Molecular and Cell Endocrinology

Name: Molecular and Cell Endocrinology
Brand: Elsevier
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Published on 16. February 1998

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978-0-08-053672-9 (ISBN)

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Volume 10A
Front Cover
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1. Endocrine Feedback Control in Health and Disease
INTRODUCTION
CONTROL THEORY
CONTROL THEORY AND ITS CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 2. Mechanisms of Negative and Positive Feedback of Steroids in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary System George Fink
INTRODUCTION
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK IN THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK IN THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-GONADAL AXIS
STEROID POSITIVE FEEDBACK: SPONTANEOUS GONADOTROPIN AND PROLACTIN SURGES
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ESTROGEN FEEDBACK AND THE LHRH SELF-PRIMING EFFECT
OVERALL CONCLUSIONS AND HYPOTHESES
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
Chapter 3. Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurosecretory Cells: Regulation of Peptide Expression and Release
INTRODUCTION
THE HYPOTHALOMO-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS
REGULATION OF PEPTIDE EXPRESSION IN HYPOTHALAMIC NEUROSECRETORY CELLS
REGULATION OF PEPTIDE RELEASE FROM NEUROSECRETORY AXONS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Chapter 4. Functional Morphology of Hypophysiotropic Hormone-Synthesizing Neurons: Identification, Connectivity, and Plasticity
INTRODUCTION
THE HYPOPHYSIOTROPIC HORMONES AS REGULATORS OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONE SECRETION
HYPOPHYSIOTROPIC AREAS IN THE BRAIN
CONNECTIVITY OF HYPOPHYSIOTROPIC NEURONS: AFFERENTS AND COLOCALIZATION
CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
NOTES
Chapter 5. The Pineal Gland
INTRODUCTION
PINEAL MORPHOLOGY AND INNERVATION
MELATONIN LEVELS IN BLOOD AND OTHER BODY FLUIDS
MELATONIN RECEPTORS/BINDING SITES
PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF MELATONIN
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Chapter 6. Pituitary-Thyroid Relationships
INTRODUCTION
EARLY STUDIES OF TSH
THE PITUITARY-THYROID AXIS
TOTAL T 4: A BROAD NORMAL RANGE
DIURNAL VARIATION OF TSH RELEASE
NEWBORN SCREENING
INAPPROPRIATE SECRETION OF TSH
STRUCTURE OF a-SUBUNIT GENE
STRUCTURE OF TSH ß-SUBUNIT GENE
PRETRANSLATIONAL REGULATION OF TSH SUBUNIT BIOSYNTHESIS
POSTTRANSLATIONAL PROCESSING OF TSH
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Chapter 7. The Parathyroid Gland: Regulation of Production of Parathyroid Hormone
INTRODUCTION
REGULATION OF PTH GENE EXPRESSION
REGULATION OF DEGRADATION OF SYNTHESIZED PTH
INTRACELLULAR REGULATION OF PTH SECRETION
REGULATION OF CELL PROLIFERATION
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 8. The Adrenal Medulla
INTRODUCTION
GROSS ANATOMY OF THE ADRENAL MEDULLA
HISTOLOGY OF THE ADRENAL MEDULLA
STRUCTURE OF THE CHROMAFFIN CELL
PATHOLOGY OF THE ADRENAL MEDULLA
THE ADRENAL MEDULLA AS A MODEL SYSTEM FOR NEUROBIOLOGY
THE CHROMAFFIN VESICLE
BIOSYNTHESIS OF CATECHOLAMINES
UPTAKE OF CATECHOLAMINES INTO CHROMAFFIN VESICLES
STIMULUS-SECRETION COUPLING
TRANSPLANTATION OF THE ADRENAL MEDULLA FOR PARKINSON'S DISEASE
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
NOTE
REFERENCES
RECOMMENDED READINGS
Chapter 9. The Adrenal Cortex
INTRODUCTION
MORPHOLOGY OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX
STEROID BIOSYNTHESIS
PHYSIOLOGY OF ADRENAL STEROIDS
HISTOPATHOLOGY
SUMMARY
RECOMMENDED READINGS
Chapter 10. Steroid Hormone and Related Receptors
INTRODUCTION
STEROID HORMONE RECEPTORS ARE MEMBERS OF A SUPERFAMILY OF NUCLEAR RECEPTORS
REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF RECEPTOR ACTIVITY
NUCLEAR HORMONE RECEPTORS BIND TO SHORT DNA SEQUENCES WITHIN TARGET GENE PROMOTERS CALLED HORMONE RESPONSE ELEMENTS
REGULATION OF GENE TRANSCRIPTION BY NUCLEAR HORMONE RECEPTORS
SIGNALING CROSSTALK BETWEEN DIFFERENT NUCLEAR HORMONE RECEPTORS AND BETWEEN RECEPTORS AND OTHER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS
NUCLEAR HORMONE RECEPTOR FUNCTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT AND HOMEOSTASIS
DISEASES CAUSED BY NUCLEAR HORMONE RECEPTOR ABNORMALITIES
CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 11. Enzyme Modulation of Access to Corticosteroid Receptors
INTRODUCTION
THE PARADOX OF RENAL MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY
CORTISOL METABOLISM AND MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY
ENZYME-MEDIATED RECEPTOR PROTECTION
CLINICAL IMPACT OF 11 ß-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
RECOMMENDED READINGS
Chapter 12. Control of Steroid Receptor Function and Gene Expression: The Glucocorticoid Receptor
INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW OF STEROID RECEPTORS
RECEPTORS AND RESPONSE
MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE
WHY INTRAGENIC ELEMENTS?
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
