Cyclic GMP: Synthesis, Metabolism, and Function
Synthesis, Metabolism, and Function
Published on 18. May 1994
335 pages
978-0-08-058117-0 (ISBN)
Description
This volume is dedicated to the topic of cyclic GMP. Chapters include discussions on the guanylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase isoenzyme families for cyclic GMP synthesis and hydrolysis, cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinases, and various hormones and ligands that regulate cyclic GMP formation and/or metabolism. Several chapters also deal with some of the effects of cyclic GMP on other second messengers such as calcium ion transport and smooth muscle relaxation. Some clinical studies with cyclic GMP and atrial natriuretic peptide are also discussed. The last chapter raises many important questions in the field that remain to be addressed.
- Isoforms of guanylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase isoenzyme families for cyclic GMP synthesis and hydrolysis
- Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase
- Hormones and ligands that regulate GMP formation and/or metabolism
- Effects of cyclic GMP on other second messengers and some functions such as smooth muscle relaxation and ion transport
- Clinical studies with cyclic GMP and atrial natriuretic peptide
- Important questions and experiments for the future
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Content
- Cover
- Contents
- Chapter 1. Introduction and Some Historical Comments Ferid Murad
- References
- Chapter 2. Cloning of Guanylyl Cyclase Isoforms
- I. Introduction
- II. Cloning of Particulate Guanylyl Cyclases
- III. Cloning of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclases
- IV. Summary
- References
- Chapter 3. Regulation of Cytosolic Guanylyl Cyclase by Nitric Oxide: The NO-Cyclic GMP Signal Transduction System
- I. Introduction
- II. Effects of Nitric Oxide on Cyclic GMP Synthesis and Smooth Muscle Relaxation
- III. Effects of Endothelial-Derived Relaxing Factor on Cyclic GMP Formation
- IV. Nitric Oxide Formation
- V. Summary
- References
- Chapter 4. Regulation of Cytosolic Guanylyl Cyclase by Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins
- I. Introduction and Overview
- II. Studies Leading to the Discovery That Protoporphyrin IX Activates Guanylate Cyclase
- III. Kinetic Mechanisms by Which Protoporphyrin IX Activates Guanylate Cyclase and Similarity to Nitric Oxide-Heme Complex
- IV. Role of Copper Bound to Guanylate Cyclase
- V. Mechanism by Which Phenylhydrazine Activates Guanylate Cyclase
- VI. Structure-Activity Relationships Involving Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins
- VII. Regulation of Guanylate Cyclase Activity by Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins
- VIII. Nitric Oxide-Heme Exchange between Hemoproteins and Guanylate Cyclase
- IX. Summary and Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 5. Regulation of Particulate Guanylate Cyclase by Natriuretic Peptides and Escherichiu coli Heat-Stable Enterotoxin
- I. Introduction
- II. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) Receptors
- III. Heat-Stable Enterotoxin (ST) Receptor
- IV. Particulate Guanylate Cyclase-Cyclic GMP Second Messenger System
- References
- Chapter 6. Cyclic GMP and Regulation of Cyclic Nucleotide Hydrolysis
- I. Introduction
- II. Ca2+/CaM-Dependent PDE Family
- III. Cyclic GMP-Specific PDE Family
- IV. Cyclic GMP-Stimulated Phosphodiesterase Family
- V. Cyclic GMP-Inhibited PDE Family
- VI. Summary
- References
- Chapter 7. Progress in Understanding the Mechanism and Function of Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase
- I. Introduction
- II. Tissue Distribution of Cyclic GMP Kinase
- III. Isozymes
- IV. Nonmammalian Cyclic GMP Kinases
- V. General Structure
- VI. Microheterogeneity
- VII. Domain Structures and Functions
- VIII. Physiological Function
- IX. Cross-Activation
- X. Concluding Remarks
- References
- Chapter 8. Effects of Cyclic GMP on Smooth Muscle Relaxation
- I. Introduction
- II. Isoforms of Guanylyl Cyclase Present in Smooth Muscle
- III. Mechanism of Cyclic GMP-Mediated Smooth Muscle Relaxation
- IV. Summary
- References
- Chapter 9. Interrelationships of Cyclic GMP, Inositol Phosphates, and Calcium
- I. Introduction
- II. Cyclic GMP Effects on Calcium
- III. Cyclic GMP Effect on Ins(1,4,5)P3 Production
- References
- Chapter 10. Cyclic GMP Regulation of Calcium Slow Channels in Cardiac Muscle and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
- I. Introduction and Overview
- II. Cardiac Muscle
- III. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
- IV. Skeletal Muscle Fibers
- V. Summary
- References
- Chapter 11. Effect of Cyclic GMP on Intestinal Transport
- I. Introduction
- II. Synthesis of Cyclic GMP in the Intestine
- III. Effects of Cyclic GMP on Intestinal Transport in Mammals
- IV. Effects of Cyclic GMP on Intestinal Transport in Winter Flounder
- V. Mechanisms of Cyclic GMP Action in the Intestine
- VI. Intestinal Form of Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase (Type II)
- VII. The CFTR C Channel and Its Regulation by Cyclic GMP
- VIII. Function of Cyclic GMP-Induced Electrolyte and Fluid Secretion in the Intestine
- References
- Chapter 12. Cyclic GMP in Lower Forms
- I. Introduction
- II. Bacteria
- III. Slime Molds and Fungi
- IV. Cyclic GMP in the Protozoans Tetrahymena and Paramecium
- V. Cyclic GMP in Other Lower Forms
- References
- Chapter 13. Clinical Relationships of Cyclic GMP
- I. Introduction
- II. Cyclic GMP Measurements in Healthy Humans
- III. Cyclic GMP Measurements in Essential Hypertension
- IV. Use of Cyclic GMP Measurements as a Tool in Other Diseases
- V. Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 14. Future Directions
- References
- Index
