Britannica Guide to Explorers and Explorations That Changed the Modern World
1st Edition
Published on 10. January 2009
351 pages
978-1-61530-065-5 (ISBN)
Description
There was a time when every voyage contained an element of the unknown. Today, however, the world spreads out before us carefully mapped and plotted. One must credit explorers with this transformation. Readers will devour these tales of explorers who have pushed geographic and personal boundaries, leaving virtually no corner of the globe off limits.
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Content
- Book Cover
- Title
- Copyright
- CONTENTS
- Introduction
- Chapter 1: Early Explorers
- EXPLORATION OF THE ATLANTIC COASTLINES
- ERIK THE RED
- LEIF ERIKSSON THE LUCKY
- VINLAND
- PERSIAN AND ROMAN EXPLORATIONS
- EAST-WEST CONTACT IN EURASIA
- TRAVELS OF IBN BATTUAH
- TRAVELS OF MARCO POLO
- Chapter 2: The Age of Discovery
- THE SEA ROUTE EAST BY SOUTH TO CATHAY
- BARTOLOMEU DIAS AND THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE
- VASCO DA GAMA AND THE ROUTE TO INDIA
- THE FIRST VOYAGE
- THE SECOND VOYAGE
- THE THIRD VOYAGE
- COLUMBUS'S VOYAGES TO THE NEW WORLD
- PREPARATION FOR THE FIRST VOYAGE
- THE FIRST VOYAGE
- THE SECOND AND THIRD VOYAGES
- THE FOURTH VOYAGE AND FINAL YEARS
- VESPUCCI'S TRAVELS TO SOUTH AMERICA
- MAGELLAN AND THE CIRCUMNAVIGATION OF THE EARTH
- ALLEGIANCE TO SPAIN
- DISCOVERY OF THE STRAIT OF MAGELLAN
- CIRCUMNAVIGATION OF THE GLOBE
- Chapter 3: Colonial Exploration of the New World
- SPAIN: THE CONQUESTS
- BALBOA REACHES THE PACIFIC
- CORTÉS AND THE CONQUEST OF THE AZTECS
- FRANCISCO PIZARRO AND THE CONQUEST OF THE INCAS
- DE SOTO AND THE DISCOVERY OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER
- CORONADO'S EXPEDITIONS IN SOUTHWESTERN NORTH AMERICA
- JUAN PONCE DE LEÓN: FLORIDA AND THE FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH
- FRANCE IN NORTH AMERICA
- VERRAZZANO'S EXPLORATION OF THE EASTERN COAST
- CARTIER'S EXPLORATION OF THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER
- SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN
- LA SALLE'S EXPLORATION OF THE INTERIOR
- Chapter 4: Journeys of Inquiry
- TASMAN'S DISCOVERIES IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC
- DRAKE'S CIRCUMNAVIGATION
- LA PÉROUSE AND DUMONT D'URVILLE'S EXPLORATIONS OF THE PACIFIC
- VOYAGES OF JAMES COOK
- EARLY CAREER
- VOYAGES AND DISCOVERIES
- HUMBOLDT'S EXPLORATION OF SOUTH AMERICA
- INTO THE HEART OF AFRICA
- LIVINGSTONE'S JOURNEYS INTO THE CONTINENTAL CENTRE
- STANLEY'S EXPLORATIONS
- RICHARD BURTON AND THE SOURCE OF THE NILE
- Chapter 5: Arctic Exploration
- ENGLISH AND DUTCH EXPLORATION OF THE EURASIAN ARCTIC
- HUDSON'S EXPEDITIONS
- THE SEARCH FOR THE NORTHEAST PASSAGE
- THE VOYAGE TO HUDSON BAY
- EARLY RUSSIAN EXPLORATION
- CONQUEST OF THE NORTHEAST PASSAGE
- THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE
- 19TH CENTURY ATTEMPTS AT THE PASSAGE
- TRAVERSES OF THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE SINCE 1900
- THE NORTH POLE
- THE FRAM EXPEDITION
- THE RACE FOR THE POLE
- SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION
- SVALBARD
- THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC
- GREENLAND
- THE NORTH AMERICAN ARCTIC
- THE ARCTIC OCEAN
- Chapter 6: Exploration of Antarctica
- VOYAGES OF BELLINGSHAUSEN, BRANSFIELD, AND PALMER BRANSFIELD, AND PALMER
- VOYAGES OF DUMONT D'URVILLE, WILKES, AND ROSS
- THE "HEROIC AGE" OF EXPLORATION
- DISCOVERY OF THE ANTARCTIC POLES
- SHACKLETON AND SCOTT'S ILL-FATED ATTEMPTS
- AMUNDSEN'S SUCCESSFUL EXPEDITION
- EXPLORATION SINCE 1920
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS IN EXPLORATION
- NATIONAL RIVALRIES AND CLAIMS
- SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION
- THE DEVELOPMENT OF IGY
- POST-IGY RESEARCH
- Chapter 7: The Quest for Everest
- EARLY EXPEDITIONS
- ATTEMPT OF 1922
- ATTEMPT OF 1924
- ATTEMPT OF 1933
- RECONNAISSANCE OF 1935
- ATTEMPTS OF 1936 AND 1938
- GOLDEN AGE OF EVEREST CLIMBS
- SPRING ATTEMPT OF 1952
- AUTUMN ATTEMPT OF 1952
- THE HISTORIC ASCENT OF 1953
- EVEREST-LHOTSE, 1956
- ATTEMPTS OF 1960
- THE U.S. ASCENT OF 1963
- THE INDIAN ASCENT OF 1965
- DEVELOPMENTS 1965 TO 1980
- THE SOUTHWEST FACE
- THE FIRST ASCENT BY A WOMAN
- THE WEST RIDGE DIRECT ASCENT
- CLIMBING WITHOUT SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN
- THE NORTH APPROACH
- THE 1980S
- FIRST SOLO CLIMB
- FURTHER EXPLORATION FROM TIBET
- DEVELOPMENTS IN NEPAL
- THE END OF AN ERA
- NOTABLE CLIMBERS
- GEORGE MALLORY
- JOHN HUNT
- EDMUND HILLARY
- TENZING NORGAY
- REINHOLD MESSNER
- Chapter 8: Reaching for Great Heights and Depths
- AUGUSTE PICCARD AND EARLY ASCENTS INTO THE STRATOSPHERE
- SUBSEQUENT STRATOSPHERIC FLIGHTS
- SUPERPRESSURE BALLOONS
- INTRODUCTION OF THE BATHYSPHERE
- AUGUSTE PICCARD AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BATHYSCAPHE
- Chapter 9: Notable Archaelogical Finds
- POMPEII
- HISTORY
- HISTORY OF EXCAVATIONS
- DESCRIPTION OF THE REMAINS
- INFLUENCE ON EUROPEAN CULTURE
- IMPORTANCE AS HISTORICAL SOURCE
- TROY
- GEOGRAPHY
- ARCHAEOLOGY
- KNOSSOS
- HISTORY
- PALACE OF MINOS
- MACHU PICCHU
- SITE AND EXCAVATION
- ARCHITECTURE AND TOURISM
- VALLEY OF THE KINGS AND TUTANKHAMEN
- VALLEY OF THE KINGS
- TUTANKHAMEN AND HIS TOMB
- EASTER ISLAND
- ARCHAEOLOGY
- OLDUVAI GORGE
- THE FOSSIL BEDS
- Glossary
- Further Reading
- Index
- Back Cover
