
Pathology Informatics, An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics
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Content
- Front Cover
- Pathology Informatics
- Copyright
- Contributors
- Contents
- Forthcoming Issues
- Pathology Informatics
- Laboratory Information Systems
- Abstract
- Overview to laboratory information systems
- Elements of laboratory information systems
- Laboratory Information System Infrastructure
- Laboratory Information System Architecture
- The heart of an laboratory information system: dictionary tables and definitions
- Features of anatomic pathology laboratory information systems and their roles in laboratory operations
- Specimen Intake and Accessioning
- Gross Specimen Processing and Sectioning ("Grossing")
- Histology Processing and Slide Creation
- Pathologist Interpretation and Final Report Generation and Distribution
- Report Amendments and Addenda
- The Laboratory Information System and Laboratory Administration
- Advanced features and functions in laboratory information systems
- References
- Data Representation, Coding, and Communication Standards
- Abstract
- Data representation: it's just a bunch of words, right?
- Data representation in a paragraph: everything comes from bytes
- Data representation, variables, and pathology reports: too important to be an afterthought
- Coding in surgical pathology: a duty to document duties
- The International Classification of Diseases and its relation to surgical pathology
- Passing the Baton: Mandated Transition From ICD-9 Codes to ICD-10 Codes
- The International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision, Coding System: Finding a way through
- Current Procedural Terminology: documentation of pathologists' services
- The essential Current Procedural Terminology numbers-in an avalanche of numbers
- The First Step: Assigning a Code Between 88300 and 88309 for Gross and/or Microscopic Evaluation
- The Second Step: Extra Studies and Procedures, Extra Current Procedural Terminology Codes
- Coding for Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms
- Communication standards in pathology: efforts to speak the same language
- Who sets the communication standards for pathology?
- How does a pathology practice meet "the standards" of patient care?
- Standards of basic components of the surgical pathology report
- Standards for pathology reporting/final diagnosis lines in surgical pathology reports
- Standards for pathology reporting: primary malignancies
- Standards for pathology reporting: benign lesions and the question of margins
- Summary
- References
- Bar Coding and Tracking in Pathology
- Abstract
- Overview
- History
- Types of bar codes
- 1-D Symbology
- 2-D Symbology
- Error rates
- Bar code failures
- Media and labels
- Standardization
- Hardware
- Software
- Workflow
- Dashboards/status monitors
- Implementation
- Inventory management systems
- Future directions
- Summary
- References
- Enhancing and Customizing Laboratory Information Systems to Improve/Enhance Pathologist Workflow
- Abstract
- Overview
- Voice recognition technology
- Work processing
- Quality assurance
- Surgical pathology report
- Automated order entry to pathology laboratory information systems
- Use of images in surgical pathology
- References
- Specialized Laboratory Information Systems
- Abstract
- Overview: what is a specialized laboratory information system?
- Identifying shortcomings
- Potential Shortcomings of an Existing Laboratory Information System
- Potential Shortcoming of a New Laboratory Information System
- Shortcomings due to Evolving Technology
- Shortcomings due to Nontraditional Data Sets
- Meeting unique needs
- Options for Filling Gaps
- Option 1: Buying from an Existing Vendor
- Option 2: Buying from a Separate Vendor
- Option 3: Bridging or Building
- Bridging
- Building
- Large-scale commercial laboratory
- Considerations for building an in-house laboratory information system module
- Scalability and Timeliness
- Experience of the Design Team
- Support Costs
- Cost Versus Benefit
- Newer technologies and reporting options
- The Off-Site LIS
- Reporting Results to Clients
- Example 1-Client Level Access
- Example 2-Client Subgroups
- Example 3-Individual Access
- Example 4-Result Level Reporting
- Example: hematopathology, the specialty that challenges the specialized laboratory information system
- Specialized Laboratories
- Complex Workflow
- Multimodality Testing and Data Types
- Timeline
- Data Integration from Multiple Laboratories
- Multisystem
- Evolving Technologies
- Summary
- References
- Laboratory Information Systems Management and Operations
- Abstract
- Overview
- System validation
- Interface maintenance and monitoring
- Training
- Help desk support
- Change control and documentation
- Management reporting and quality assurance/quality improvement initiatives
- Database maintenance
- New product evaluation
- References
- Informatics and Autopsy Pathology
- Abstract
- Overview-what is an autopsy?
