Degrees of Restructuring in Creole Languages

Name: Degrees of Restructuring in Creole Languages
Brand: John Benjamins Publishing Company
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Ingrid Neumann-Holzschuh Edgar W. Schneider(Editor)

John Benjamins Publishing Company

1st Edition

Published on 12. February 2001

IV, 492 pages

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978-90-272-7545-5 (ISBN)

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DEGREES OF RESTRUCTURING IN CREOLE LANGUAGES
Editorial page
Title page
Copyright page
Table of contents
Introduction: "Degrees of restructuring" in creole languages?
Acknowledgements
References
Semi-creolization: Problemsin the development of theory
1. Introduction
2. Semi-creolization versus decreolization
3. African American Vernacular English
4. Brazilian Vernacular Portuguese
5. Non-standard varieties of Caribbean Spanish (NSCS)
6. Afrikaans
7. Réunionnais
8. Conclusions
References
Theories of creolization and the degree and nature of restructuring
1. Introduction
2. Theoretical approaches
2.1. The Bickerton approach
2.2. The gradual basilectalization approach
2.3. Lefebvre 's relexifìcation hypothesis
2.4. Mainstream approaches
3. A constructive approach
4. Restructuring and "typical" creole features
5. Conclusions
References
Creolization is a social, not a structural, process
1. Introduction
2. Creoles as outcomes of natural and normal language evolution
3. The developers of creoles had target systems
4. Creoles as disfranchised dialects of their lexifiers
5. Is there justification for specializing on creoles?
6. In conclusion
References
Defining "creole" as a synchronic term
1. Introduction
2. Epistemology of the Creole Prototype
3. Specifying the three traits of the Creole Prototype
3.1. Inflectional affixation
3.2. Tone
3.3. Noncompositional derivation
4. The gradience of the Prototype
4.1. Typological similarity of source languages
4.2. Diachronic drift
4.3. Heavy substrate contact
4.4. Heavy superstrate contact
4.5. Implications for the Creole Prototype Hypothes is
5. Situating gradience within the model: Demonstration case - Haitian Creole
5.1. Haitian "inflection"?
5.2. Noncompos itional derivation
5.3. Haitian within the Creole Prototype model: Still in the middle
5.3.1. Import of Haitian derivation
5.3.2. Accounting for gradience: Predictions from other perspectives
5.3.3. Accounting for gradience: Specifying sociohistorical conditions for the Prototype
6. Older languages conforming to the Prototype?
7. Conclusion
References
Opposite processes in "creolization
References
Two types of restructuring in French creoles: A cognitive approach to the genesis of tense markers
1. Grammaticalization: a cognitive-pragmatic approach
1.1. The initial stages of grammaticalization
1.2. Polygenetic meaning change and grammaticalization: French Creole fini
1.3. Later stages of grammaticalization: the loss of present relevance
2. Reanalysis in creolization
2.1. The principle of restructuring in the FrCr's
2.2. Creole tense markers brought about by reanalysis
2.3. Conclusion
3. Reanalysis or grammaticalization? Sorting out the FrCr future markers
References
The fate of subject pronouns: Evidence from creole and non-creole languages
1. Introduction
2. From subject pronoun to predicate marker: Evidence from creole languages
2.1. Seychelles Creole
2.2. Reunion Creole
2.3. Tok Pisin
2.4. Comparison of creole languages with a preverbal marker i
3. Parallels from non-creole languages
3.1. Germanic
3.2. Romance
4. What is the motivation for these changes?
4.1. Iconicity vs frequency
4.2. Further evidence for a frequency-based explanation
5. From subject pronoun to copula
6. Conclusion
Abbreviations
References
Reassessing the role of demographics in language restructuring
1. Introduction
2. The role of demographics
3. The linguistic data: Quantifying creoleness
3.1. How reliable are the results ?
4. The demographic data and the problems inherent in demographic reconstruction
5. Discussion of the results of the comparison
5.1. Complicating factors
5.1.1. Diffusion
5.1.2. The role of motivation
5.1.3. Other relevant factors
6. Conclusion
References
Intermediate" creoles and degrees of change in creole formation: The case of Bajan
1. Introduction
2. Origins of Bajan
2.1. The socio-historical background
2.1.1. Stage 1. 1627-1650: The pre-plantation period
2.1.2. Stage 2. 1650 - 1680: The early plantation period
2.1.3. Stage 3: 1680 - 1800: The core plantation period
2.2. The linguistic inputs
2.2.1. African inputs
2.2.2. The emergence of the Bajan TMA system
2.2.3. Sources of present habitual does
2.2.4. Relative past did
2.2.5. Completive perfect done
