
Signs, Language, and Behavior
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Content
- Intro
- Table of Contents
- PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- 1-SIGNS AND BEHAVIOR SITUATIONS
- 1. The Problem of Approach
- 2. Preliminary Isolation of Sign-Behavior
- 3. Toward Precision in the Identification of Sign-Behavior
- 4. Some Objections Considered
- 5. Further Remarks on Sign-Processes
- 6. The Basic Terms of Semiotic
- 7. Extension of Terminology
- 8. Signal and Symbol
- 9. Alternatives to a Behavioral Semiotic
- 2-LANGUAGE AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
- 1. Language as Sign Phenomenon
- 2. The Definition of 'Language'
- 3. Consideration of the Proposed Definition
- 4. The Interpersonality of the Language Sign
- 5. Mead's Concept of the Significant Symbol
- 6. Post-Language Symbols
- 7. The Mentalistic Controversy Resumed
- 8. Signs in Animals and Men
- 9. Language and Behavioristics
- 3-MODES OF SIGNIFYING
- 1. The Problem Stated
- 2. Origin of the Modes of Signifying
- 3. Behavioral Criteria for Differentiating the Modes
- 4. Expression, Emotion, and Usage
- 5. Ogden and Richards on Modes of Signifying
- 6. Ascriptors
- 7. Identifiors, Designators, and Designative Ascriptors
- 8. Appraisors and Appraisive Ascriptors
- 9. Prescriptors and Prescriptive Ascriptors
- 10. Formators and Formative Ascriptors
- 11. Interrelation of the Modes of Signifying
- 4-ADEQUACY, TRUTH, AND RELIABILITY OF SIGNS
- 1. The Sense in Which a Sign Is Used
- 2. The Four Primary Sign Usages
- 3. Informative Adequacy: Convincingness
- 4. Valuative Adequacy: Effectiveness
- 5. Incitive Adequacy: Persuasiveness
- 6. Systemic Adequacy: Correctness
- 7. T-Ascriptors and "Truth"
- 8. Belief and Knowledge
- 9. The Limits of Signification and Knowledge
- 10. The Control of Non-Designative Ascriptors
- 11. Communication
- 12. Belief, Denotation, and Adequacy
- 5-TYPES OF DISCOURSE
- 1. Classificatory Basis
- 2. Scientific Discourse
- 3. Fictive Discourse
- 4. Legal Discourse
- 5. Cosmological Discourse
- 6. Mythical Discourse
- 7. Poetic Discourse
- 8. Moral Discourse
- 9. Critical Discourse
- 10. Technological Discourse
- 11. Political Discourse
- 12. Religious Discourse
- 13. Propagandistic Discourse
- 14. The Study of Types of Discourse
- 6-FORMATORS AND FORMATIVE DISCOURSE
- 1. The Problem of Formators
- 2. The Nature of Formators
- 3. Kinds of Formators
- 4. Formative Ascriptors
- 5. The Behavioral Basis of Formative Ascriptors
- 6. Formative Ascriptors, Truth, and Knowledge
- 7. Logico-Mathematical Discourse
- 8. Rhetorical Discourse
- 9. Grammatical Discourse
- 10. Metaphysical Discourse
- 11. Logic and Mathematics
- 12. Rhetoric, Grammar, and Metaphysics
- 7-INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL IMPORT OF SIGNS
- 1. The Problem of This Chapter
- 2. The Significance of Non-Vocal Signs
- 3. Are the Arts Languages?
- 4. Effects of Personal Post-Language Symbols
- 5. The Pathology of Signs
- 6. Signs and Personality Disturbances
- 7. Signs and Societies
- 8. Social Control
- 9. The Social Pathology of Signs
- 10. Communication, Co-operation, and Conflict
- 8-THE SCOPE AND IMPORT OF SEMIOTIC
- 1. Pragmatics, Semantics, and Syntactics
- 2. A Program for Linguistics
- 3. Semiotic as Unification of Science
- 4. The Place of Psychology within Science
- 5. The Humanities and Scientific Humanistics
- 6. The Language of Philosophy
- 7. The Import of Semiotic for the Individual
- 8. The Import of Semiotic for Social Organization
- 9. Semiotic and the School
- 10. Problems and Program
- APPENDIX-SOME CONTEMPORARY ANALYSES OF SIGN-PROCESSES
- 1. The History of Semiotic
- 2. Charles Peirce on Signs
- 3. Behavioral Formulations of Sign-Processes
- 4. Mentalistic Formulations of Sign-Processes
- 5. Consideration of the Behavioral-Mentalistic Controversy
- 6. Tolman's Concept of Sign-Gestalt
- 7. Hull's Concept of Pure-Stimulus Acts
- 8. The Uniqueness of Sign-Behavior
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- 1. Books and Articles
- GLOSSARY
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