Dynamic Aspects of Cell Surface Organization

General Preface Contents of Previous and Forthcoming Volumes Preface List of Contributors 1 The Dynamics of Cell Membrane Organization1. Introduction 1.1. Some Basic Principles 1.2. Some Basic Methodology 1.2.1. Physical Techniques 1.2.2. Biological Techniques 2. Dynamics of Cell Membrane Components 2.1. Lipid Motion 2.1.1. Lipid Viscosity 2.1.2. Lipid Lateral Motion 2.1.3. Lipid Perpendicular Motion 2.1.4. Lipid Phase Separation 2.2. Protein and Glycoprotein Motion 2.2.1. Lateral Mobility of Proteins and Glycoproteins 2.2.2. Ligand-Induced Redistribution of Cell Surface Components 2.2.3. Protein and Glycoprotein Turnover 3. Mechanisms of Receptor Control 3.1. Planar (Eis) Control 3.1.1. Planar or Lateral Associations 3.1.2. Domain Formation 3.2. Trans-Membrane Control 3.2.1. Peripheral Membrane Components 3.2.2. Membrane-Associated (Cytoskeletal) Components 4. Trans-Membrane Architecture 2 Freeze-Fracture Techniques and Applications to the Structural Analysis of the Mammalian Plasma Membrane 1. Introduction 2. Freeze-Fracture Technique 3. Interpretation of Freeze-Fracture Images 4. Freeze-Fracture Images of Plasma Membranes 4.1. The Erythrocyte 4.2. Other Cells 5. Intercellular Junctions 5.1. Symmetrical Junctions 5.1.1. Adherens Junctions 5.1.2. Occludens Junctions 5.1.3. Gap Junctions 5.1.3.1. Small Subunit Gap Junction 5.1.3.2. Large Subunit Gap Junctions 5.1.3.3. Gap Junction Formation And Degradation 5.2. Asymmetrical Junctions 6. Conclusions 3 Exchange of Phospholipids Between Membranes 1. Introduction 2. The Origin of the Hypothesis for Exchange Of Phospholipids Within the Cell 2.1. In Vivo Experiments 2.2. In Vitro Experiments 3. Exchange of Phospholipids Between Membranes 3.1. Identification of Phospholipid Exchange Processes 3.2. Distribution of Phospholipid Exchange Processes 3.3. Properties of Phospholipid Exchange Between Membranes 3.3.1. Phospholipid Exchange is Time- And Temperature-Dependent 3.3.2. Phospholipid Exchange Involves Intact Phospholipid Molecules 3.3.3. Phospholipid Exchange is Bidirectional 3.3.4. Phospholipid Exchange is Energy-Independent And Does Not Require Biologically Active Membranes 3.3.5. Phospholipid Exchange Involves a Major Proportion of the Phospholipid Pool 3.3.6. Phospholipid Exchange Does Not Involve All the Phospholipid Classes 3.3.7. Phospholipid Exchange Is Stimulated by the 105 000 G Supernatant 4. Phospholipid Exchange Involving Lipoproteins 4.1. Lipoprotein-Lipoprotein Exchange 4.2. Lipoproteins and Cellular Fractions 4.3. Chylomicrons and Serum Lipoproteins 4.4. Erythrocytes and Plasma Lipoproteins 4.5. Tissues and the External Medium 5. Involvement of Proteins in the Exchange of Phospholipids Between Membranes 5.1. Role of the Ph 5.1 Supernatant 5.1.1. Generalization of the Ph 5.1 Supernatant Stimulated Exchange 5.1.2. Which Phospholipids are Preferentially Transferred? 5.1.3. Evidence for the Protein Nature of the Active Fraction 5.2. Discovery of Phospholipid Exchange Proteins (Plep) 6. Phospholipid Exchange in Artificial (Model) Membranes 6.1. Phospholipid Exchange Between Liposomes and Cell Fractions 6.2. Exchange of Phospholipids Between Liposomes 7. Purification and Properties of Phospholipid Exchange Proteins 7.1. Purification 7.1.1. Phosphatidylcholine Exchange Protein From Beef Liver (Pc-Plep) 7.1.2. Plep From Beef Heart 7.1.3. Plep From Rat Intestine 7.1.4. Plep From Beef Brain (Pi-Plep) 7.1.5. Plep From Plant Cytosols 7.2. Common Properties of Phospholipid Exchange Proteins 8.