Operative Standards for Cancer Surgery
Volume II: Esophagus, Melanoma, Rectum, Stomach, Thyroid
1st Edition
Published on 6. July 2018
352 pages
978-1-4963-3705-4 (ISBN)
Description
Publisher's Note: Products purchased from 3rd Party sellers are not guaranteed by the Publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. First presented by the American College of Surgeons and the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology in 2015, the comprehensive, evidence-based examination of cancer surgery techniques as standards distills the well-defined protocols and procedures that are critical to achieve optimal outcomes in a cancer operation. This unique, one of a kind collaboration between the American College of Surgeons and the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology focuses on best practices and state-of-the-art methodologies. Operative Standards for Cancer Surgery clearly describes the surgical activities that occur between skin incision and skin closure that directly affect cancer outcomes.
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AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS CANCER RESEARCH PROGRAM | MATTHEWS HG KATZ
Operative Standards for Cancer Surgery
Volume II: Thyroid, Gastric, Rectum, Esophagus, Melanoma
Book
08/2018
1st Edition
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
€124.78
Shipment within 10-20 days
Content
- Intro
- LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
- FOREWORD
- PREFACE
- METHODOLOGY RESEARCH PROTOCOL
- SUMMARY OF CRITICAL ELEMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- SECTION I THYROID
- Introduction
- Clinical Staging
- Multidisciplinary Care
- Perioperative Care
- Physical Examination and Biochemical Evaluation
- Preoperative Imaging
- Cervical Ultrasonography
- Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 1: Thyroidectomy
- CRITICAL ELEMENTS
- 1. COMPLETE EXTRACAPSULAR DISSECTION OF THE THYROID
- Rationale
- 2. IDENTIFICATION AND PRESERVATION OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS
- Rationale
- 3. IDENTIFICATION AND PRESERVATION OF THE RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVES
- Rationale
- 4. EN BLOC RESECTION OF LOCALLY ADVANCED THYROID CANCER
- Rationale
- Strap Muscles
- Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
- Trachea
- Esophagus
- Key Question: Oncologic Components of Thyroidectomy
- INTRODUCTION
- METHODOLOGY
- FINDINGS
- SUMMARY
- CONCLUSIONS
- Chapter 2: Oncologic Components of Lymphadenectomy
- CRITICAL ELEMENTS
- 1. RESECTION OF LYMPH NODES IN THE CENTRAL COMPARTMENT
- Rationale
- Technical Aspects
- 2. MANAGEMENT OF THE RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE WHEN INVOLVED BY EXTRANODAL EXTENSION FROM LYMPH NODE METASTASES
- Rationale
- Technical Aspects
- 3. MANAGEMENT OF CLINICALLY POSITIVE LYMPH NODES IN THE LATERAL NECK
- Rationale
- Technical Aspects
- 4. MANAGEMENT OF EXTRANODAL EXTENSION IN THE LATERAL NECK
- Rationale
- Technical Aspects
- Key Question: Oncologic Components of Lymphadenectomy
- INTRODUCTION
- METHODOLOGY
- FINDINGS
- SUMMARY
- CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
- SECTION II GASTRIC
- Introduction
- Staging
