Confidence and Changes

Name: Confidence and Changes | Managing Social Protection in the New Millennium
Brand: Kluwer Law International
Price: 210.99 EUR
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Managing Social Protection in the New Millennium

Danny Pieter(Editor)

Kluwer Law International (Publisher)

Published on 1. December 2001

312 pages

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978-90-411-7507-6 (ISBN)

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The idea of "competitive flexibility" fostered by open market economics has deeply eroded the established social security systems of the developed nations. The confidence of wage-earners, who depend on an administrative "safety net" to protect them from loss of income, has virtually disappeared. Social exclusion and poverty have become inescapable threats for the average worker.

It was to tackle this enormously important issue that the European Institute of Social Security (EISS), a leading multidisciplinary research group dedicated to exploring the frontiers of social security, met in June 2000, in Goteborg in Sweden. Twenty members of the Institute prepared papers for delivery at the conference, all of which are now printed in this book. These papers - all of them meticulously researched studies of the most sensitive and far-reaching problems in the current crisis of confidence in social security systems - include discussion of such elements as the following:

- the shift in emphasis from compensation for loss of income to a more preventive approach based on income security;

- measures against social exclusion enacted by the European Union;

- the meaning of the term "employability" as revealed in EU Member States' National Action Plans (NAPS);

- the growing pressure on beneficiaries to "perform" rather than "conform";

- the interplay in international law between human rights and social security;

- labour market participation according to gender and educational level;

- labour market participation among families with young children;

- the promise of a "federal" social security system in Europe; and

- objective standards vs. "moral hazard" in labour market insurance.

Various reform initiatives (including the controversial debate on private sector funding) are also covered, making Confidence and Changes the most wide-ranging and provocative book on the subject available today to policymakers, academics, researchers and business people. This is a collective work of great value for the current and future determination of social security management systems, not only in Europe but throughout the world.

