An Introduction to Equilibrium Thermodynamics

PrefaceChapter 1 First Law of Thermodynamics 1-1 Thermodynamics 1-2 Temperature 1-3 Equilibrium Concepts 1-4 Systems 1-5 Perfect Gas as a Thermometer 1-6 Work 1-7 Heat 1-8 Heat Capacity 1-9 First Law of Thermodynamics 1-10 Energy of a Perfect Gas (Translational Degrees of Freedom) 1-11 Thermodynamic Properties 1-12 Specific Heat at Constant Volume 1-13 Specific Heat at Constant Pressure 1-14 Reversible Process 1-15 Carnot Cycle 1-16 Non-mechanical Work (a) Work Due to Elastic Strain (b) Work Due to Charging a Capacitor (c) Work Due to Inductance and Resistance (d) Work Due to Magnetism (Paramagnetic Material) Problems References Chapter 2 The Statistical Inference of Thermodynamics 2-1 Systems and Ensembles 2-2 Probability 2-3 Uncertainty of the Statistics 2-4 Entropy and Equilibrium 2-5 The Probability Distribution 2-6 Alternate Method of Formulating the Probability Distribution 2-7 The Partition Function 2-8 The Third Law of Thermodynamics 2-9 Grand Partition Function Problems References Chapter 3 Ideal Gas System: Maxwell-Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac, Bose-Einstein 3-1 Schrödinger Wave Equation 3-2 Wave Equation for Ideal Monatomic Gas 3-3 Subsystems 3 -4 Degeneracy 3-5 The Ideal Monatomic Gas 3-6 Maxwell-Boltzmann Distributions 3-7 Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein Gases 3-8 The Ideal MB Gas as the Limit of FD and BE Statistics 3-9 Black Body Radiation (An Example of a Photon Gas) 3-10 Electron Gas in Metals (Perfect Electron Gas) Problems References Chapter 4 Ideal Diatomic Gas and Perfect Crystal 4-1 Model of Ideal Diatomic Gas 4-2 Translational Partition Function 4-3 Rotational Partition Function 4-4 Vibrational Partition Function - Harmonic Oscillator 4-5 Electronic Partition Function 4-6 Summary of Diatomic Gas 4-7 Perfect Crystal Problems References Chapter 5 Second Law of Thermodynamics 5-1 A Macroscopic Look at Entropy 5-2 Second Law of Thermodynamics 5-3 Entropy in a Reversible System 5-4 Entropy in an Irreversible System 5-5 Clausius' Inequality Problems References Chapter 6 Thermodynamic Functions 6-1 Transformation of Thermodynamic Variables 6-2 Legendre Transformation 6-3 Enthalpy 6-4 Helmholtz Function 6-5 Gibbs Function 6-6 Relationship Between Helmholtz and Massieu Functions 6-7 Legendre Transformation of Entropic Form of the Fundamental Equation 6-8 Maxwell Relations 6-9 Example Problem-Osmosis 6-10 Extensive and Intensive Thermodynamic State Parameters 6-11 Jacobian Transformations 6-12 Integration of dU Problems ReferencesChapter 7 Flow Systems 7-1 Steady State System 7-2 Pure Substances 7-3 Tabulated Properties 7-4 Some Specific Flow Processes (a) Steady State Nozzle Flow (b) Steady State Throttling Process 7-5 General Flow Process Problems ReferencesChapter 8 Thermal Energy Converters 8-1 Closed and Open System Analysis 8-2 Closed System Analysis (a) Air Standard Otto Cycle (b) Air Standard Diesel Cycle (c) Air Standard Brayton Cycle (d) Other Cycles 8-3 Rankine Cycle Problems References Chapter 9 Non-reactive Mixtures of Ideal Gases 9-1 Mass Fractions and Mole Fractions 9-2 Gibbs-Dalton Law 9-3 Partial Volume Concepts 9-4 Partial Molal and Partial Mass Properties 9-5 Non-reactive Mixtures of Ideal Gases and Vapors (a) Specific Humidity or Humidity Ratio (b) Relative Humidity 9-6 Steady State Flow of Gas-Vapor Mixtures Problems Chapter 10 An Introduction to Irreversible Thermodynamics 10-1 The Interdependence of the Lagrange Multipliers ß and ¿¿