- Pretreatment Staging
- Quality Metrics
- Surgery for Gastric Adenocarcinoma
- Objectives
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 3: Gastrectomy
- CRITICAL ELEMENTS
- 1. INTRAOPERATIVE STAGING
- Rationale
- Staging Laparoscopy
- Timing of Staging Laparoscopy
- Technical Aspects
- 2. RESECTION OF PRIMARY TUMOR
- 2A. Endoscopic Resection
- Rationale
- Indications for Endoscopic Resection
- Identifying EGC Lesions Suitable for Endoscopic Resection
- Technical Aspects
- Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
- Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
- Comparison of EMR and ESD in the Treatment of EGC
- Comparison of Endoscopic Resection and Gastrectomy for EGC
- 2B. Partial and Total Gastrectomy
- Rationale
- Formal Gastrectomy
- Bursectomy
- Resection of Adjacent Organs and Structures
- Technical Aspects
- CONCLUSION
- 2C. Minimally Invasive Gastrectomy
- Rationale
- Minimally Invasive Distal Gastrectomy
- Technical Aspects of Minimally Invasive Distal and Subtotal Gastrectomy
- Advanced Gastric Cancer and Minimally Invasive Gastrectomy
- Technical Aspects of Minimally Invasive Total Gastrectomy
- Robotic Gastrectomy
- CONCLUSION
- 3. ASSESSMENT OF SURGICAL MARGINS
- Rationale
- Margin Distance
- Distal Tumors of the Body and Antrum: Proximal Margin Length
- Proximal Tumors of the Gastroesophageal Junction, Cardia, and Fundus: Proximal Margin Length
- Frozen-Section Margin Analysis
- The Distal Resection Margin
- Clinical Context, Outcomes, and Management of Positive Margins
- 4. REGIONAL LYMPHADENECTOMY
- INTRODUCTION
- Evolution of the Definitions and Classifications of Lymph Node Stations and Lymphadenectomy
- Rationale for the Boundaries of Systematic Lymphadenectomy
- Extent of Dissection and Adequacy of Staging
- Lymph Node Retrieval and Recommended Lymph Node Counts
- Technical Considerations
- 5. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
- 5A. After Total Gastrectomy
- Rationale
- Roux-en-Y With or Without Jejunal Pouch
- Bowel Interposition
- 5B. After Distal and Subtotal Gastrectomy
- Rationale
- Roux-en-Y Versus Billroth I Reconstruction
- Roux-en-Y Versus Billroth II Reconstruction
- 5C. After Proximal Gastrectomy
- Rationale
- 6. PLACEMENT OF DRAINS AND TUBES
- 6A. Placement of Intraperitoneal Drain
- Rationale
- 6B. PLACEMENT OF SMALL-BOWEL FEEDING TUBE
- Rationale
- Key Question: Gastrectomy
- INTRODUCTION
- METHODOLOGY
- FINDINGS
- D1 Versus D2 Lymphadenectomy
- Role of Splenectomy
- Learning Curve for D2 Gastrectomy
- The Role of Adjuvant Treatment after D1/D2 Lymphadenectomy
- D1/D2 Versus D3/D4 Para-aortic Lymph Node Dissection
- CONCLUSIONS
- Key Question: Gastrectomy
- INTRODUCTION
- METHODOLOGY
- FINDINGS
- Margins
- Lymph Node Harvest
- Survival/Outcomes
- Postoperative Morbidity
- Proximal Versus Total Gastrectomy
- CONCLUSIONS
- REFERENCES
- SECTION III RECTUM
- Introduction
- Anatomy
- Clinical and Pathological Staging
- Multidisciplinary Care
- Perioperative Care
- Quality Metrics
- Summary
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 4: Proctectomy
- CRITICAL ELEMENTS
- 1. PROXIMAL VASCULAR LIGATION
- Rationale
- Technical Aspects
- 2. TOTAL MESORECTAL EXCISION
- Rationale
- Technical Aspects
