List of Abbreviations

AC

adenylyl cyclase

ACE

angiotensin converting enzyme

ACh

acetylcholine

ACTH

adrenocorticotrophic hormone

ADH

antidiuretic hormone

ADP

adenosine diphosphate

Adr

adrenaline

AEA

arachydonoyl ethanolamide

2-AG

2-arachydonoylglycerol

AIDS

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

?-ALA

d-aminolaevulinic acid

AMP

adenosine monophosphate

AMPA

a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazolepropionic acid

ANP

atrial natriuretic peptide

AP

action potential

APC

Adenomatous polyposis coli

APUD

amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation

ARP

absolute refractory period

ASBT

apical sodium-dependent bile transporter

ASIC

acid-sensing ion channel

AT-I

anti-thrombin I

ATP

adenosine triphosphate

ATPS

ambient temperature, pressure, saturated with water

a-v

arterio-venous

AV

atrioventricular

AVP

arginine vasopressin

BAT

brown adipose tissue

BC

basket cell

BDNF

brain-derived neurotrophic factor

BFGF

basic fibroblast growth factor

BMI

body mass index

BMR

basal metabolic rate

BNP

brain natriuretic peptide

Bötz C

Bötzinger complex

2,3-BPG

2,3-bisphosphoglycerate

BTPS

body temperature, pressure, saturated with water

c.a.

carbonic anhydrase

[Ca2+]i

cytosolic free calcium concentration

CaM

calmodulin

cAMP

cyclic adenosine monophosphate

CBF

cerebral blood flow

CCK

cholecystokinin

CD

Crohn's disease

cf

climbing fibre

CFTR

cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

CFU

colony-forming unit

CG

chorionic gonadotrophin

cGMP

cyclic guanosine monophosphate

CGRP

calcitonin gene-related peptide

CHF

congestive heart failure

CICR

calcium-induced calcium release

CNS

central nervous system

CO

carbon monoxide

COMT

catechol O-methyltransferase

COX

cyclooxygenase

CP

creatine phosphate

cPAG

caudal periaqueductal grey

CPD

citrate-phosphate-dextrose

CPG

central pattern generator

CPK

creatine phosphokinase

CREB

cAMP response-element-binding protein

CRH

corticotrophin-releasing hormone

CS

chorionic somatomammotrophin

CSA

central sleep apnoea

CSF

cerebrospinal fluid

CSF

colony-stimulating factor

CVLM

caudal ventrolateral medulla

Cx

connexin

DAG

diacylglycerol

DH

dorsal horn

1,25-DHCC

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol)

DHP

dihydropyridine

DIT

di-iodotyrosine

DMH

dorsomedial hypothalamus

DMT1

divalent metal transporter type 1

DOC

11-deoxycorticosterone

L-DOPA

L-dihydroxyphenylalanine

DRG

dorsal respiratory group

DRG

dorsal root ganglion

DTH

delayed-type hypersensitivity

EC

enterochromaffin

ECC

excitation-contraction coupling

ECF

extracellular fluid

ECG

electrocardiogram

ECL

enterochromaffin-like

ECT

electroconvulsive shock therapy

EDHF

endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor

EDRF

endothelium-derived relaxing factor

EDTA

ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid

EEG

electroencephalogram

EGF

epidermal growth factor

EJP

excitatory junction potential

ELISA

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

EMG

electromyogram

ENaC

epithelial sodium channel

EOG

electro-oculogram

EPSP

excitatory postsynaptic potential

ER

endoplasmic reticulum

ERV

expiratory reserve volume

ET-1

endothelin 1

exp

expiration

FAAH

fatty acid amide hydrolase

FABP

fatty acid-binding protein

FADH2

flavin adenine dinucleotide (reduced)

FATP

fatty-acid transporter protein

FEF

forced expiratory flow (rate)

FEV1

forced expiratory volume in 1s

fMRI

functional magnetic resonance imaging

FRC

functional residual capacity

FSH

follicle-stimulating hormone

FVC

forced vital capacity

G protein

GTP-regulatory protein

G17, G34

amino acid chain lengths of gastrin

GABA

?-aminobutyric acid

GAP

GTPase-activating factor

GDP

guanosine diphosphate

GEF

GDP-GTP exchange factor

GEMM

granulocyte, erythroid, monocyte and megakaryocyte

GFAP

glial fibrillary acidic protein

GFR

glomerular filtration rate

GH

growth hormone

GHRH

growth hormone-releasing hormone

GI

gastrointestinal

GIP

gastric inhibitory peptide

GIP

glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide

GL

galanin

GLP

glucagon-like peptide

GLP-1

glucagon-like peptide-1

GLUT2

glucose transporter type 2

GLUT5

glucose transporter type 5

GnRH

gonadotrophin-releasing hormone

GoC

Golgi cell

GORD

gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

GPCR

G-protein coupled receptor

GrC

granule cell

GRP

gastrin-releasing peptide

GTP

guanosine triphosphate

H. pylori

Helicobacter pylori

H2O2

hydrogen peroxide

Hb

haemoglobin

HCG

human chorionic gonadotrophin

HCl

hydrochloric acid

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus

HLA

human leukocyte antigen

HMM

heavy meromyosin

HMWK

high molecular weight kininogen

11b-HSD-2

11ß-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase

5-HT

5-hydroxytryptamine, serotonin

ib,Na

background sodium current

IBD

inflammatory bowel disease

IBS

inflammatory bowel syndrome

IC

inspiratory capacity

iCa,L

L-type (long-lasting) calcium current

iCa,T

T-type (transient) calcium current

ICC

interstitial cell of Cajal

ICF

intracellular fluid

ICSI

intracytoplasmic sperm injection

IDDM

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

if

'funny' hyperpolarization-activated inward current

Ig

immunoglobulin

IgA

immunoglobulin A

IgD

immunoglobulin D

IgE

immunoglobulin E

IGF

insulin-like growth factor

IgG

mmunoglobulin G

IgM

immunoglobulin M

IJP

inhibitory junction potential

iK

delayed rectifying potassium current

iK1

inward rectifying potassium current

IML

intermediolateral cell column

iNa

fast sodium current

iNCX

sodium-calcium exchanger current

INR

international normalized ratio

Ins-1

insulin substrate-1

insp

inspiration

IP3

inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate

IPAN

intrinsic primary afferent neurone

IPSP

inhibitory postsynaptic...