Indicators Derived from the Modal Parameters
5.2 UMM Normalized Mode Shapes
5.3 Flexibility Matrix
5.4 Modal Shapes Curvature
5.5 Short Time Fourier Transform
6 FEM Analysis
7 Comparison of the WTTMs Results
8 Conclusion
References
Digital Tools for the Knowledge and Safeguard of Historical Heritage
1 Introduction
2 Towards a Historic Digital Twin
3 A Workflow for HDT Implementation
3.1 The Church of San Menna in Lucoli (Aq)
3.2 HDT Methodology
3.3 SWOT Analysis
3.4 Explanatory Results of the Workflow Pilot Application
4 Final Remarks
References
A Technological Platform for Multi-risk Management and Mitigation in Campania Region, Italy
1 Introduction
2 Management of Large-Scale Seismic Risk for a Class of Buildings
3 Technological Platform for Multi-risk Monitoring, Management and Mitigation in Campania Region, Italy
4 Conclusions
References
Machine Learning Approach for Damage Detection of Railway Bridges: Preliminary Application
1 Structural Health Monitoring
2 Methodology
3 Analyzed Structure
4 ANN Prediction Capabilities
4.1 ANN Learning
5 ANN Application for Damage Detection
6 Limitations
6.1 Load Distribution
6.2 Traveling Direction
7 Conclusion
References
Assessment of the Applicability of DInSAR Techniques for Structural Monitoring of Cultural Heritage and Archaeological Sites
1 Introduction
2 Overview of Past Applications of DInSAR for the Monitoring of Cultural Heritage Buildings and Archaeological Sites
3 DInSAR Data Used for the Analyses
4 Case Studies
5 Conclusions
References
On the Dynamic Performance of the Santa Maria Maddalena Church, Ischia Island (Italy): Numerical and Experimental Comparative Analysis
1 Introduction
2 The Santa Maria Maddalena Church (Ischia)
2.1 Description of the Church
2.2 In-Situ Survey After the 2017 Earthquake
2.3 Thermographic Non-Destructive Diagnostics of the Masonry
2.4 Operational Modal Analysis of the Church
3 An Experimental and Numerical Insight on the Modal Response of the Main Façade of the Santa Maria Maddalena Church
3.1 Description of the Main Façade
3.2 An Insight of the Results of OMA Tests for the Main Façade
3.3 The Finite Element Model of the Façade
4 Conclusions
References
Monitoring of Bridges by Using Static and Dynamic Data from MEMS Accelerometers
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Background
2.1 Deflection Estimation from Static Acceleration Data
2.2 Flexibility-Based Deflection Estimation from Dynamic Data
3 Experimental Application
3.1 Presentation of the Footbridge
3.2 Deflection Analysis
3.3 Flexibility-Based Deflection Analysis
3.4 Comparison
4 Conclusions
References
Realization and Testing of Textile Reinforced Concrete Panels Sensorized with Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors
1 Introduction
2 Textile, Sensor and Integration Procedure Definition
3 Samples Design and Preparation
4 Mechanical Testing
4.1 Test Set-up
4.2 Results
4.3 Assessment of the Structural Behavior
5 Conclusions and Acknowledgements
References
Increasing the Resilience of European Transport Infrastructure
1 Introduction
1.1 The RESIST EC Project
1.2 Challenge and Requirements
2 Robotic Actors
2.1 Visual Inspection Robots
2.2 Contact Inspection Robots
2.3 Ground Control Station
3 Contact and Visual Inspection Sensors
3.1 Vision Inspection
3.2 Cognitive Computer Vision System
3.3 Contact Inspection
4 Structural Vulnerability and Risk Management
5 Mobility Continuity
6 Conclusions
References
Possibilities of Composite Distributed Fibre Optic 3DSensor on the Example of Footing Pulled Out from the Ground: A Case Study
1 Introduction
1.1 Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)
1.2 Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing (DFOS)
1.3 Research Problem
2 DFOS Measuring System
2.1 Construction of 3DSensor
2.2 Optical Datalogger
2.3 Algorithm for Data Conversion
3 Installation and Location of the 3DSensors
4 Experimental Research
4.1 Course of the Study
4.2 Measured Strain Profiles
4.3 Calculated Displacement Profiles
5 Discussion and Conclusions
References
Multidisciplinary Investigations of a Steel-Concrete Composite Bridge
1 Introduction
2 The Baghetto Bridge: Description and Documentary Research
3 Hydraulic Investigations
3.1 Definition of the Hydraulic Scenario
3.2 Hydraulic Actions on the Bridge
4 Ambient Vibration Testing and Modal Identification
5 FE Modelling and Updating
6 Conclusions
References
Data Management in Structural Health Monitoring
1 Introduction
2 System Configuration
2.1 Data Collection
2.2 Data Pre-processing
3 Frequency Extraction and Data Partitioning
4 Survey of Anomaly Detection Techniques
4.1 Principal Component Analysis
4.2 Kernel Principal Component Analysis
4.3 Gaussian Mixture Model
4.4 One-Class Classifier Neural Network2
5 Data Management
6 Numerical Results
6.1 Sensors Relevance
6.2 Number of Sensors
6.3 Number of Samples
6.4 Number of Bits
7 Conclusion
