Chitin

ForewordAcknowledgmentsIntroductionChapter 1 Enzymic Synthesis of Chitin and Chitosan Occurrence of Chitin Arthropods Fungi Yeasts Enzymic Model of Chitin Synthesis Properties of Chitin Synthetase Zymogen + Activating Factor + Inhibitor System Chitin Synthetase Zymogen Activating Factor Inhibitor Production of Chitin Synthetase Cell-Free Extract Preparation Isolation of Unbound Chitin Synthetase Chitin Associations Chitin Bound Carotenoids Chitin and Glucans Chitin Associations with Proteins Chitosan Production by Chitin Deacetylase Preparation of Chitin Deacetylase Properties of Chitin Deacetylase Chitin Biosynthesis Inhibition Polyoxins InsecticidesChapter 2 Stereochemistry and Physical Characterization Chitin Polymorphism Conformation of a-Chitin Conformation of ß-Chitin Chitin Microfibrils Helicoidal Architecture Liquid Crystals Colloidal Chitin Solubility and Viscosity Chitin Chitosan Shearing Hydrophilicity and Swelling Membrane Formation General Characteristics Reverse Osmosis Membranes Chitin Xanthate Membranes Molecular Weight Thermal Degradation Electrical Properties Optical PropertiesChapter 3 Chitin Chemistry Preparation of Chitin Method of Hackman Method of Whistler & BeMiller Method of Horowitz, Roseman & Blumenthal Method of Foster & Hackman Method of Takeda & Abe and Takeda & Katsuura Method of Broussignac Other Methods Radioactive Chitin Deacetylation of Chitin Method of Horowitz, Roseman & Blumenthal and Horton & Lineback Method of Rigby & Wolfrom, Mayer & Chaney and Wolfrom & Shen-han Method of Broussignac Method of Fujita Method of Peniston & Johnson Alkali Chitin Chitosan Salt Formation Anions Dyes Oxidation Oxidative Deamination of Chitosan Carboxyl Group Formation Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives Sulfation Cyanoethylation Carboxymethylation Hydroxyethylation (Glycolation) Alkyl Ethers N-Alkyl Derivatives Xanthation Other Derivatives Reactions with Carbonyl Compounds Anhydrides Aldehydes Polyelectrolytes Chelation of Metal Ions Chelating Ability of Chitin and Chitosan Enhanced Performances Analytical Determinations Spectrophotometric Determinations Colloid TitrationsChapter 4 Chitinases and Related Enzymes Chitinase and Chitobiase Chitinase Extraction and Purification Chitosanases Lysozymes Hydrolysis Transglycosylation Oligomer Production N-Acetylglucosamine and Acetylated Oligomers Glucosamine and Deacetylated Oligomers Chitinase Activity Determination Fluorescent Chitinases Chitinase and Chitobiase OccurrenceChapter 5 Chromatographic Applications Ion-Exchange Chromatography Acids Nucleic Acids Amino Acids Phenols Inorganic Oxyanions Chelation Chromatography Determination of Copper in Sea Water Affinity Chromatography Lysozymes Immobilized Enzymes Wheat Germ Agglutinin Tobacco Mosaic Virus Future DevelopmentsChapter 6 Industrial Production and Applications Industrial Production of Chitin and Chitosan Resources and Availability Economical Aspects Chitin and Chitosan Production Process Chelating Polymers for Harmful Metals Nuclear Fission Products Mercury and Copper Paper and Textile Additives Applications of Chitosan in Paper Making Sheet F