- Decrease in the autopsy rate
- Reasons for Autopsy Rate Decline
- Joint Commission Eliminates Minimum Autopsy Rate
- Clinicians' Better Diagnostic Skills
- Autopsy Only Leads to Malpractice Lawsuits
- Pathologists and the Autopsy
- Family Misconceptions Regarding the Autopsy
- Informatics applications to autopsy pathology
- Value of the Autopsy to Its Customers
- Clinicians' Needs from the Autopsy
- Families' Needs from the Autopsy
- The Public's Needs from the Autopsy
- Informatics Solutions to Address Needs
- Workflow Analysis
- Autopsy Report
- Structured reporting
- Images
- The Virtual or Minimally Invasive Autopsy
- Virtopsy project
- Armed Forces Medical Examiner virtual autopsy
- Virtual autopsies in the hospital setting
- Summary
- References
- Laboratory Automation and Middleware
- Abstract
- Overview
- Laboratory test cycle
- Strategic advantages and challenges for automation for surgical pathology
- Middleware
- Anatomic pathology automation
- Preanalytic phase
- Analytical phase
- Grossing Automation
- Specimen Processing
- Tissue-Embedding Automation
- Microtomy Automation
- Staining and Coverslipping Automation
- Histochemistry, Immunohistochemistry, and In Situ Hybridization Automation
- Surgical Pathology Sample Preparation Automation for Molecular Testing
- Diagnostic Automation and Digital Pathology
- Postanalytical phase
- Total laboratory automation and surgical pathology
- Summary
- References
- Molecular Pathology Informatics
- Abstract
- Overview
- Molecular informatics
- Next-generation sequencing
- Next-generation sequencing informatics
- Big data and cloud computing
- Informatics challenges for next-generation sequencing-based clinical testing
- Data Storage
- Networking Infrastructure
- Computing Infrastructure
- Data Security
- Interoperability
- Future perspective
- References
- Pathology Gross Photography
- Abstract
- Overview: setting the stage
- Gross photos in practice
- The decision to shoot
- The setup
- The tools
- The clues
- The point
- References
- Advanced Imaging Techniques for the Pathologist
- Abstract
- Overview
- Optical coherence tomography
- Experience with optical coherence tomography
- Discussion
- References
- Overview of Telepathology
- Abstract
- Overview
- Telehealth
- Historical overview
- Telepathology applications
- Telecommunication
- Telepathology modes and systems
- Static Telepathology
- Robotic Telepathology
- Whole-Slide Imaging
- References
- Mobile Technologies for the Surgical Pathologist
- Abstract
- Overview
- Basic functions of smartphone applications
- Flash Cards
- Publications
- National Meetings/Conferences
- Laboratory Information Systems Mobile Applications
- Education
- Intermediate functions of smartphone applications
- Electronic Calculators
- Tumor Staging and Pediatric Measurements
- Differential Diagnosis Tools
- Image Acquisition
- Consultation
- Pocket Pathologist
- Mobile Phone Microscope
- Future directions/advanced functions
- Hardware
- Video
- Mobile Image Analysis
- Whole-Slide Imaging
- Wearable Technology
- Barriers to implementation
- Summary
- References
- Selection and Implementation of New Information Systems
- Abstract
- Overview: selection
- Background and Concepts
- Selection
- Sample Request for Information or Request for Proposal #1
- Technical environment
- Hardware
- Software
- Network and interface issues
- System implementation and technical support
- System Proposal
- Sample Request for Information or Request for Proposal #2
- List of functional requirements
- System implementation
- Preparation Phase
- System Configuration, Implementation Testing, and Validation
- Training
- Go-Live
- References
- Health Information Systems
- Abstract
- 1-A. Health information systems-settings and functions
- 1-B. Health information systems-archetypal architectures
- 2. Electronic medical record systems as a foundational tool
- Administrative processes
- Centralization of health information and knowledge
- Results management
- Messaging (electronic communication and connectivity)
- Computerized provider order entry
- Decision support
- Patient support
- Data capture, reporting, and population health management
- Summary
- References
- Translational Bioinformatics and Clinical Research (Biomedical) Informatics
- Abstract
- Overview of translational bioinformatics and clinical research (biomedical) informatics
- Illustrative examples of translational bioinformatics and clinical research (biomedical) informatics
- 1. The Cancer Genome Atlas
- 2. cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics
- 3. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center-Clinical Variants and Results Database
- Use cases for the clinical variants and results system
- Development of a data warehousing solution
- Improving how change history is tracked
- Facilitating the sign-out process
- Providing a start-to-finish dashboard view of laboratory operations
- Implementation
- Database schema
- Web portal
- Analytics
- Extension to molecular diagnostic assays in general
- References
- Training in Informatics
- Abstract
- Overview
- The what-curriculum content
- The how-method(s) of teaching/learning pathology informatics
- Laboratory informatics training at the University of Oklahoma
- Summary
- References
- Role of Informatics in Patient Safety and Quality Assurance
- Abstract
- Overview
- Preanalytical phase
- Specimen Labeling
- Specimen Tracking
- Analytical phase
- Specimen Tracking
- Diagnostic Accuracy
- Complete Reports
- Postanalytical phase
- References
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