- 3. LYMPH NODE DISSECTION
- Rationale
- 4. CLEARANCE OF THE DISTAL MARGIN
- Rationale
- Technical Aspects
- Chapter 5: Abdominoperineal Resection
- CRITICAL ELEMENTS
- 1. CLEARANCE OF THE CIRCUMFERENTIAL MARGIN AT THE PELVIC FLOOR
- Rationale
- Technical Aspects
- Lithotomy Versus Prone
- 2. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PERINEUM
- Rationale
- Technical Aspects
- Key Question: Proctectomy
- INTRODUCTION
- METHODOLOGY
- FINDINGS
- Surgical Techniques and Differences in Outcomes
- Local Recurrence Rates and Overall Survival
- CONCLUSION
- Chapter 6: Local Excision
- CRITICAL ELEMENTS
- 1. COMPLETE RESECTION OF AN INTACT SPECIMEN WITH NEGATIVE BOWEL WALL AND DEEP MARGINS
- Rationale
- Key Question: Local Excision
- INTRODUCTION
- METHODOLOGY
- FINDINGS
- Surgical Techniques and Outcomes
- Functional Outcomes
- Overall Survival Rates
- CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
- SECTION IV ESOPHAGUS
- Introduction
- Diagnosis and Clinical Staging
- Multidisciplinary Care
- Perioperative Care
- Quality Metrics
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 7: Esophagectomy
- CRITICAL ELEMENTS
- 1. RESECTION OF THE PRIMARY TUMOR TO NEGATIVE MARGINS
- Rationale
- Proximal Margin
- Distal (Gastric) Margin
- Circumferential (Radial) Margin
- Technical Aspects
- 2. LYMPH NODE DISSECTION
- Rationale
- Technical Aspects
- Abdominal Field
- Mediastinal/Thoracic Field
- Cervical Field
- 3. GASTROINTESTINAL RECONSTRUCTION
- 3A. CONSTRUCTION OF GASTRIC CONDUIT
- Rationale
- Vascular Anatomy of the Gastric Conduit
- 3B. PERFORMANCE OF A GASTRIC-EMPTYING PROCEDURE
- Rationale
- Technical Aspects
- Pyloromyotomy
- Pyloroplasty
- SUMMARY
- 3C. ALTERNATE CONDUITS
- Rationale
- Technical Aspects: Colon
- Technical Aspects: Jejunum
- 3D. CERVICAL VERSUS INTRATHORACIC ANASTOMOSIS
- Rationale
- 3E. HAND-SEWN VERSUS STAPLED ANASTOMOSIS
- Rationale
- 3F. END-TO-END VERSUS END-TO-SIDE ANASTOMOSIS
- Rationale
- Technical Aspects
- Key Question: Esophagectomy
- INTRODUCTION
- METHODOLOGY
- FINDINGS
- Recommended Staging of T1a and T1b Adenocarcinoma
- Definition and Brief Description of Endoscopic Eradication Therapy
- FINDINGS
- T1aN0 Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
- cT1b Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
- Endoscopic Eradication Therapy Versus Esophagectomy for T1N0 Unspecified Disease
- Key Question: Esophagectomy
- INTRODUCTION
- METHODOLOGY
- FINDINGS
- Ensuring Adequacy of Lymphadenectomy
- Effect of the Histology of the Cancer on the Need for Lymphadenectomy
- Effect of the Pathologist
- Induction Chemoradiotherapy and Lymph Node Yield
- Key Question: Esophagectomy
- INTRODUCTION
- METHODOLOGY
- FINDINGS
- Perioperative Chemotherapy and Surgery Versus Surgery Alone
- Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Versus Surgery Alone
- Chemotherapy Versus Chemoradiotherapy before Surgery
- Definitive Chemoradiotherapy Versus Chemoradiotherapy Plus Surgery
- CONCLUSIONS
- Key Question: Esophagectomy
- INTRODUCTION
- METHODOLOGY
- Criteria for Evidence
- Search and Analysis
- Results
- FINDINGS
- Five-Year Overall Survival
- Five-Year Relapse-Free Survival
- R0 Resection
- Quality of Life
