The Lumbar Intervertebral Disc

Section I Basic Science
1 The Epidemiology and Economics of Intervertebral Disc Disease
2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc and Endplates
3 Biology of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc
4 Biomechanics of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc
5 The Mechanisms of Pain from Intervertebral Discs
6 The Biology and Biomechanics of the Spinal Degenerative Cascade
Section II Disc Herniation
7 Pathophysiology and Etiology of Intervertebral Disc Herniation
8 Clinical Features of Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
9 Nonsurgical Treatment of Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
10 Percutaneous Decompression
11 Decompressive Surgery for Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (Open, Micro, and Minimally Invasive Approaches)
12 Annular Repair and Barrier Technologies
Section III Degenerative Disc Disease
13 Clinical Presentation of Disc Degeneration
14 Degenerative Disc Imaging
15 Provocative Testing (Discography)
16 Presurgical Psychological Screening
Section IV Treatment of Degenerative Disc Disease
17 Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy
18 The Role of Education and Back Schools
19 Cognitive Therapy for Symptomatic Disc Degeneration
20 Biologic Therapies for Disc Repair
21 Intradiscal Therapy
22 Nucleus Augmentation
23 Interspinous Devices
24 Posterior Nonfusion Pedicle Screw-based Stabilization
25 Lumbar Spine Arthroplasty
26 Spinal Fusion: Posterior Approaches
27 Spinal Fusion: Anterior Approach
28 Spinal Fusion: Combined Anteroposterior Approach
29 Minimally Invasive Spinal Fusion Procedures
30 Biologics for Spinal Fusion
31 Postoperative Rehabilitation of Lumbar Spine Patients
32 Surgical Treatment of Degenerative Lumbar Disc Disease: A Critical Review