
General and Synthetic Methods
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Content
- General And Synthetic Methods
- Contents
- Chapter 1 Saturated and Unsaturated Acyclic Hydrocarbons
- 1 Saturated Hydrocarbons
- Synthesis
- Reactions
- 2 Olefinic Hydrocarbons
- Synthesis
- Reactions
- Reduction
- Oxidation
- Oxymercuration
- Metal-Olefin Reactions
- Hydroboration
- Hydroalumination
- The Olefin Metathesis Reaction
- Reactions of Allyl and Vinyl Anions
- Cycloaddition Reactions
- Ene Reactions
- Electrophilic Addition Reactions
- Miscellaneous Reactions
- 3 Conjugated Dienes
- Synthesis
- Diels-Alder Reactions
- Polyolefins
- 4 Allenes
- Synthesis
- Reactions
- 5 Acetylenic Hydrocarbons
- Synthesis
- Reactions
- Metal-catalysed Reactions
- Alkynylborate Salts and Hydroboration
- Reduction
- Metal Additions
- Electrophilic Additions
- Cycloaddition Reactions
- 6 Conjugated Enynes
- Chapter 2 Aldehydes and Ketones
- 1 Preparations of Aldehydes and Ketones
- From Alcohols and Derivatives
- From Carbon-Carbon Double Bonds
- From Epoxysilanes
- Thio- and Seleno-Carbonyl Compounds
- Ring Ketones
- Dicarbonyl Compounds
- Other Preparations
- 2 Reactions and Condensations
- Alkylation
- Aldol Reactions
- Reduction
- General Reactions
- 3 aß-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones
- Preparations
- Reactions
- 4 Protection of Aldehydes and Ketones
- 5 Halogeno-derivatives
- Chapter 3 Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
- 1 Carboxylic Acids
- General Synthesis
- Hydroxy-acids
- Peracids
- Anhydrides
- Decarboxylation
- Protection and Deprotection
- 2 Lactones
- ß-Lactones
- Butyrolactones
- Butenolides and Tetronic Acids
- a-Methylene-butyrolactones
- Valerolactones
- Coumarins and Isocoumarins
- a-Pyrones
- 3 Macrolides
- 4 Carboxylic Acid Esters
- Esterification
- General Synthesis
- Diesters
- Hydroxy-esters
- Keto-esters
- Unsaturated Esters
- 5 Carboxylic Acid Amides
- Synthesis
- Reactions
- 6 a-Amino-acids
- Synthesis and Reactions
- Protection and Deprotection
- Chapter 4 Alcohols, Halogeno-compounds, and Ethers
- 1 Alcohols
- Preparation
- Carbonyl Group Reduction
- Allylic and Propargylic Alcohols
- Non-allylic Unsaturated Alcohols
- Reactions
- General
- Allylic Alcohols
- Protection
- 1,2-Diols
- 2 Alkyl Halides
- Preparation
- From Alcohols or other Halides
- From other Functional Groups
- Reactions
- 3 Ethers and Thioethers
- Preparation
- Ethers
- Thioethers
- Oxonium Salts
- Reactions
- General
- Cleavage of Ethers and Thioethers
- Chapter 5 Amines, Nitriles, and Other Nitrogen-containing Functional Groups
- 1 Amines
- Preparations
- Protection
- Oxidation
- Reactions
- Enamines
- 2 Nitriles
- Preparations
- Reduction
- Reactions
- Isocyanides
- 3 Isocyanates, Thiocyanates, Selenocyanates, and Isoselenocyantes
- 4 Azides
- 5 Nitro- and Nitroso-alkanes
- Preparations
- Reactions
- 6 Other Nitrogen-containing Groups
- Nitrosamines
- Nitrates
- Azoxy-compounds
- Nitroxides
- Chapter 6 Saturated Heterocyclic Ring Synthesis
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Oxygen-containing Heterocycles
- Oxirans
- Oxetans
- Five Ring Oxygen Systems
- Dioxans
- Six Ring Oxygen Systems
- 3 Sulphur-containing Heterocycles
- Thiirans
- Thiets
- Five and Six Ring Sulphur Systems
- 4 Nitrogen-containing Heterocycles
- Azirines and Aziridines
- Azetidines
- Azetines
- Five Ring Nitrogen Systems
- Pyrrolines and Pyrrolidines
- Reduced Pyrazoles and Imidazoles
- Indolines
- Six Ring Nitrogen Systems
- Reduced Pyridines
- Reduced Quinolines
- Reduced Pyridazines
- Large Ring Nitrogen Systems
- Fused Five and Six Ring Nitrogen Systems
- Bridgehead Nitrogen Ring Systems
- Miscellaneous Nitrogen Ring Systems
- 5 Ring Systems containing More than One Heteroatom
