Lexical Nonmanuals in German Sign Language
Description
The book presents an empirical and theoretical investigation of lexical nonmanuals in German Sign Language including torso, head and facial expressions. Three empirical studies demonstrate the relevance of nonmanuals for the wellformedness of signs, their meaning, and lexical processing. Moreover, implications for the theoretical implementation of lexical nonmanuals concerning, e.g., articulation patterns and phonological status are discussed.
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List of Figures
Fig. 2.1 Gestural-grammatical interplay within action role shift
Fig. 2.2 The sign SAD with lexicalized affective facial expression
Fig. 2.3 Yes/no-interrogative 'Does she paint a colorful picture?' in DGS
Fig. 2.4 Unilateral Action Units (AUs)
Fig. 2.5 The sign RECENTLY with lateral tongue show
Fig. 3.1 Potential nonmanual minimal pair TIRED - EFFORT
Fig. 4.2 Design of the judgment task in the questionnaire (Study I)
Fig. 4.3 Stimulus pair ALWAYS (Study I and II)
Fig. 4.4 Statistical distribution of all ratings for stimulus signs in the questionnaire (Study I)
Fig. 4.9 Statistical distribution of the ratings of BROKEN in the interview (Study I)
Fig. 4.10 Statistical distribution of the ratings of LAZE in the interview (Study I)
Fig. 4.11 Statistical distribution of the ratings regarding signs with torso/head action (Study I)
Fig. 4.13 One-handed and two-handed sign SLEEP (Study I)
Fig. 4.14 The sign REVERE with head down and tongue show (Study I)
Fig. 4.15 The sign LAZE with two different lexical nonmanual markings (Study I)
Fig. 4.16 The sign PROTECTION with forward and backward torso action (Study I)
Fig. 4.17 The sign WINK with unilateral and bilateral facial expression (Study I)
Fig. 4.18 The sign SUPER with a bilateral blow (Study I)
Fig. 4.20 The sign ARROGANT with mouthing and head up (Study I)
Fig. 4.23 The sign DISGUST with lexical nonmanuals (Study I)
Fig. 5.2 Statistical distribution of the reaction times for NOT-YET (Study II)
Fig. 5.3 Statistical distribution of the reaction times for ALWAYS (Study II)
Fig. 5.4 Statistical distribution of the reaction times for STRESS and LAZE (Study II)
Fig. 5.5 Statistical distribution of the reaction times for WINK (Study
Fig. 5.6 Statistical distribution of the reaction times for all stimuli (Study
Fig. 5.12 The sign WINK with lexical muscle contraction in the upper face (Study II)
Fig. 6.1 Example of the structure of the stimulus videos (Study III)
Fig. 6.2 Design of the meaning attribution task in the questionnaire (Study III)
Fig. 6.3 Stimulus e) lip funneler / blow (AU 22+25+33A) (Study III)
Fig. 6.5 The sign FALL-ASLEEP with lexical facial expression in the upper face (Study III)
Fig. 6.9 AU 7 within the signs BLURRY and ANNOY (Study III)
Fig. 6.10 AU 1+2 within the signs SUDDEN and SHOCK (Study III)
Fig. 7.1 The sign CONCENTRATE with lexical nonmanual marking
Fig. 7.2 AU 33 (left) vs. AU 34 (right) as part of the sign EFFORT
Fig. 7.3 The sign WASTE as an example of MuCon-AP
Fig. 7.4 The sign RECENTLY as an example of MuCon-AP
Fig. 7.5 The sign TIRED as an example of MuCon-AP
Fig. 7.6 The sign SLEEP as an example of MuCon-AP
Fig. 7.7 The sign BLURRY as an example of Com-AP
Fig. 7.8 The sign PROTECTION as an example of Com-AP: backward torso action
Fig. 7.9 The sign PROTECTION as an example of Com-AP: forward torso action
Fig. 7.10 The sign SUPER as an example of MuCon-AP and Com-AP
Fig. 7.11 The sign OWN with a non-iconic lexical mouth pattern
Fig. 7.12 The sign PIPE as an example for dynamic non-mirroring nonmanuals on the lower face
Fig. 7.13 The sign BITE-OFF as an example for dynamic mirroring nonmanuals
Fig. 7.14 The sign UNOFFICIAL-WAY as an example for dynamic mirroring nonmanuals
Fig. 7.15 The sign AWAKE as an example for dynamic mirroring nonmanuals
Fig. 7.16 Inverse mirroring nonmanuals: the sign DISAPPEAR
Fig. 7.17 Position with secondary movement in the form of finger wiggling within the sign HOLIDAY
Fig. 7.20 The sign IGNORE with a lexical head/torso action and a face action
Fig. 7.21 Gradation in the well-formedness of signs with lexical unilateral facial actions
Fig. 7.22 Examples for the semantic categorization of lexical nonmanuals
Fig. 7.25 The sign SOUR as an example for the category lexicalized...