- Anastomotic Leaks
- Perioperative Mortality
- Complications and Toxicity
- Accuracy of Clinical Staging of T2N0 Esophageal Tumors
- Adenocarcinoma Versus Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- REFERENCES
- SECTION V MELANOMA
- Introduction
- Clinical Staging
- Multidisciplinary Care
- Perioperative Care
- Quality Metrics
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 8: Wide Local Excision
- CRITICAL ELEMENTS
- 1. MARGIN WIDTH
- Rationale
- 2. DEPTH OF EXCISION
- Rationale
- 3. ANATOMIC ORIENTATION OF THE EXCISION
- Rationale
- Chapter 9: Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
- CRITICAL ELEMENTS
- 1. DYNAMIC LYMPHOSCINTIGRAPHY TO IDENTIFY THE SENTINEL LYMPH NODE-CONTAINING NODAL BASIN
- Rationale
- Technical Aspects
- 2. PLACEMENT OF THE SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY INCISION
- Rationale
- 3. IDENTIFICATION AND REMOVAL OF ONE OR MORE SENTINEL LYMPH NODES
- Rationale
- Technical Aspects
- Key Question: Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
- INTRODUCTION
- METHODOLOGY
- FINDINGS
- Thin Melanomas
- Thick Melanomas
- Older Patients and Medical Comorbidities
- Prior Wide Local Excision of the Primary Tumor Site
- In-Transit Disease
- CONCLUSION
- Key Question: Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
- INTRODUCTION
- METHODOLOGY
- FINDINGS
- FINDINGS
- Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy with Completion Lymph Node Dissection for Nodal Basin Control
- Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy with Completion Lymph Node Dissection for Prognostication
- Predicting Nonsentinel Node Positivity
- The Morbidity of Completion Lymph Node Dissection
- CONCLUSION
- Chapter 10: Neck, Axillary, Ilioinguinal, and Other Lymph Node Dissections
- NECK LYMPH NODE DISSECTION
- CRITICAL ELEMENTS
- 1. BOUNDARIES OF AN ONCOLOGICALLY APPROPRIATE NECK DISSECTION
- Rationale
- 2. SUPERFICIAL OR TOTAL PAROTIDECTOMY
- Rationale
- 3. REMOVAL OF A SUFFICIENT NUMBER OF LYMPH NODES FOR ADEQUATE STAGING
- Rationale
- AXILLARY LYMPH NODE DISSECTION
- CRITICAL ELEMENTS
- 1. REMOVAL OF LEVEL I, II, AND III LYMPH NODES
- Rationale
- Technical Aspects
- 2. REMOVAL OF A SUFFICIENT NUMBER OF LYMPH NODES FOR AXILLARY STAGING
- Rationale
- ILIOINGUINAL LYMPH NODE DISSECTION
- CRITICAL ELEMENTS
- 1. RESECTION OF SUPERFICIAL GROIN LYMPH NODES
- Rationale
- Technical Aspects
- 2. REMOVAL OF A SUFFICIENT NUMBER OF LYMPH NODES FOR INGUINAL STAGING
- Rationale
- 3. RESECTION OF DEEP GROIN LYMPH NODES
- Rationale
- Technical Aspects
- 4. SARTORIUS MUSCLE ROTATION FLAP
- Rationale
- Technical Aspects
- 5. MINIMALLY INVASIVE GROIN DISSECTION
- Rationale
- Technical Aspects
- EPITROCHLEAR LYMPH NODE DISSECTION
- CRITICAL ELEMENTS
- 1. INCISION PLACEMENT
- Rationale
- 2. BOUNDARIES OF AN EPITROCHLEAR LYMPHADENECTOMY
- Rationale
- 3. IDENTIFICATION AND PRESERVATION OF THE MEDIAN NERVE AND BRACHIAL ARTERY
- Rationale
- POPLITEAL LYMPH NODE DISSECTION
- CRITICAL ELEMENTS
- 1. INCISION PLACEMENT
- Rationale
- 2. BOUNDARIES OF A POPLITEAL LYMPHADENECTOMY
- Rationale
- 3. IDENTIFICATION AND PRESERVATION OF THE TIBIAL/COMMON PERONEAL NERVES AND THE POPLITEAL VESSELS
- Rationale
- REFERENCES
- Index
