Patterns of evolution, as illustrated by the fossil record
Elsevier (Publisher)
Published on 15. January 1977
590 pages
978-0-08-086846-2 (ISBN)
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Patterns of evolution, as illustrated by the fossil record
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07/1977
Elsevier
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Content
- Front Cover
- Patterns of Evolution: As Illustrated by the Fossil Record
- Copyright Page
- CONTENTS
- PREFACE
- LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
- CHAPTER 1. ETERNAL METAPHORS OF PALAEONTOLOGY
- The content of palaeontology
- A taxonomic interlude
- Pre-evolutionary establishment of the three questions
- The altered context of evolutionary theory
- Contemporary palaeobiology recycles the ancient issues
- An editorial comment in conclusion
- References
- CHAPTER 2. GENERAL PATTERNS OF METAZOAN EVOLUTION
- Introduction
- Phylogenetic models
- The fossil record of the establishment of body plans
- Adaptive models of metazoan body plans
- The timing of the evolution of body plans
- Models of evolutionary explosions
- Phanerozoic metazoan patterns
- Summary of major metazoan evolutionary patterns
- Acknowledgements
- References
- CHAPTER 3. STOCHASTIC MODELS IN EVOLUTIONARY PALAEONTOLOGY
- Introduction
- Concepts of randomness
- Path-dependent versus independent events models
- Markov processes
- Strategies for applying stochastic models
- Applications
- Summary
- Acknowledgements
- References
- CHAPTER 4. BRACHIOPOD EVOLUTION
- Introduction
- Nature of numerical data
- General aspects of brachiopod history
- Major events in brachiopod evolution
- Conclusions
- References
- CHAPTER 5. EVOLUTION OF PRIMITIVE ECHINODERMS
- Introduction
- Origin, characteristics and relationships of echinoderms
- Patterns of echinoderm evolution
- Vital functions in fossil echinoderms
- References
- Postscript
- CHAPTER 6. PATTERNS AND THEMES OF EVOLUTION AMONG BRYOZOA
- General considerations
- Patterns of evolution
- Themes of evolution
- Summary
- Acknowledgements
- References
- CHAPTER 7. TRENDS, RATES, AND PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION IN THE BIVALVIA
- Introduction
- Bivalve phylogeny
- Methods of phyletic reconstruction
- The Cambro-Ordovician divergence
- Trends and patterns of evolution and extinction
- Rates of evolution and extinction
- Biological agents in macro-evolution
- Summary
- References
- CHAPTER 8. AMMONITE EVOLUTION
- Introduction
- Ammonite biology
- The major features of ammonoid evolution
- The origins of higher categories
- Evolutionary patterns at family level
- Evolution at the species level
- Sutural evolution
- Divergence, convergence and parallelism
- Iterative evolution
- Palingenesis and proterogenesis
- Evolutionary size changes
- Rates of evolution
- Racial senility
- Extinction
- Summary
- Acknowledgements
- References
- CHAPTER 9. TRILOBITES AND EVOLUTIONARY PATTERNS
- Introduction
- Speciation in trilobites
- Diversity controls and faunal patterns of speciation
- Biogeography
- Aspects of evolutionary adaptation in trilobites
- Phylogenetic relationships among the trilobites
- Relationships with other arthropods
- References
- CHAPTER 10. PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION IN THE GRAPTOLITES
- Introduction
- Coloniality
- Genetic polymorphism, inbreeding and outbreeding
- Sequence of graptolite faunas
- Cladogenesis and anagenesis
- Origination and extinction
- Origin of new types
- Cope's Rule
- Biogeography
- Patterns peculiar to graptolite evolution
- Summary
- Acknowledgements
- References
- CHAPTER 11. EVOLUTION OF TRACE FOSSIL COMMUNITIES
- Introduction
- The present-day model
- Translation into the palaeontological record
- Evolution of flysch ichnocoenoses through Phanerozoic times
- Intertidal communities
- General conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
- CHAPTER 12. THE PATTERN OF DIVERSIFICATION AMONG FISHES
- Introduction
- Overall diversity
- Rates of origination and extinction
- The course of adaptive radiation
- Discussion
- Summary of conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Addendum
- CHAPTER 13. PATTERNS OF AMPHIBIAN EVOLUTION: AN EXTENDED EXAMPLE OF THE INCOMPLETENESS OF THE FOSSIL RECORD
- Introduction
- Labyrinthodontia
- "Lepospondyls"
- "Lissamphibia"
- Fossil record
- Discussion
- Summary
- Acknowledgements
- References
- CHAPTER 14. TETRAPOD MASS EXTINCTIONS - A MODEL OF THE REGULA- TION OF SPECIATION RATES AND IMMIGRATION BY CYCLES OF TOPOGRAPHIC DIVERSITY
- Introduction
- Measuring diversity in fossil tetrapods
- The patterns of diversity
- Suggested causes of mass extinctions
- Haug Effect control of diversity
- Summary
- References
- CHAPTER 15. PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION IN THE MAMMALIAN FOSSIL RECORD
- Introduction
- Mammalian radiations
- Mammalian adaptations
- Origin of species and higher taxa
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
- CHAPTER 16. PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION IN EARLY ANGIOSPERMS
- Introduction
- Systematic background
- Evolutionary patterns in the mid-Cretaceous angiosperm record
- Adaptive aspects of the early angiosperm record
- Summary and conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
- CHAPTER 17. PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION: A SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION
- Introduction
- Three themes
- Additional comments on macro-evolution
- Summary
- References
- AUTHOR INDEX
- GENERAL INDEX