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Cover
Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Introduction
Dynamics of the Welfare State Regimes and Employability (A Study Based on the National Action Plans for Employment, 1998-2000)
I. WELFARE STATES AND EMPLOYMENT POLICIES
A. Work and freedoms
B. Types of welfare states and employment policies
II. GUIDELINES AND EMPLOYABILITIES
A. Understanding the Luxembourg process
B. Where do the countries stand?
III. DYNAMICS OF EMPLOYABILITY POLICIES AND JUSTICE
A. Reforming the institutions embedding the labour market
B. Promoting a flexible labour market, open to all
C. Employability policies and confidence
IV. CONCLUSION: RIGHTS, EMPLOYABILITY AND CONFIDENCE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
REFERENCES
Activation Policies and Legal Safeguards: The Case of Finland
INTRODUCTION
LEGAL SECURITY
ACTIVATION POLICIES
ACTIVATION OF UNEMPLOYED JOBSEEKERS IN FINLAND
ACTIVATION OF IMMIGRANTS IN FINLAND
CONCLUSIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Is There An Optimal Way Out of the Pension Crisis? An Investigation of Different Approaches
INTRODUCTION
DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE AS THE CAUSE OF PENSION REFORMS
POSSIBILITIES FOR INTRA PAY-AS-YOU-GO REFORMS
Increasing the revenues of the pension system
Increasing the age of retirement
Decreasing the pension level
FULLY FUNDING VERSUS PAY-AS-YOU-GO
The arguments against a complete transition
Why do pension systems need more funding?
CASE STUDIES FOR A PENSION REFORM
Sweden
Austria
Germany
CONCLUDING REMARKS
REFERENCES
Human Rights and Social Exclusion: The New European Agenda
I. INTRODUCTION
II. SOCIAL EXCLUSION AS A THREAT TO THE ENJOYMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
III. HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS TO COMBAT SOCIAL EXCLUSION
3.1. European Union judicial instruments to combat social exclusion
3.2. Judicial instruments of the Council of Europe in the field of social exclusion
IV. THE NEW EUROPEAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION
4.1. Activities within the European Union
4.2. Activities within the Council of Europe
V. THE DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPEAN RIGHTS-BASED STRATEGIES TO COMBAT SOCIAL EXCLUSION: TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES
5.1. Policy scenarios for European strategies in the field of social exclusion
VI. CONCLUSIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Social Protection, Gender and Poverty Issues
1. INTRODUCTION
2. MULTI-SPEED EMANCIPATION
2.1. Employment patterns according to educational level
2.2. Multi-speed labour market participation
3. THE IMPACT OF FEMALE LABOUR MARKET PARTICIPATION ON POVERTY
3.1. Skills and dual earnership
3.2. Impact of female earnings on poverty
4. POLICY CONCLUSIONS: FEMALE LABOUR PARTICIPATION AND CARE
4.1. Care-orientation in labour-market policy
4.2. Care-orientation in social protection
4.3. Care orientation in taxation
4.4. Equity in an individualised society
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A New Crisis in European Populations. Do Modern Family Policies Help?
1. INTRODUCTION
2. IS THERE A CRISIS IN EUROPEAN POPULATIONS?
3. HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENTS AND THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK
4. CAN PUBLIC POLICIES STOP THE POSTPONEMENT TREND?
5. PATTERNS OF PAID WORK DURING THE FIRST FIVE YEARS OF MATERNITY
6. POSTPONEMENT OF MATERNITY AND ULTIMATE CHILDLESSNESS
7. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Managing Social Security for What?
I. RE-MANAGING THE CULTURE OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM
The cost-driven neglect of substantive justice
Political management
Languages of remanagement and policy closure
II. THE MEANING OF SOCIAL SECURITY - AN 'ESSENTIALLY NEGLECTED CONCEPT'?
III. THE OBJECTIVES OF SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS
IV. MANAGING FOR SOCIAL SECURITY
The hidden alternatives to public social security
V. WHAT THEN IS TO BE DONE?
An opportune time
NOTE
REFERENCES
Reform of the Swedish Pension System
1. INTRODUCTION
2. BACKGROUND
3. GENERAL SERVICE PENSION
4. POLICY GOAL FORMULATION
5. BACKGROUND STATISTICS
6. REFORMS - EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION
7. IMBALANCES AS AN ARGUMENT FOR RETIREMENT REFORM
8. REFORM
9. CONCLUSIONS
Social Protection: Public, Semi-Public or Private?
1. INTRODUCTION
2. TWO EXAMPLES
3. THE EUROPEAN EMPLOYMENT STRATEGY
3.1. General structure: a 'soft' approach
3.2. Policy goals
3.3. Compatibility with EU competition law
3.4. Evaluation
4. USING FINANCIAL INCENTIVES ORIGINATING IN PRIVATE LAW
4.1. General idea
4.2. Evaluation
5. CONCLUSIONS
From Unemployment to Labour Market Insurance
I. THE BASIC PROBLEMS OF UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE SCHEMES
a. Objective standard and moral hazard
b. The right to a freely chosen occupation
c. Is there a solution?
2. NECESSARY DISTINCTION BETWEEN THREE TYPES OF RISK SITUATION
a. Short-term unemployed
b. Medium-term unemployed
c. Long-term unemployed
3. THE SHORT-TERM UNEMPLOYED
4. THE MEDIUM-TERM UNEMPLOYED
5. THE LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYED
Exporting a European Idea of Social Protection: The Fight Against 'Competitive Flexibility' in the Globalised Economy
1. LEARNING FROM THE PAST, THINKING TO THE FUTURE: TOWARDS A 'LABOUR MARKET INTEGRATED SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEM'
2. MODELLING SOCIAL PROTECTION: AN EU COMMITTMENT AGAINST SOCIAL DUMPING?
3. PREVENTING INTERNAL COMPETITIVE FLEXIBILITY: THE ENLARGEMENT PERSPECTIVE
4. GLOBALISATION, INTERNATIONAL DEBT AND EXTERNAL COMPETITIVE FLEXIBILITY: A PROPOSAL
REFERENCES
Confidence and the Question of Political Levels - Towards a Multilevel System of Social Security in Europe?
I. INTRODUCTION: SOCIAL SECURITY - A PROMISE WITHOUT PROMISSOR?
1. The fading of the nation state
2. The alternative responses
II. THE APPROPRIATE POLITICAL LEVEL FOR SOCIAL SECURITY
1. The 'magic triangle'
2. The desirability of the three aims
3. The conflict of the three aims
III. COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM AND SOCIAL SECURITY IN THE US
1. Overview
2. Complete centralization
3. Federal socket plus optional state supplementation
4. Federal matching grants
5. Federal block grant
6. Federal tax incentives for the provision of social insurance
7. Threat of a national standard
8. Summary
IV. COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM AS A VIABLE OPTION FOR THE EU?
1. Too far-fetched?
2. A tentative suggestion
3. Open questions
Social Security Reform and the Law
I. INTRODUCTION
II. INTERNATIONAL LAW
1. United Nations
2. International Labour Organisation
3. Council of Europe
4. European Union
III. NATIONAL LAW
1. Right to social security
2. Property
3. Equality
4. Acquired rights and basic needs
5. Protection of confidence by transition al provisions
IV. IN WHAT TO TRUST?
1. The absence of any reform?
2. The absence of landslide reforms
3. Fairness, equality, proportionality and compassion
V. CONFIDENCE - HOW, IF PROTECTION IS NOT PROVIDED FOR NOW?
Social Workers, Their Approaches to Clients and the Credibility of Social Security Measures
DILEMMAS, THEIR SOLUTIONS, CONFIDENCE
Clients' problems as situations or demands (situationalist or proceduralist approach)?
Monological impact or dialogue?
Quality or quantity?
Complexity or simplification?
CONCLUSIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Towards Social Protection: Lessons From A Comparative Perspective
1. INTRODUCTION
2. TOWARDS SOCIAL PROTECTION: A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1. Protection of society and structural change as social security goals
2.2. Poverty, social exclusion and social security
2.3. Social security and the labour market: an integrated framework
3. THE EXISTING SOCIAL SECURITY FRAMEWORK: AN OVERVIEW
4. LABOUR MARKET INDICATORS
5. EXCLUSION AND MARGINALISATION IN SOUTH AFRICAN SOCIAL SECURITY
5.1. Statutorily excluded workers
5.2. Persons not covered as a result of a lack of a statutory compulsion
5.3. The poor, the structurally unemployed and the informally employed
5.4. Non-citizen migrant workers
6. SALIENT ISSUES IN SOUTH AFRICAN SOCIAL SECURITY: LESSONS FROM A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE
6.1. Constitutional and international law pointers
6.2. Reintegration, prevention and the work ethic
6.3. The concept of work, dependency and the informal sector/economy
7. CONCLUSION
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Confidence and Changes

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