
Methods of Noncommutative Analysis
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Content
- Intro
- Preface
- I Elementary Notions of Noncommutative Analysis
- 1 Some Situations where Functions of Noncommuting Operators Arise
- 1.1 Nonautonomous Linear Differential Equations of First Order. T-Exponentials
- 1.2 Operators of Quantum Mechanics. Creation and Annihilation Operators
- 1.3 Differential and Integral Operators
- 1.4 Problems of Perturbation Theory
- 1.5 Multiplication Law in Lie Groups
- 1.6 Eigenfunctions and Eigenvalues of the Quantum Oscillator
- 1.7 T-Exponentials, Trotter Formulas, and Path Integrals
- 2 Functions of Noncommuting Operators: the Construction and Main Properties
- 2.1 Motivations
- 2.2 The Definition and the Uniqueness Theorem
- 2.3 Basic Properties
- 2.4 Tempered Symbols and Generators of Tempered Groups
- 2.5 The Influence of the Symbol Classes on the Properties of Generators
- 2.6 Weyl Quantization
- 3 Noncommutative Differential Calculus
- 3.1 The Derivation Formula
- 3.2 The Daletskii-Krein Formula
- 3.3 Higher-Order Expansions
- 3.4 Permutation of Feynman Indices
- 3.5 The Composite Function Formula
- 4 The Campbell-Hausdorff Theorem and Dynkin's Formula
- 4.1 Statement of the Problem
- 4.2 The Commutation Operation
- 4.3 A Closed Formula for In (eBeA)
- 4.4 A Closed Formula for the Logarithm of a T-Exponential
- 5 Summary: Rules of "Operator Arithmetic" and Some Standard Techniques
- 5.1 Notation
- 5.2 Rules
- 5.3 Standard Techniques
- II Method of Ordered Representation
- 1 Ordered Representation: Definition and Main Property
- 1.1 Wick Normal Form
- 1.2 Ordered Representation and Theorem on Products
- 1.3 Reduction to Normal Form
- 2 Some Examples
- 2.1 Functions of the Operators x and - ih?/d?
- 2.2 Perturbed Heisenberg Relations
- 2.3 Examples of Nonlinear Commutation Relations
- 2.4 Lie Commutation Relations
- 2.5 Graded Lie Algebras
- 3 Evaluation of the Ordered Representation Operators
- 3.1 Equations for the Ordered Representation Operators
- 3.2 How to Obtain the Solution
- 3.3 Semilinear Commutation Relations
- 4 The Jacobi Condition and Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt Theorem
- 4.1 Ordered Representation of Relation Systems and the Jacobi Condition
- 4.2 The Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt Theorem
- 4.3 Verification of the Jacobi Condition: Two Examples
- 5 The Ordered Representations, Jacobi Condition, and the Yang-Baxter Equation
- 6 Representations of Lie Groups and Functions of Their Generators
- 6.1 Conditions on the Representation
- 6.2 Hilbert Scales
- 6.3 Symbol Spaces
- 6.4 Symbol Classes: More Suitable for Asymptotic Problems
- III Noncommutative Analysis and Differential Equations
- 1 Preliminaries
- 1.1 Heaviside's Operator Method for Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients
- 1.2 Nonstandard Characteristics and Asymptotic Expansions
- 1.3 Asymptotic Expansions: Smoothness vs Parameter
- 1.4 Asymptotic Expansions with Respect to an Ordered Tuple of Operators
- 1.5 Reduction to Pseudodifferential Equations
- 1.6 Commutation of an h-1-Pseudodifferential Operator with an Exponential
- 1.7 Summary: the General Scheme
- 2 Difference and Difference-Differential Equations
- 2.1 Difference Approximations as Pseudodifferential Equations
- 2.2 Difference Approximations as Functions of x and dx±
- 2.3 Another Approach to Difference Approximations
- 3 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Plasma
- 3.1 Statement of the Problem
- 3.2 The Construction of the Asymptotic Expansion
- 3.3 Analysis of the Asymptotic Solution
- 4 Equations with Symbols Growing at Infinity
- 4.1 Statement of the Problem and its Operator Interpretation
- 4.2 Asymptotic Solution of the Symbolic Equation
- 4.3 Equations with Fractional Powers of x in the Coefficients
- 5 Geostrophic Wind Equations
- 6 Degenerate Equations
- 6.1 Statement of the Problem
- 6.2 Localization of the Right-Hand Side
- 6.3 Solving the Equation with Localized Right-Hand Side
- 6.4 The Asymptotic Solution in the General Case
- 7 Microlocal Asymptotic Solutions for an Operator with Double Characteristics
- IV Functional-Analytic Background of Noncommutative Analysis
- 1 Topics on Convergence
- 1.1 What Is Actually Needed?
- 1.2 Polynormed Spaces and Algebras
- 1.3 Tensor Products
- 2 Symbol Spaces and Generators
- 2.1 Definitions
- 2.2 S8 Is a Proper Symbol Space
- 2.3 S8-Generators
- 3 Functions of Operators in Scales of Spaces
- 3.1 Banach Scales
- 3.2 S8-Generators in Banach Scales
- 3.3 Functions of Feynman-Ordered Selfadjoint Operators
- Appendix A. Representation of Lie Algebras and Lie Groups
- 1 Lie Algebras and Their Representations
- 1.1 Lie Algebras, Bases, Structure Constants, Subalgebras
- 1.2 Examples of Lie Algebras
- 1.3 Homomorphisms, Ideals, Quotient Algebras
- 1.4 Representations
- 1.5 The Associated Representation ad. The Center of a Lie Algebra
- 1.6 The Ado Theorem
- 1.7 Nilpotent Lie Algebras
- 2 Lie Groups and Their Representations
- 2.1 Lie Groups, Subgroups, the Gleason-Montgomery-Zippin Theorem
- 2.2 Examples of Lie Groups
- 2.3 Local Lie Groups
- 2.4 Homomorphisms of Lie Groups, Normal Subgroups, Quotient Groups
- 3 Left and Right Translations. The Haar Measure
- 3.1 Left and Right Regular Representations
- 3.2 Representations of Lie Groups
- 4 The Relationship between Lie Groups and Lie Algebras
- 4.1 The Lie Algebra of a Lie Group
- 4.2 Examples
- 4.3 The Exponential Mapping, One-Parameter Subgroups, Coordinates of I and II Genera
- 4.4 Evaluating the Commutator with the Help of the Mapping exp
- 4.5 Derived Homomorphisms
- 4.6 Derived Representation
- 4.7 The Lie Group Corresponding to a Lie Algebra
- 4.8 The Krein-Shikhvatov Theorem
- Appendix B. Pseudodifferential Operators
- 1 Elementary Introduction
- 2 Symbol Spaces and Generators
- 3 Pseudodifferential Operators
- Glossary
- Bibliographical Remarks
- Bibliography
- Index
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