Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

List of ContributorsGeneral PrefacePreface to Volume 31 Integration of Pathways of Synthesis and Degradation of Hexose Phosphates I. Introduction II. Experimental Approach III. Reductive Pentose Phosphate Pathway IV. Gluconeogenesis V. Oxidation of Hexose Phosphates References2 myo-Inositol: Biosynthesis and Metabolism I. General Considerations II. Biosynthesis III. Metabolism IV. Concluding Remarks References3 L-Ascorbic Acid: Metabolism, Biosynthesis, Function I. General Considerations 11. Metabolism 111. Biosynthesis IV. Function V. Concluding Remarks References4 Sugar Nucleotide Transformations in Plants I. Introduction II. Activation of Monosaccharides-Kinases III. Formation of Nucleotide Sugars IV. Degradation of Nucleotide Sugars V. Nucleotide Sugar Epimerases VI. Biosynthesis of 6-Deoxyhexoses VII. De Novo Synthesis of Uronic Acids: UDP-D-Glucose Dehydrogenase VIII. De Novo Synthesis of UDP-D-Xylose:UDPD-D-Glucuronate Decarboxylase IX. Miscellaneous Nucleotide Sugars and Derivatives X. Control of Nucleotide Sugar Synthesis and Utilization References5 Branched-Chain Sugars: Occurrence and Biosynthesis I. Introduction II. D-Apiose III. D-Hamamelose IV. Branched-Chain Inositols References6 Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Sucrose I. Introduction II. Biosynthesis of Sucrose III. Sucrose as Photosynthate in C3 Plants and C4 Plants IV. Sucrose Formation and Translocation in Germinating Seeds V. Invertase and Invertase Inhibitor VI. Inulins References7 Occurrence, Metabolism, and Function of Oligosaccharides I. Introduction II. Primary Oligosaccharides III. Secondary Oligosaccharides IV. Concluding Remarks References8 Translocation of Sucrose and Oligosaccharides I. Introduction II. Substances Translocated in the Phloem III. Direction and Rates of Movement IV. Structure of Functional Sieve Tubes V. Mechanism of Long-Distance Transport VI. Export Leaf Physiology VII. Import Physiology VIII. Regulation of Translocation at the Cellular Level IX. Summary and Unresolved Problems References9 Structure and Chemistry of the Starch Granule I. Occurrence and Isolation of Starch Granules II. Physical Structure of the Granule III. Disruption of the Granule IV. The Biosynthesis of Starch Granules V. Discussion References10 Starch Biosynthesis and Degradation I. Introduction II. Starch Biosynthesis III. Starch Degradation References11 Conformation and Behavior of Polysaccharides in Solution I. Introduction II. Polysaccharide Conformational Analysis III. Polysaccharide Solution Properties IV. Refined Chain Models for Some Dissolved Polysaccharide Chains References12 Chemistry of Cell Wall Polysaccharides I. Introduction II. Cellulose III. Noncellulosic ß-D-Glucans IV. Pectic Substances V. Arabinogalactans VI. Mannans, Glucomannans, and Galactoglucomannans VII. Xylans VIII. Xyloglucans IX. Glucuronomannans X. Interpolymeric Linkages in the Cell Wall References13 Structure and Function of Plant Glycoproteins I. Introduction II. Structure III. Glycoprotein Function IV. Evolution of Glycoproteins V. Glycoprotein Futurology References14 The Biosynthesis of Cellulose I. Introduction II. Structure of Cellulose III. Biochemistry of Cellulose Biosynthesis IV. Physical Mechanisms of Cellulose Microfibril Formation V. Orientation of Cellulose Microfibrils VI. Unsolved Problems of Cellulose Biosynthesis References VII. Retrospect and Prospect15 Glycolipids I. Introduction II. Glycosyl Diglycerides III. Cerebroside IV. Phytoglycolipids V. Cardiac Glycosides and Heterosides VI. Steryl Glucosides and Acylated Steryl Glucosides VII.