
Mastering C++ Multithreading
Description
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- [*] Explore atomic operations to optimize code performance
- [*] Apply concurrency to both distributed computing and GPGPU processing
Book DescriptionMultithreaded applications execute multiple threads in a single processor environment, allowing developers achieve concurrency. This book will teach you the finer points of multithreading and concurrency concepts and how to apply them efficiently in C++. Divided into three modules, we start with a brief introduction to the fundamentals of multithreading and concurrency concepts. We then take an in-depth look at how these concepts work at the hardware-level as well as how both operating systems and frameworks use these low-level functions. In the next module, you will learn about the native multithreading and concurrency support available in C++ since the 2011 revision, synchronization and communication between threads, debugging concurrent C++ applications, and the best programming practices in C++. In the final module, you will learn about atomic operations before moving on to apply concurrency to distributed and GPGPU-based processing. The comprehensive coverage of essential multithreading concepts means you will be able to efficiently apply multithreading concepts while coding in C++.What you will learn - [*] Deep dive into the details of the how various operating systems currently implement multithreading
- [*] Choose the best multithreading APIs when designing a new application
- [*] Explore the use of mutexes, spin-locks, and other synchronization concepts and see how to safely pass data between threads
- [*] Understand the level of API support provided by various C++ toolchains
- [*] Resolve common issues in multithreaded code and recognize common pitfalls using tools such as Memcheck, CacheGrind, DRD, Helgrind, and more
- [*] Discover the nature of atomic operations and understand how they can be useful in optimizing code
- [*] Implement a multithreaded application in a distributed computing environment
- [*] Design a C++-based GPGPU application that employs multithreading
Who this book is forThis book is for intermediate C++ developers who wish to extend their knowledge of multithreading and concurrent processing. You should have basic experience with multithreading and be comfortable using C++ development toolchains on the command line.
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Person
Maya Posch is a senior C++ developer with more than 15 years of experience. Discovering the joys of programming early on, and later the joys of electronics, she has always expressed a profound interest in technology, a passion that she gladly shares with others. Describing herself as a C developer who happens to like C++ and Ada, she likes to seek the limits of what can be done with the minimum of code and hardware to accomplish everything that is cool, new, and exciting. She also enjoys FPGA development, AI, and robotics research, in addition to creative writing, music, and drawing.
Content
- Cover
- Copyright
- Credits
- About the Author
- About the Reviewer
- www.PacktPub.com
- Customer Feedback
- Table of Contents
- Preface
- Chapter 1: Revisiting Multithreading
- Getting started
- The multithreaded application
- Makefile
- Other applications
- Summary
- Chapter 2: Multithreading Implementation on the Processor and OS
- Defining processes and threads
- Tasks in x86 (32-bit and 64-bit)
- Process state in ARM
- The stack
- Defining multithreading
- Flynn's taxonomy
- Symmetric versus asymmetric multiprocessing
- Loosely and tightly coupled multiprocessing
- Combining multiprocessing with multithreading
- Multithreading types
- Temporal multithreading
- Simultaneous multithreading (SMT)
- Schedulers
- Tracing the demo application
- Mutual exclusion implementations
- Hardware
- Software
- Summary
- Chapter 3: C++ Multithreading APIs
- API overview
- POSIX threads
- Windows support
- PThreads thread management
- Mutexes
- Condition variables
- Synchronization
- Semaphores
- Thread local storage (TLC)
- Windows threads
- Thread management
- Advanced management
- Synchronization
- Condition variables
- Thread local storage
- Boost
- Qt
- QThread
- Thread pools
- Synchronization
- QtConcurrent
- Thread local storage
- POCO
- Thread class
- Thread pool
- Thread local storage (TLS)
