Cerebral Cortex
Normal and Altered States of Function
Published on 11. November 2013
XVI, 535 pages
978-1-4615-6622-9 (ISBN)
Description
This volume of the series on "Cerebral Cortex" deals with a variety of topics that need to be considered in our overall understanding of the functions of the cerebral hemispheres. Chapters in the first part of this volume deal with normal functions that were not covered in earlier volumes, while chapters in the latter part deal with the functioning of the cortex in various altered states. The first chapter is by Eberhard Fetz, Keisuke Toyama, and Wade Smith, and it considers the interactions that can be demonstrated to exist between cortical neurons by using the technique of cross-correlation. The second chapter is by Brent Vogt who examines the connections and functions of layer I of the cerebral cortex, a layer that has been largely ignored in the past, and he proposes that this layer probably plays an important role in learning and memory acquisi tion. This is followed by a chapter in which Oswald Steward presents a review of what is currently known about synaptic replacement following denervation of cortical neurons, and especially those in the hippocampus.
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04/2012
Springer
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04/1991
Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers
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Content
1 Synaptic Interactions between Cortical Neurons.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Visual Cortex.- 3. Auditory Cortex.- 4. Somatosensory Cortex.- 5. Motor Cortex.- 6. Association Cortex.- 7. Hippocampus.- 8. Summary and Conclusions.- 9. References.- 2 The Role of Layer I in Cortical Function.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Behavioral Role of Layer I.- 3. Layer I in Sensory Cortices.- 4. Architecture of Layer I.- 5. The Proximal and Distal GABAergic Systems.- 6. Compartmentation of Afferent Connections.- 7. Passive and Active Interactions between Distal and Proximal Dendritic Compartments.- 8. Cholinergic Projections: Organization and Role in Event Holding.- 9. Noradrenergic Projections to Layer I and Memory Consolidation.- 10. What Is the Role of Layer I in Cortical Function?.- 11. References.- 3 Synapse Replacement on Cortical Neurons following Denervation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Process of Reinnervation in the Dentate Gyrus of Adult Rats: Nature of the Growth Response of Pre- and Postsynaptic Elements.- 3. Role of Glial Cells in Synapse Remodeling.- 4. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Lesion-Induced Growth.- 5. Cellular and Molecular Processes Associated with the Phase of Terminal Degeneration, Dendritic Atrophy, and Glial Proliferation and Hypertrophy.- 6. Cellular and Molecular Processes Associated with the Phase of Terminal Proliferation, Synaptogenesis, and Dendritic Regrowth.- 7. Conclusion.- 8. References.- 4 Olfactory Frontal Cortex and Multiple Olfactory Processing in Primates.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Olfactory Frontal Cortex in Primates.- 3. Studies on Multiple Olfactory Processing in Primates.- 4. Summary.- 5. Abbreviations.- 6. References.- 5 The Role of the Cerebral Cortex in Pain Sensation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Clinical Evidence That the Cerebral Cortex Plays a Role inPain Sensation.- 3. Experimental Evidence for a Role of the Cerebral Cortex in Pain.- 4. Electrophysiological Evidence for a Role of Cerebral Cortical Neurons in Nociception.- 5. Role of the Cerebral Cortex in Pain Modulation.- 6. Conclusions.- 7. References.- 6 The Cerebral Organization of Language.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Metabolic Studies of Language in Normal Volunteers.- 3. Metabolic Mapping Studies of Language in Aphasic Patients.- 4. Electrical Stimulation Mapping.- 5. Computerized Axial Tomography.- 6. Conclusions.- 7. References.- 7 Cerebrocortical Asymmetry.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Issues Concerning Brain Asymmetry.- 3. Gross and Microscopic Cerebral Asymmetries.- 4. Asymmetry versus Symmetry of Brain Areas.- 5. References.- 8 Alertness, Quiet Sleep, Dreaming.- 1. States of Vigilance.- 2. Physiological Bases of Rhythmic Electrical Activity.- 3. State Dependency of Sensory Processing and Motor Control.- 4. Brain-Stem and Basal Forebrain Modulatory Systems.- 5. References.- 9 Coma and Related Global Disturbances of the Human Conscious State.- 1. Neurologic Aspects of Coma.- 2. Experimental Studies of Arousal Mechanisms.- 3. Human Studies on Pathologically Altered States of Sleep, Coma, and Related Abnormalities.- 4. Dementia as a Global Reduction in Human Consciousness.- 5. Summary and Conclusion, Sections 3 and 4.- 6. References.- 10 Epilepsy and the Cortex: Anatomy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Descriptive Studies of Brains from Humans with Epilepsy.- 3. Experimental Models of Epilepsy.- 4. Functional Significance.- 5. Future Challenges.- 6. References.- 11 Aging in Monkey Cerebral Cortex.- 1. Life Span of the Rhesus Monkey.- 2. Neuronal Population Changes in Cerebral Cortex.- 3. Changes in Neuronal Perikarya with Age.- 4. Changes in Neuroglial Cells during Aging.- 5. Changes with Age in the Neuropil.- 6. Neuritic Plaques.- 7. Conclusion.- 8. References.- 12 Down Syndrome.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Brain Weight, Appearance, and Postnatal Growth.- 3. Microscopic Anatomy.- 4. Age-Related Changes.- 5. References.