2.3. The role of "decreolization " in the formation of Bajan
3. Summary and implications
References
Differential creolization: Some evidence from Earlier African American VernacularEnglish in South Carolina
1. Introduction: Some thoughts on "differential creolization
2. Gullah vs. AAVE in South Carolina
3. Hypothesis and methodology
4. Features in idiolects: Select samples
4.1. A creole idiolect: Sam Polite
4.2. Two semi-creolized idiolects: Ann Ferguson and Adeline Gray
4.3. A non-creole idiolect: Isiah Jeffries
5. Feature distributions in counties: An implicational approach
6. The special case of Horry County
7. Conclusion
References
Restructuring in vitro? Evidence from Early Krio
1. Introduction
2. The colonization of the Sierra Leone peninsula: The main settler groups
3. The sociolinguistic conditions in early Sierra Leone colony
4. The Liberated African variety
4.1. The nature and domain of use of the Liberated African variety
4.2. A note on the corpus
4.3. A case study: Regent
4.4. Interpretation of the Regent data
4.5. Liberated African apprentices - a possible counter-argument?
5. Conclusion: Liberated African jargon as "Traders' English
References
Phonological restructuring in creole: The development of paragoge in Sranan
1. Introduction
2. The historical development of paragoge in Sranan
2.1. Paragoge in Modern Sranan
2.2. Paragoge reconstructed: Smith (1977)
2.3. Paragoge in the earliest Sranan sources
2.3.1. Methodology
2.3.2. When paragoge?
2.3.3. Which vowel is chosen?
3. Substrate and Universals in phonological restructuring
3.1. The issues
3.2. Syllable structure in Sranan's substrate languages
4. Remaining problems
5. Conclusion
References
The development of the life form lexicon of Tok Pisin
1. Introduction
2. The issue
3. Some technical points
4. The development of the life form lexicon of Tok Pisin
4.1. Some initial observations
4.2. The data
4.3. Tok Pisin naming of nature
4.4. Power and social context in pidginization
4.5. Classification and taxonomies
4.5.1. Kingdom level
4.5.2. Lifeform taxa
4.5.3. Generic level
4.5.4. Sub generic level and varietal level
5. Some notes on etymologizing and English influence
6. Conclusions
References
APPENDIX I
APPENDIX II
APPENDIX III
Créolisation du français et francisation du créole: Les cas de Saint-Barthélemy et de la Réunion
La Réunion
Saint-Barthélemy
La Réunion et Saint-Barthélémy
Références
Restructurations dans un créole "conservateur": Le cas du créole louisianais
1. Introduction
2. Le concept de restructuration
3. Restructuration "différentielle" en créole louisianais
4. Conclusions
Abréviations
Bibliographie
The myth of decreolization: The anomalous case of Palenquero
1. Introduction
2. Palenque today
3. Palenquero bilingualism, lects, and decreolization
3.1. Code-switching
3.2. Longitudinal data and evidence for the paucity of restructuring
3.2.1. Evidence for the paucity of restructuring
4. The myth of decreolization
4.1. The myth as a result of the chronology of events in creole studies
4.2. The myth: its connection to the monogenetic hypothesis
4.3. The myth and its apparent substantiation: the synchronic evidence (interference)
5. On language attitudes and why one should expect restructuring in Palenque
5.1. The differential prestige of Spanish and Palenquero
5.2. Intense co-existence of Palenquero and Spanish
5.3. Typological proximity between Palenquero and Spanish
5.4. Shared vocabulary
6. "Natural changes" that have not occurred in Palenquero grammar
6.1. Consistent omission of articles
6.2. Word order: the inflexible sequencing of Palenquero object pronouns
6.3. Subject pronouns : absence of transfer or blending
7. Reasons for resistance to restructuring
8. Implications for further research
References
Bozal Spanish: Restructuring or creolization?
1. Introduction
2. The African background
2.1. Afro-Cuban demographics
2.2. The Yoruba language in Cuba
2.3. Bantu languages in Cuba
3. Development of preverbal particles in Afro-Cuban pidgin
4. Creation of hybrid Spanish-Yoruba verbs in Afro-Cuban pidgin
5. Bare infinitives and 3sg. verbs as (Yoruba-influenced) aorists
6. Pleonastic lo as an incipient subject clitic in bozal Spanish
7. Development of INFL in Afro-Hispanic pidgin: clitics and particles
8. Conclusions
References
Centre africain et périphérie portugaise dans le Créole santiagais du Cap Vert?
Le problème
Caractère spécifique des parallélismes observés
Explication historique
Créolisation et restructuration
Bibliographie
Subject Index
Language Index

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Degrees of Restructuring in Creole Languages

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