- Synchronization
- C++ threads
- Putting it together
- Summary
- Chapter 4: Thread Synchronization and Communication
- Safety first
- The scheduler
- High-level view
- Implementation
- Request class
- Worker class
- Dispatcher
- Makefile
- Output
- Sharing data
- Using r/w-locks
- Using shared pointers
- Summary
- Chapter 5: Native C++ Threads and Primitives
- The STL threading API
- Boost.Thread API
- The 2011 standard
- C++14
- C++17
- STL organization
- Thread class
- Basic use
- Passing parameters
- Return value
- Moving threads
- Thread ID
- Sleeping
- Yield
- Detach
- Swap
- Mutex
- Basic use
- Non-blocking locking
- Timed mutex
- Lock guard
- Unique lock
- Scoped lock
- Recursive mutex
- Recursive timed mutex
- Shared mutex
- Shared timed mutex
- Condition variable
- Condition_variable_any
- Notify all at thread exit
- Future
- Promise
- Shared future
- Packaged_task
- Async
- Launch policy
- Atomics
- Summary
- Chapter 6: Debugging Multithreaded Code
- When to start debugging
- The humble debugger
- GDB
- Debugging multithreaded code
- Breakpoints
- Back traces
- Dynamic analysis tools
- Limitations
- Alternatives
- Memcheck
- Basic use
- Error types
- Illegal read / illegal write errors
- Use of uninitialized values
- Uninitialized or unaddressable system call values
- Illegal frees
- Mismatched deallocation
- Overlapping source and destination
- Fishy argument values
- Memory leak detection
- Helgrind
- Basic use
- Misuse of the pthreads API
- Lock order problems
- Data races
- DRD
- Basic use
- Features
- C++11 threads support
- Summary
- Chapter 7: Best Practices
- Proper multithreading
- Wrongful expectations - deadlocks
- Being careless - data races
- Mutexes aren't magic
- Locks are fancy mutexes
- Threads versus the future
- Static order of initialization
- Summary
- Chapter 8: Atomic Operations - Working with the Hardware
- Atomic operations
- Visual C++
- GCC
- Memory order
- Other compilers
- C++11 atomics
- Example
- Non-class functions
- Example
- Atomic flag
- Memory order
- Relaxed ordering
- Release-acquire ordering
- Release-consume ordering
- Sequentially-consistent ordering
- Volatile keyword
- Summary
- Chapter 9: Multithreading with Distributed Computing
- Distributed computing, in a nutshell
- MPI
- Implementations
- Using MPI
- Compiling MPI applications
- The cluster hardware
- Installing Open MPI
- Linux and BSDs
- Windows
- Distributing jobs across nodes
- Setting up an MPI node
- Creating the MPI host file
- Running the job
- Using a cluster scheduler
- MPI communication
- MPI data types
- Custom types
- Basic communication
- Advanced communication
- Broadcasting
- Scattering and gathering
- MPI versus threads
- Potential issues
- Summary
- Chapter 10: Multithreading with GPGPU
- The GPGPU processing model
- Implementations
- OpenCL
- Common OpenCL applications
- OpenCL versions
- OpenCL 1.0
- OpenCL 1.1
- OpenCL 1.2
- OpenCL 2.0
- OpenCL 2.1
- OpenCL 2.2
- Setting up a development environment
- Linux
- Windows
- OS X/MacOS
- A basic OpenCL application
- GPU memory management
- GPGPU and multithreading
- Latency
- Potential issues
- Debugging GPGPU applications
- Summary
- Index
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File format: PDF
Copy-Protection: Adobe-DRM (Digital Rights Management)
System requirements:
- Computer (Windows; MacOS X; Linux): Install the free reader Adobe Digital Editions prior to download (see eBook Help).
- Tablet/smartphone (Android; iOS): Install the free app Adobe Digital Editions or the app PocketBook before downloading (see eBook Help).
- E-reader: Bookeen, Kobo, Pocketbook, Sony, Tolino and many more (only limited: Kindle).
The file format PDF always displays a book page identically on any hardware. This makes PDF suitable for complex layouts such as those used in textbooks and reference books (images, tables, columns, footnotes). Unfortunately, on the small screens of e-readers or smartphones, PDFs are rather annoying, requiring too much scrolling.
This eBook uses Adobe-DRM, a „hard” copy protection. If the necessary requirements are not met, unfortunately you will not be able to open the eBook. You will therefore need to prepare your reading hardware before downloading.
Please note: We strongly recommend that you authorise using your personal Adobe ID after installation of any reading software.
For more information, see our eBook Help page.