Systems Analysis and Simulation in Ecology

List of ContributorsPrefaceContents of other VolumesPart I Ecosystem Modeling in The US International Biological Program 1. Introduction to Modeling in the Biomes I. Biome Modeling Rationale II. Diversity in Approaches III. Convergence IV. General State of Development Reference 2. Role of Total Systems Models in the Grassland Biome Study I. Introduction II. Objectives and Questions III. Philosophy and Implementation IV. ELM and Its Main Compartments V. Comparison of Current Status to Model Objectives VI. Future Efforts VII. Model Objectives as a Determinant of Model Structure VIII. Ecosystem Principles Determine Ecosystem Structure IX. Simulation Languages-SIMCOMP 4,5 References 3. Modeling in the Eastern Deciduous Forest Biome I. Eastern Deciduous Forest Biome Program II. Modeling Program III. Progress in Modeling IV. Discussion References 4. Ecosystem Modeling in the Desert Biome I. Introduction II. Predictions Applicable to Populations of Ecosystems III. Generality in an Ecosystem Model IV. Approach Adopted by the Desert Biome V. The Aquatic Model-An Example VI. Generalizability of the Desert Biome Models VII. Improvement and Validation of Models 5. Development of Ecosystem Modeling in the Tundra Biome I. Introduction II. Ecosystem Models in the Tundra Biome III. Mechanistic Models in the Tundra Biome IV. Summary References 6. The Ecosystem Modeling Approach in the Coniferous Forest Biome I. Introduction II. Development of the General Requirements for an Ecosystem Model III. Development of a General Paradigm for an Ecosystem Model IV. Technical Aspects of Applying the Special Theory V. Operational Aspects of Biome Modeling VI. Summary and Prospectus References 7. Critique and Comparison of Biome Ecosystem Modeling I. Introduction II. Driving Variables, and Statistical Properties of Weather Data III. The Mathematical Structure of Submodels IV. Macro Properties of Systems Models: Coupling and Interactions V. The Argument about Linearity and Nonlinearity VI. The Difficult Path between Unrealistic Oversimplicity and Unwieldy and Untestable Complexity VII. Some Conclusions ReferencesPart II Models of Freshwater-Estuarine Ecosystems 8. Simulation Modeling of the Algal-Fly Components of a Thermal Ecosystem: Effects of Spatial Heterogeneity, Time Delays, and Model Condensation I. Introduction II. The Thermal Ecosystem III. Simulation IV. Model Evaluation V. Space-Time vs Point-Time Models References 9. Ecosystem Modeling for Small Woodland Streams I. Introduction II. The Stream Ecosystem III. The Stream Model IV. Summary and Conclusions References 10. Total Ecosystem Model for a Cove in Lake Texoma I. Introduction II. Morphometric and Abiotic Factors III. Primary Producer Submodel IV. Zooplankton Submodel V. Benthic Invertebrate Submodel VI. Vertebrate Submodel VII. Decomposer Submodel VIII. Model Behavior IX. Summary and Conclusions Appendix I. Description of Computer Program Appendix II. Computer Program References 11. Phytoplankton-Zooplankton-Nutrient Interaction Model for Western Lake Erie I. Introduction II. Model Construction III. Data Sources IV. Data V. Model Verification VI. Planning and Management Applications References 12. Ecologic Simulation for Aquatic Environments I.