
Fundamentals and Applications of Microfluidics, Third Edition
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Content
- Fundamentals and Applications of Microfluidics, Third Edition
- Contents
- Preface to the Third Edition
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 1 Introduction
- 1.1 WHAT IS MICROFLUIDICS?
- 1.1.1 Relationships Among MEMS, Nanotechnology, and Microfluidics
- 1.1.2 Commercial Aspects
- 1.1.3 Scientific Aspects
- 1.2 MILESTONES OF MICROFLUIDICS
- 1.2.1 Microscale Fluidic Phenomena
- 1.2.2 Device Development
- 1.2.3 Technology Development
- 1.3 ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK
- References
- Chapter 2 Fluid Mechanics Theory
- 2.1 INTRODUCTION
- 2.1.1 Intermolecular Forces
- 2.1.2 The Three States of Matter
- 2.1.3 Continuum Assumption
- 2.2 CONTINUUM FLUID MECHANICS AT SMALL SCALES
- 2.2.1 Gas Flows
- 2.2.2 Liquid Flows
- 2.2.3 Boundary Conditions
- 2.2.4 Parallel Flows
- 2.2.5 Low Reynolds Number Flows
- 2.2.6 Entrance Effects
- 2.2.7 Surface Tension
- 2.3 MOLECULAR APPROACHES
- 2.3.1 MD
- 2.3.2 DSMC Technique
- 2.4 ELECTROKINETICS
- 2.4.1 Electro-Osmosis
- 2.4.2 Electrophoresis
- 2.4.3 Dielectrophoresis
- 2.5 MICROMAGNETOFLUIDICS
- 2.5.1 Ferrohydrodynamics
- 2.5.2 Magnetorheology
- 2.6 OPTOFLUIDICS
- 2.6.1 Optofluidic Lenses
- 2.7 MICROACOUSTOFLUIDICS
- 2.8 CONCLUSION
- Problems
- References
- Chapter 3 Fabrication Techniques for Microfluidics
- 3.1 BASIC MICROTECHNIQUES
- 3.1.1 Photolithography
- 3.1.2 Additive Techniques
- 3.1.3 Subtractive Techniques
- 3.1.4 Pattern Transfer Techniques
- 3.2 FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
- 3.2.1 Materials Related to Silicon Technology
- 3.2.2 Polymers
- 3.3 SILICON-BASED MICROMACHINING TECHNIQUES
- 3.3.1 Silicon Bulk Micromachining
- 3.3.2 Silicon Surface Micromachining
- 3.4 POLYMER-BASED MICROMACHINING TECHNIQUES
- 3.4.1 Thick Resist Lithography
- 3.4.2 Polymeric Bulk Micromachining
- 3.4.3 Polymeric Surface Micromachining
- 3.4.4 Microstereo Lithography (MSL)
- 3.4.5 Micromolding
- 3.5 FABRICATION TECHNIQUES FOR PAPER-BASED MICROFLUIDICS
- 3.5.1 Wax Printing
- 3.5.2 Inkjet Printing
- 3.5.3 Paper Photolithography
- 3.5.4 Flexographic Printing
- 3.6 OTHER MICROMACHINING TECHNIQUES
- 3.6.1 Subtractive Techniques
- 3.6.2 Additive Techniques
- 3.7 ASSEMBLY AND PACKAGING OF MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES
- 3.7.1 Wafer-Level Assembly and Packaging
- 3.7.2 Device-Level Packaging
- 3.8 BIOCOMPATIBILITY
- 3.8.1 Material Response
- 3.8.2 Tissue and Cellular Response
- Problems
- References
- Chapter 4Experimental Flow Characterization
- 4.1 INTRODUCTION
- 4.1.1 Pointwise MethodsLaser Doppler velocimetry (
- 4.1.2 Full-Field Methods
- 4.2 OVERVIEW OF PIV
- 4.2.1 Fundamental Physics Considerations of PIV
- 4.2.2 Special Processing Methods for PIV Recordings
- 4.2.3 Advanced Processing Methods Suitable for Both Micro/Macro-PIV Recordings
- 4.3 PIV EXAMPLES
- 4.3.1 Flow in a Microchannel
- 4.3.2 Flow in a Micronozzle
- 4.3.3 Flow Around a Blood Cell
- 4.3.4 Flow in Microfluidic Biochip
- 4.3.5 Conclusions
- 4.4 EXTENSIONS OF THE PIV TECHNIQUE
- 4.4.1 Microfluidic Nanoscope
- 4.4.2 Microparticle Image Thermometry
- 4.4.3 Infrared PIV
- 4.4.4 Particle-Tracking Velocimetry
- Problems
- References
- Chapter 5 Microfluidics for External Flow Control
- 5.1 VELOCITY AND TURBULENCE MEASUREMENT
- 5.1.1 Velocity Sensors
- 5.1.2 Shear Stress Sensors
- 5.2 TURBULENCE CONTROL
- 5.2.1 Microflaps
- 5.2.2 Microballoon
- 5.2.3 Microsynthetic Jet
- 5.3 MICROAIR VEHICLES
- 5.3.1 Fixed-Wing MAV
- 5.3.3 Microrotorcraft
- 5.3.4 Microrockets
- References
- Chapter 6 Microfluidics for Internal Flow Control:Microvalves