- Oxygen- and Sulphur-containing Heterocycles
- Nitrogen- and Oxygen-containing Heterocycles
- Nitrogen-, Oxygen-, and Sulphur-containing Heterocycles
- Nitrogen- and Sulphur-containing Heterocycles
- 6 Penicillins and Cephalosporins
- Chapter 7 Saturated Carbocyclic Ring Synthesis
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Three-membered Rings
- General Methods
- Natural Cyclopropanes
- 3 Four-membered Rings
- 4 Five-membered Rings
- General Methods
- Prostaglandins
- Rethrolones and Related Compounds
- Fused Five-membered Rings
- 5 Six-membered Rings
- Diels-Alder Cycloadditions
- Robinson and Related Annelations
- Other Six-ring Syntheses
- 6 Polyene Cyclizations
- 7 Seven-membered Rings
- 8 Medium-sized Rings
- 9 Large Rings
- 10 Spiro-ring Annelations
- 11 Miscellaneous Methods
- Chapter 8 Organometallics in Synthesis
- Part I The Transition Elements
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Hydrogenation
- 3 Oxidation
- 4 Isomerization
- 5 Carbonylation
- 6 Carbon-carbon Bond Formation
- Cyclization
- Addition to Olefins
- Coupling Reactions
- Organocopper Reagent
- 7 Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds
- Nitrogen Heterocycles
- Oxygen Heterocycles
- 8 Reactions of Co-ordinated Ligands
- Part II Main-group Elements
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Group I
- Lithium
- Acyl-lithiurns and their Equivalents
- Enolates and their Equivalents
- Vinyl- and Allyl-lithiums
- Aryl-lithiums
- New Reactions of Alkyl-lithiums
- Miscellaneous
- Sodium and Potassium
- 3 Group II
- Magnesium
- Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury
- 4 Group III
- Boron
- New Preparations of Organoboron Compounds
- Applications of Organoborates
- Applications of Organoboranes
- Aluminium and Thallium
- 5 Group IV
- Silicon
- Alkenyl-, Vinyl-, and Allyl-silanes
- Miscellaneous
- Tin and Lead
- 6 Groups V and VI
- Phosphorus
- Sulphur
- Thioacetals and Thioketals
- Miscellaneous
- Selenium
- Chapter 9 Strategy and Design in Synthesis
- 1 Introduction
- 2 General Papers
- 3 Selected Total and Partial Syntheses
- Camptothecin
- a-Ecdysone
- Gliotoxin
- ( +)-Strigol
- Vitamin B12
- Others
- 4 Introduction and Interchange of Functional Groups
- Multiphase Systems
- Metals and other Elements in Synthesis
- Remote or Inactive Positions
- Other Regiospecific Control Elements : Protecting Groups
- Umpolung
- 5 The Carbon Skeleton
- Intramolecular Reactions
- Fragmentation of Rings
- 6 Synthesis of Optically Active Materials
- The Use of Optically Active Starting Materials
- Asymmetric Syntheses
- Biological Syntheses
- Resolution
- Chapter 10 Phase Transfer and Related Methods
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Quaternary Ammonium and Phosphonium Salts
- Introduction
- Nucleophilic Substitutions
- Alkylations
- Carbanion Generation and Alkylation
- Amines as Catalysts
- Wittig, Michael, and Related Reactions
- Carbene Generation
- Miscellaneous Processes
- Chiral Induction
- Solid-Liquid Phase Transfer
- 3 Crown Ethers, Cryptands, and Related Complexing Agents
- Introduction
- Nucleophilic Substitutions
- Solid-Liquid Phase Transfers
- Other Reactions
- Cation Effects
- Specific Ligand Design
- Chiral Crown Ethers
- 4 Conclusions
- Reviews on General Synthetic Methods
- 1 Olefinic Hydrocarbons
- 2 Acetylenic Hydrocarbons
- 3 Aldehydes and Ketones
- 4 Carboxylic Esters
- 5 Halogeno-compounds
- 6 Nitrogen-containing Functional Groups
- 7 Organometallics
- General
- Boron
- Silicon
- Thallium
- Tin
- Transition Elements
- 8 Carbocycles
- 9 Heterocycles
- 10 Oxidation
- 11 Reduction
- 12 Group Protection
- 13 Design of Synthesis
- General
- Computer-assisted
- 14 General
- 15 Miscellaneous
- Author Index
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