References
Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing for Long-Term Monitoring of Tunnel Inner Linings in Anhydrite
1 Introduction
2 DFOS Measurement System
2.1 Sensing Principle
2.2 Sensing Cables
3 Geological Background and Installation
3.1 Geological Background
3.2 Installation Process
4 First Results
5 Challenges and Outlook
References
Long-Term Monitoring Using GNSS: Lessons Learned and Experiences from 20 years of Operation
1 Introduction
2 Mass Movement Gradenbach
3 System Development
3.1 Manual Measurements
3.2 Continuous Measurements
3.3 Yearlong Measurements
4 Current System
4.1 Monitoring Site
4.2 Data Processing in Graz
5 Additional Challenges
6 Summary
7 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Assessment of Similar Reinforced Concrete Arch Bridges by Operational Modal Analysis and Model Updating
1 Introduction
2 Description of the Bridge
3 Documentary Research, Geometric Survey and On-Site Testing
3.1 Documentary Research and Geometric Survey
3.2 Mechanical Characterization of the Concrete Materials
3.3 Ambient Vibration Tests
4 Structural Modeling and Vibration-Based Model Updating
5 Conclusions
References
Digital Environment for Remote Visual Inspection and Condition Assessment of Architectural Heritage
1 Digital Procedures for Data Management and Sharing for Architectural Heritage Condition Assessment and Monitoring
2 Digitisation of Heritage Related Data, an Overview
3 Virtual Tour as Support to Architectural Heritage Monitoring
4 San Giovanni Complex, Damage and Degradation Assessment
5 Informative Virtual Tour of St. Giovanni's Abbey: Design and Structure of a Digital Medium
6 Discussion and Final Remarks
References
Stange Overpass: Finite Element Model Updating of an Unconventional Railway Bridge
1 Introduction
2 Stange Overpass
3 State of the Art, Knowledge Needs and Preliminary Results
4 Open Challenges and Proposed Methodology
5 Summary and Conclusion
References
OMA: From Research to Engineering Applications
1 Introduction
2 Proposed Method: Time Domain Analytical Signal Method (TD-ASM)
2.1 Identification Algorithm for SDOF Systems
2.2 Identification Algorithm for MDOF Systems
3 OMA: From Research to Engineering Applications
3.1 Validation of the Proposed Algorithm Through a SDOF System
3.2 Validation of the Proposed Algorithm Through a MDOF System
3.3 Validation of the Proposed Algorithm Through Experimental Test
4 Conclusions
Appendix
References
Time-Domain Damage Detection of Structures with Complex Modes Under Variable Environmental Conditions Using Bayesian Virtual Sensors
1 Introduction
2 Complex Modes
3 Bayesian Virtual Sensing
4 Damage Detection
5 Numerical Experiment
5.1 Dimensions of the Data Space
5.2 Damage Detection
5.3 Damage Localization
6 Conclusion
References
Use of Sar Satellite Data in Bridge Monitoring with Application to Urban Areas
1 Introduction
2 Related Work on the Use of InSAR for Bridges
3 Extraction of Bridge Displacements from InSAR Images
4 Analyses of Displacement Data
5 Case Studies: Railway and Road Bridges in Milan
5.1 Large Scale Analysis of the Milan Urban Area
5.2 Via Lodovico Il Moro 2 Bridge
5.3 Via Farini Bridge
5.4 Viale Monza 101 and 119 Bridges
5.5 Discussion of Results
6 Conclusion
References
Expeditious Dynamic Tests for the Estimation of Infill Masonry Wall Stiffness
1 Introduction
2 The Laboratory Mock-up
3 The Experimentation
4 Infill Elastic Moduli Estimation
5 Conclusions
References
Field Evaluation of Sensing Sheet Prototype Exposed to Cracking
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Sensing Sheet Prototype
2.2 Real-Life Testing
3 Results
4 Conclusion
References
Long-Term Vibration Monitoring of the Sultan Ahmet Mosque in Istanbul
1 Introduction
2 The Data Set and Data Processing
3 Dynamic Response Characteristics
3.1 Analyses in Time Domain
3.2 Analyses in Frequency Domain
4 Conclusions
References
Experimental Evidence for Structural Damage During the 30.10.2020 Samos-Sıgacik Earthquake by Laser Vibrometry
1 Introduction
2 The Survey
3 Results and Discussion
References
Structural Monitoring and Dynamic Characterization of the Main Fire Station Building in Naples
1 Introduction
2 Structural Assessment
2.1 Numerical 3D Model
2.2 Simplified Model
3 Structural Monitoring System
4 Up-Lifting Test of a Seismic Bearing and Dynamic Tests with Vibrodine
5 Conclusions
References
A Structural Engineering Perspective on the Use of Remote Sensing Measurements for Civil SHM
1 Introduction
2 The Measurement Technique
3 Remote Sensing for Structural Monitoring: The Radar Specialist's Perspective
4 Data Processing from DinSAR Technique from the Perspective of the Structural Engineer
4.1 What Does the Radar See?
4.2 Time and Space Lags of the Measurements
4.3 Some Effects of the Synchronization Procedure
5 Concluding Remarks
References
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