
Introduction to Micrometeorology
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Content
- Cover
- Contents
- Preface to Second Edition
- Preface to First Edition
- Symbols
- Chapter 1. Introduction
- 1.1 Scope of Micrometeorology
- 1.2 Micrometeorology versus Microclimatology
- 1.3 Importance and Applications of Micrometeorology
- Problems and Exercises
- Chapter 2. Energy Budget Near the Surface
- 2.1 Energy Fluxes at an Ideal Surface
- 2.2 Energy Balance Equations
- 2.3 Energy Budgets of Bare Surfaces
- 2.4 Energy Budgets of Canopies
- 2.5 Energy Budgets of Water Surfaces
- 2.6 Applications
- Problems and Exercises
- Chapter 3. Radiation Balance Near the Surface
- 3.1 Radiation Laws and Definitions
- 3.2 Shortwave Radiation
- 3.3 Longwave Radiation
- 3.4 Radiation Balance near the Surface
- 3.5 Observations of Radiation Balance
- 3.6 Radiative Flux Divergence
- 3.7 Applications
- Problems and Exercises
- Chapter 4. Soil Temperatures and Heat Transfer
- 4.1 Surface Temperature
- 4.2 Subsurface Temperatures
- 4.3 Thermal Properties of Soils
- 4.4 Theory of Soil Heat Transfer
- 4.5 Thermal Wave Propagation in Soils
- 4.6 Measurement and Parameterization of Ground Heat Flux
- 4.7 Applications
- Problems and Exercises
- Chapter 5. Air Temperature and Humidity in the PBL
- 5.1 Factors Influencing Air Temperature and Humidity
- 5.2 Basic Thermodynamic Relations and the Energy Equation
- 5.3 Local and Nonlocal Concepts of Static Stability
- 5.4 Mixed Layers, Mixing Layers and Inversions
- 5.5 Vertical Temperature and Humidity Profiles
- 5.6 Diurnal Variations
- 5.7 Applications
- Problems and Exercises
- Chapter 6. Wind Distribution in the PBL
- 6.1 Factors Influencing Wind Distribution
- 6.2 Geostrophic and Thermal Winds
- 6.3 Friction Effects on the Balance of Forces
- 6.4 Stability Effects on the PBL Winds
- 6.5 Observed Wind Profiles
- 6.6 Diurnal Variations
- 6.7 Applications
- Problems and Exercises
- Chapter 7 An Introduction to Viscous Flows
- 7.1 Inviscid and Viscous Flows
- 7.2 Laminar and Turbulent Flows
- 7.3 Navier-Stokes Equations of Motion
- 7.4 Laminar Plane-Parallel Flows
- 7.5 Laminar Ekman Layers
- 7.6 Developing Laminar Boundary Layers
- 7.7 Heat Transfer in Laminar Flows
- 7.8 Applications
- Problems and Exercises
- Chapter 8. Fundamentals of Turbulence
- 8.1 Instability of Flow and Transition to Turbulence
- 8.2 The Generation and Maintenance of Turbulence
- 8.3 General Characteristics of Turbulence
- 8.4 Mean and Fluctuating Variables
- 8.5 Variances and Turbulent Fluxes
- 8.6 Eddies and Scales of Motion
- 8.7 Fundamental Concepts, Hypotheses, and Theories
- 8.8 Applications
- Problems and Exercises
- Chapter 9. Models and Theories of Turbulence
- 9.1 Mathematical Models of Turbulent Flows
- 9.2 Gradient-transport Theories
- 9.3 Dimensional Analysis and Similarity Theories
- 9.4 Applications
- Problems and Exercises
- Chapter 10. Near-neutral Boundary Layers
- 10.1 Velocity-profile Laws
- 10.2 Surface Roughness Parameters
- 10.3 Surface Drag and Resistance Laws
- 10.4 Turbulence
- 10.5 Applications
- Problems and Exercises
- Chapter 11. Thermally Stratified Surface Layer
- 11.1 The Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory
- 11.2 Empirical Forms of Similarity Functions
- 11.3 Wind and Temperature Profiles
- 11.4 Drag and Heat Transfer Relations
- 11.5 Methods of Determining Momentum and Heat Fluxes
- 11.6 Applications
- Problems and Exercises
- Chapter 12. Evaporation from Homogeneous Surfaces
- 12.1 The Process of Evaporation
- 12.2 Potential Evaporation and Evapotranspiration
- 12.3 Modified Monin-Obukhov Similarity Relations
- 12.4 Micrometeorological Methods of Determining Evaporation
- 12.5 Applications
- Problems and Exercises
- Chapter 13. Stratified Atmospheric Boundary Layers
- 13.1 Types of Atmospheric Boundary Layers
- 13.2 Similarity Theories of the PBL
- 13.3 Mathematical Models of the PBL
- 13.4 Parameterization of the PBL
- 13.5 Applications
- Problems and Exercises
- Chapter 14. Nonhomogeneous Boundary Layers
- 14.1 Types of Surface Inhomogeneities
- 14.2 Step Changes in Surface Roughness
- 14.3 Step Changes in Surface Temperature
- 14.4 Air Modifications over Water Surfaces
- 14.5 Air Modifications over Urban Areas
- 14.6 Building Wakes and Street Canyon Effects
- 14.7 Other Topographical Effects
- 14.8 Applications
- Problems and Exercises
- Chapter 15. Agricultural and Forest Micrometeorology
- 15.1 Flux-profile Relations above Plant Canopies
- 15.2 Radiation Balance within Plant Canopies
- 15.3 Wind Distribution in Plant Canopies
- 15.4 Temperature and Moisture Fields
- 15.5 Turbulence in and above Plant Canopies
- 15.6 Applications
- Problems and Exercises
- References
- Index
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