Practical Environmental Analysis

Chapter 1: Introduction;

1.1: The environment;

1.2: Environmental Analysis;

1.3: Sampling and Atorage;

1.4: Sample Treatment;

1.5: Analytical Methods;

1.6: Standardisation and Calibration;

1.7: Analytical data;

1.8: Common Problems of Environmental Analysis;

1.9: Ethic;

1.10: A Word of Advice;

Chapter 2: Rainwater Analysis;

2.1: Acid Rain;

2.2: Sampling and Analysis;

2.3: Data Analysis and Interpretation;

2.4: pH, Conductivity, and Major Anions;

2.5: Major Cations;

2.6: Heavy Metals;

2.7: Exercises and Information;

Chapter 3: Air Analysis;

3.1: Introduction;

3.2: Sampling;

3.3: Sulfur dioxide (SO2);

3.4: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2);

3.5: Ozone (O3);

3.6: Ammonia (NH3);

3.7: Hydrogen chloride (HCl);

3.8: Atmospheric Aerosol: Heavy Metals and Major Constituents;

Chapter 4: Water Analysis;

4.1: Introduction;

4.2: Solids in Water;

4.3: Electrochemical Measurements;

4.4: Hardness;

4.5: Alkalinity;

4.6: Dissolved Oxygen (DO);

4.7: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD);

4.8: Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD);

4.9: Chlorophyll;

4.10: Nitrogen;

4.11: Phosphorus;

4.12: Chloride;

4.13: Fluoride;

4.14: Sulfate;

4.15: Iron;

4.16: Heavy Metals;

4.17: Oil and Grease;

Chapter 5: Soil, Sludge, Sediment and Dust Analysis;

5.1: Introduction;

5.2: Sampling and Sample Preparation;

5.3: Dissolution and Extraction;

5.4: Physical Parameters;

5.5: Electrochemical Measurements;

5.6: Alkalinity;

5.7: Soluble Ions;

5.8: Organic Matter;

5.9: Nitrogen;

5.10: Phosphorus;

5.11: Sulfur;

5.12: Exchangeable Cations (Ca2+ , Mg2+ , K+, and Na+) and Cation Exchange capacity (CEC);

5.13: Heavy Metals;

Chapter 6 : Plant Analysis;

6.1: Introduction;

6.2: Sampling and Sample Preparation;

6.3: Dissolution and Extraction;

6.4: Water Content and Ash Content;

6.5: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur;

6.6: Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, and Magnesium;

6.7: Nitrate and Nitrite;

6.8: Heavy Metals