
Prompt Engineering for Generative AI
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Content
- Cover
- Copyright
- Table of Contents
- Preface
- Software Requirements for This Book
- Conventions Used in This Book
- Using Code Examples
- O'Reilly Online Learning
- How to Contact Us
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 1. The Five Principles of Prompting
- Overview of the Five Principles of Prompting
- 1. Give Direction
- 2. Specify Format
- 3. Provide Examples
- 4. Evaluate Quality
- 5. Divide Labor
- Summary
- Chapter 2. Introduction to Large Language Models for Text Generation
- What Are Text Generation Models?
- Vector Representations: The Numerical Essence of Language
- Transformer Architecture: Orchestrating Contextual Relationships
- Probabilistic Text Generation: The Decision Mechanism
- Historical Underpinnings: The Rise of Transformer Architectures
- OpenAI's Generative Pretrained Transformers
- GPT-3.5-turbo and ChatGPT
- GPT-4
- Google's Gemini
- Meta's Llama and Open Source
- Leveraging Quantization and LoRA
- Mistral
- Anthropic: Claude
- GPT-4V(ision)
- Model Comparison
- Summary
- Chapter 3. Standard Practices for Text Generation with ChatGPT
- Generating Lists
- Hierarchical List Generation
- When to Avoid Using Regular Expressions
- Generating JSON
- YAML
- Filtering YAML Payloads
- Handling Invalid Payloads in YAML
- Diverse Format Generation with ChatGPT
- Mock CSV Data
- Explain It like I'm Five
- Universal Translation Through LLMs
- Ask for Context
- Text Style Unbundling
- Identifying the Desired Textual Features
- Generating New Content with the Extracted Features
- Extracting Specific Textual Features with LLMs
- Summarization
- Summarizing Given Context Window Limitations
- Chunking Text
- Benefits of Chunking Text
- Scenarios for Chunking Text
- Poor Chunking Example
- Chunking Strategies
- Sentence Detection Using SpaCy
- Building a Simple Chunking Algorithm in Python
- Sliding Window Chunking
- Text Chunking Packages
- Text Chunking with Tiktoken
- Encodings
- Understanding the Tokenization of Strings
- Estimating Token Usage for Chat API Calls
- Sentiment Analysis
- Techniques for Improving Sentiment Analysis
- Limitations and Challenges in Sentiment Analysis
- Least to Most
- Planning the Architecture
- Coding Individual Functions
- Adding Tests
- Benefits of the Least to Most Technique
- Challenges with the Least to Most Technique
- Role Prompting
- Benefits of Role Prompting
- Challenges of Role Prompting
- When to Use Role Prompting
- GPT Prompting Tactics
- Avoiding Hallucinations with Reference
- Give GPTs "Thinking Time"
- The Inner Monologue Tactic
- Self-Eval LLM Responses
- Classification with LLMs
- Building a Classification Model
- Majority Vote for Classification
- Criteria Evaluation
- Meta Prompting
- Summary
- Chapter 4. Advanced Techniques for Text Generation with LangChain
- Introduction to LangChain
- Environment Setup
- Chat Models
- Streaming Chat Models
- Creating Multiple LLM Generations
- LangChain Prompt Templates
- LangChain Expression Language (LCEL)
- Using PromptTemplate with Chat Models
- Output Parsers
- LangChain Evals
- OpenAI Function Calling
- Parallel Function Calling
- Function Calling in LangChain
- Extracting Data with LangChain
- Query Planning
- Creating Few-Shot Prompt Templates
- Fixed-Length Few-Shot Examples
- Formatting the Examples
- Selecting Few-Shot Examples by Length
- Limitations with Few-Shot Examples
- Saving and Loading LLM Prompts
- Data Connection
- Document Loaders
- Text Splitters
- Text Splitting by Length and Token Size
- Text Splitting with Recursive Character Splitting
- Task Decomposition
- Prompt Chaining
- Sequential Chain
- itemgetter and Dictionary Key Extraction
- Structuring LCEL Chains
- Document Chains
- Stuff
- Refine
- Map Reduce
- Map Re-rank
- Summary
- Chapter 5. Vector Databases with FAISS and Pinecone
- Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG)
- Introducing Embeddings
- Document Loading
- Memory Retrieval with FAISS
- RAG with LangChain
- Hosted Vector Databases with Pinecone
- Self-Querying
- Alternative Retrieval Mechanisms
- Summary
- Chapter 6. Autonomous Agents with Memory and Tools
- Chain-of-Thought
- Agents
- Reason and Act (ReAct)
- Reason and Act Implementation
- Using Tools
- Using LLMs as an API (OpenAI Functions)
- Comparing OpenAI Functions and ReAct
- Use Cases for OpenAI Functions
- ReAct
- Use Cases for ReAct
- Agent Toolkits
- Customizing Standard Agents
- Custom Agents in LCEL
- Understanding and Using Memory
- Long-Term Memory
- Short-Term Memory
- Short-Term Memory in QA Conversation Agents
- Memory in LangChain
- Preserving the State
- Querying the State
- ConversationBufferMemory
- Other Popular Memory Types in LangChain
- ConversationBufferWindowMemory
- ConversationSummaryMemory
- ConversationSummaryBufferMemory
- ConversationTokenBufferMemory
- OpenAI Functions Agent with Memory
- Advanced Agent Frameworks
- Plan-and-Execute Agents
- Tree of Thoughts
- Callbacks
- Global (Constructor) Callbacks
- Request-Specific Callbacks
- The Verbose Argument
- When to Use Which?
- Token Counting with LangChain
- Summary
- Chapter 7. Introduction to Diffusion Models for Image Generation
- OpenAI DALL-E
- Midjourney
- Stable Diffusion
- Google Gemini
- Text to Video
- Model Comparison
- Summary
- Chapter 8. Standard Practices for Image Generation with Midjourney
- Format Modifiers
- Art Style Modifiers
- Reverse Engineering Prompts
- Quality Boosters
- Negative Prompts
- Weighted Terms
- Prompting with an Image
- Inpainting
- Outpainting
- Consistent Characters
- Prompt Rewriting
- Meme Unbundling
- Meme Mapping
- Prompt Analysis
- Summary
- Chapter 9. Advanced Techniques for Image Generation with Stable Diffusion
- Running Stable Diffusion
- AUTOMATIC1111 Web User Interface
- Img2Img
- Upscaling Images
- Interrogate CLIP
- SD Inpainting and Outpainting
- ControlNet
- Segment Anything Model (SAM)
- DreamBooth Fine-Tuning
- Stable Diffusion XL Refiner
- Summary
- Chapter 10. Building AI-Powered Applications
- AI Blog Writing
- Topic Research
- Expert Interview
- Generate Outline
- Text Generation
- Writing Style
- Title Optimization
- AI Blog Images
- User Interface
- Summary
- Index
- About the Authors
- Colophon
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