The Cardiovascular System
Description
PEATE'S BODY SYSTEMS THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
A CONCISE, ILLUSTRATED, AND ACCESSIBLE GUIDE TO THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Each of the twelve volumes in Peate's Body Systems series is rooted in the belief that a deep and thorough understanding of the human body is essential for providing the highest standard of care. Offering clear, accessible and up-to-date information on different body systems, this series bridges the gap between complex scientific concepts and practical, everyday applications in health and care settings. This series makes for an invaluable resource for those committed to understanding the intricacies of human biology, physiology and the various systems that sustain life.
The Cardiovascular System is the perfect companion for students and newly registered practitioners across nursing and allied health fields with an interest in cardiovascular care, providing a comprehensive yet easy-to-digest guide for both academic and clinical application.
- Equips healthcare students and practitioners with the necessary information to provide safe and competent care
- Features colourful illustrations to aid comprehension, clarify complicated concepts, and render content more engaging and accessible
- Empowers readers to adapt to a rapidly evolving healthcare landscape, preparing them for the future of healthcare delivery
- Contains information necessary for effective patient care of those with heart failure, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases and conditions
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Person
IAN PEATE is a Visiting Professor at Northumbria University, a Senior Clinical Fellow at the University of Hertfordshire, and a Professorial Fellow at the University of Roehampton. He is also the Editor-in-Chief of the British Journal of Nursing and the Consultant Editor of the Journal of Paramedic Practice and the International Journal of Advancing Practice.
Content
Preface viii
Acknowledgements x
1 Anatomy and Physiology: The Cardiovascular System 1
Blood 1
Blood Vessels 6
Heart 10
Conclusion 20
Glossary of Terms 20
Multiple Choice Questions 21
References 23
2 Cardiovascular Assessment 24
The Importance of Cardiovascular Assessment 24
Assessing Needs 25
Chief Complaint and History of Present Condition 27
Family History 27
Lifestyle 28
Past Medical History 28
Physical Examination 28
Palpation 29
The Blood Pressure 33
Chest Examination 34
Electrocardiogram 36
Assessing Chest Pain 39
Conclusion 42
Glossary of Terms 42
Multiple Choice Questions 43
References 44
3 Myocardial Infarction 46
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Myocardial Infarction 46
Epidemiology 48
Risk Factors 50
Clinical Presentation 51
Clinical Investigations 53
Diagnosis 53
Management 53
Reperfusion 54
Health Teaching 56
Conclusion 57
Glossary of Terms 58
Multiple Choice Questions 59
References 60
4 Heart Failure 62
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Heart Failure 62
Epidemiology 67
Risk Factors 67
Clinical Presentation 68
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 70
Management 72
End of Life Care 73
Health Teaching 73
Conclusion 74
Glossary of Terms 75
Multiple Choice Questions 76
References 77
5 Cardiogenic Shock 79
Cardiac Arrest 79
Epidemiology: Cardiac Arrest 80
Risk Factors Associated with Cardiac Arrest 81
Guidelines for Adult Basic Life Support 81
Shock 83
Shock: Signs and Symptoms 86
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Cardiogenic Shock 86
Epidemiology 87
Risk Factors 88
Clinical Presentation 89
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 89
Potential Investigations 89
Management 90
Health Teaching 90
Conclusion 92
Glossary of Terms 92
Multiple Choice Question 93
References 94
6 Angina 96
Stable Angina 96
Silent Angina 97
Prinzmetal's Angina 98
Microvascular Angina 98
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Angina 99
Epidemiology 101
Risk Factors 101
Clinical Presentation 103
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 103
Management 104
Other Interventions 107
Health Teaching 107
Conclusion 108
Glossary of Terms 109
Multiple Choice Questions 110
References 111
7 Hypertension 113
Primary and Secondary Hypertension 113
Blood Pressure 113
The Cardiac Cycle 115
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Hypertension 116
Epidemiology 116
Risk Factors 116
Non-modifiable Risk Factors 116
Modifiable Risk Factors 117
Clinical Presentation 118
Blood Pressure Measurement 120
White Coat Syndrome 121
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 122
Management 122
Health Teaching 124
Conclusion 124
Glossary of Terms 125
Multiple Choice Questions 126
References 127
8 Peripheral Arterial Disease 128
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with PAD 128
Epidemiology 130
Risk Factors 130
Clinical Presentation 131
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 131
Management 133
Pharmacological Interventions 134
Surgical and Radiological Interventions 135
Amputation 135
Prognosis 136
Health Teaching 136
Conclusion 138
Glossary of Terms 138
Multiple Choice Questions 139
References 140
MCQ Answers 142
Index 143