- 6.1 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
- 6.1.1 Actuators
- 6.1.2 Valve Spring
- 6.1.3 Valve Seat
- 6.1.4 Pressure Compensation Design
- 6.2 DESIGN EXAMPLES
- 6.2.1 Methods of Valve Integration
- 6.2.2 Pneumatic Valves
- 6.2.3 Pinch Valves
- 6.2.4 Thermopneumatic Valves
- 6.2.5 Thermomechanical Valves
- 6.2.6 Piezoelectric Valves
- 6.2.7 Electrostatic Valves
- 6.2.8 Electromagnetic Valves
- 6.2.9 Electrochemical and Chemical Valves
- 6.2.10 Capillary-Force Valves
- 6.3 SUMMARY
- Problems
- References
- Chapter 7 Microfluidics for Internal Flow Control:Micropumps
- 7.1 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
- 7.1.1 Mechanical Pumps
- 7.1.2 Nonmechanical Pumps
- 7.2 DESIGN EXAMPLES
- 7.2.1 Mechanical Pumps
- 7.2.2 Nonmechanical Pumps
- 7.3 SUMMARY
- Problems
- References
- Chapter 8 Microfluidics for Internal Flow Control: MicroflowSensors
- 8.1 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
- 8.1.1 Design Parameters
- 8.1.2 Nonthermal Flow Sensors
- 8.1.3 Thermal Flow Sensors
- 8.2 DESIGN EXAMPLES
- 8.2.1 Nonthermal Flow Sensors
- 8.2.2 Thermal Flow Sensors
- 8.3 SUMMARY
- Problems
- References
- Chapter 9 Microfluidics for Life Sciences and Chemistry: Microneedles
- 9.1 DELIVERY STRATEGIES
- 9.2 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
- 9.2.1 Mechanical Design
- 9.2.2 Delivery Modes
- 9.3 DESIGN EXAMPLES
- 9.3.1 Solid Microneedles
- 9.3.2 Hollow Microneedles
- 9.3.3 Bio-Inspired Microneedles
- 9.3.4 Polymeric Microneedles
- 9.4 SUMMARY
- Problems
- References
- Chapter 10 Microfluidics for Life Sciences and Chemistry: Micromixers
- 10.1 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
- 10.1.1 Parallel Lamination
- 10.1.2 Sequential Lamination
- 10.1.3 Sequential Segmentation
- 10.1.4 Segmentation Based on Injection
- 10.1.5 Focusing of Mixing Streams
- 10.1.6 Formation of Droplets and Chaotic Advection
- 10.2 DESIGN EXAMPLES
- 10.2.1 Passive Micromixers
- 10.2.2 Active Micromixers
- 10.3 SUMMARY
- Problems
- References
- Chapter 11 Microfluidics for Life Sciences and Chemistry: Microdispensers
- 11.1 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
- 11.1.1 Droplet Dispensers
- 11.1.2 In-Channel Dispensers
- 11.1.3 Applications of In-Channel Dispensers
- 11.2 DESIGN EXA
- 11.2.1 Droplet Dispensers
- 11.2.2 In-Channel Dispensers
- 11.3 SUMMARY
- Problems
- References
- Chapter 12 Microfluidics for Life Sciences and Chemistry:Microfilters and Microseparators
- 12.1 MICROFILTERS
- 12.1.1 Design Considerations
- 12.1.2 Design Examples
- 12.2 MICROSEPARATORS FOR CELL AND PARTICLE SORTING
- 12.2.1 Active Sorting
- 12.2.2 Passive Sorting
- 12.3 CHROMATOGRAPHY
- 12.3.1 Design Considerations
- 12.3.2 Gas Chromatography
- 12.3.3 Liquid Chromatography
- 12.4 ELECTROPHORESIS
- 12.5 OTHER SEPARATION CONCEPTS
- 12.6 SUMMARY
- Problems
- References
- Chapter 13 Microfluidics for Life Sciences and Chemistry: Microreactors
- 13.1 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
- 13.1.1 Specification Bases for Microreactors
- 13.1.2 Miniaturization of Chemical Processes
- 13.1.3 Functional Elements of a Microreactor
- 13.2 DESIGN EXAMPLES
- 13.2.1 Gas-Phase Reactors
- 13.2.2 Liquid-Phase Reactors
- 13.2.3 Multiphase Reactors
- 13.2.4 Microreactors for Cell Culture
- 13.2.5 Microreactors for Cell Treatment
- 13.2.6 Hybridization Arrays
- 13.3 SUMMARY
- Problems
- References
- Appendix A: List of Symbols
- Appendix B: Resources for Microfluidics Research
- Appendix C: Abbreviations of Different Plastics
- Appendix D: Linear Elastic Deflection Models
- About the Authors
- Index
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