RECOMMENDED READINGS
Chapter 13. Molecular Mechanisms of Thyroid Hormone Action
INTRODUCTION
SYNTHESIS, SECRETION, AND METABOLISM OF THYROID HORMONES
PLASMA BINDING PROTEINS
EFFECTS OF THYROID HORMONES ON METABOLIC PROCESSES
HYPOTHYROIDISM
HYPERTHYROIDISM
THE THYROID HORMONE RECEPTORS
GENERALIZED THYROID HORMONE RESISTANCE
SUMMARY
NOTE ADDED IN PROOF
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Volume 10B
Front Cover
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
Chapter 14. Insulin and the Insulin-like Growth Factors in Health and Disease
INTRODUCTION
INSULIN AND IGFs
RECEPTORS
BINDING PROTEINS
PHYLOGENY
THE ROLE OF INSULIN AND IGFs IN VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL STATES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
RECOMMENDED READINGS
Chapter 15. Molecular Mechanisms in the Pathophysiology of Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Insulin Resistance and Insulin Deficiency
INTRODUCTION
INSULIN RESISTANCE
INSULIN DEFICIENCY
NOTE ADDED IN PROOF
REFERENCES
Chapter 16. Glucagon: Molecular Biology and Structure-Activity
INTRODUCTION
GLUCAGON MECHANISMS OF ACTION
GLUCAGON/GLUCAGON RECEPTOR: STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
RECOMMENDED READING
Chapter 17. Somatostatin
INTRODUCTION
SOMATOSTATIN ANALOGUES
ACROMEGALY
ISLET CELL TUMORS AND CARCINOIDS
ONCOLOGY
SOMATOSTATIN RECEPTOR SCINTIGRAPHY
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
RECOMMENDED READINGS
Chapter 18. The Vasopressin-Oxytocin Systems of the Neurohypophysis
VASOPRESSIN: THE ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE
OXYTOCIN
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
RECOMMENDED READINGS
Chapter 19. Prolactin
INTRODUCTION
PROLACTIN ACTION
PROLACTIN PRODUCTION
PROLACTIN-SECRETING PITUITARY TUMORS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
RECOMMENDED READINGS
Chapter 20. Growth Hormone
INTRODUCTION
THE GH RECEPTOR
NEUROREGULATION OF GH SECRETION
GHRH
GH-BINDING PROTEINS
THE TEMPORAL PATTERN OF CIRCULATING GH
EFFECTS OF GH ON CELL PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION
EFFECTS OF GH ON INTERMEDIARY FUEL METABOLISM
REFERENCES
RECOMMENDED READINGS
Chapter 21. Neuropeptide Y: Its Central and Peripheral Significance to Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
INTRODUCTION
NEUROPEPTIDE Y IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
NEUROPEPTIDE Y IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
NEUROPEPTIDE Y IN SPECIFIC BRAIN REGIONS
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
NOTE ADDED IN PROOF
REFERENCES
RECOMMENDED READINGS
Chapter 22. Natriuretic Peptides
INTRODUCTION
STRUCTURE AND BIOSYNTHESIS OF NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES
CARDIAC AND EXTRACARDIAC SITES OF NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE EXPRESSION
REGULATION OF NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS AND RELEASE
RENAL ACTIONS OF NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES
EFFECTS ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
EFFECTS ON RENIN AND ALDOSTERONE
RECEPTORS AND SECOND MESSENGERS FOR NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES
NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES IN PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
THERAPEUTIC USE OF CARDIAC PEPTIDES
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
RECOMMENDED READINGS
Chapter 23. Natriuretic Hormone as a Circulating Inhibitor of Na+ -K+ - ATPase
INTRODUCTION
PLURALITY OF SODIUM REGULATORY MECHANISMS
HYPOTHESIS OF THE EXISTENCE OF NATRIURETIC HORMONE(S)
ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR
NATRIURETIC HORMONE
EXOGENOUS CARDIOTONIC GLYCOSIDES
ENDOGENOUS DIGITALISLIKE OR OUABAINLIKE ACTIVITIES
ENDOGENOUS OUABAIN AND HYPERTENSION
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Chapter 24. Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide
INTRODUCTION
CHEMISTRY OF VIP AND INTERACTION WITH RECEPTORS
LOCATIONS OF VIP IN NERVES AND VIP RELEASE FROM NERVES
ACTIONS OF VIP
LOCALIZATION AND ACTION IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
LOCALIZATION AND ACTION IN THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
LOCALIZATION AND ACTION IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
LOCALIZATION AND ACTION IN THE UROGENITAL SYSTEM
LOCALIZATION AND ACTION IN THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
LOCALIZATION AND ACTIONS IN THE GASTROINTEST NAL SYSTEM
CONTROL OF ENTERIC VIP RELEASE
MUCOSAL FUNCTION
INTERACTIONS OF VIP AND NO
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 25. The Mechanisms of Parathyroid Hormone Action
INTRODUCTION
BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS OF PTH ACTIVITY
PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIONS OF PARATHYROID HORMONE
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
RECOMMENDED READINGS
Chapter 26. The Endothelins
INTRODUCTION
GENERATION OF THE ENDOTHELINS
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
ACTIONS OF THE ENDOTHELINS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
RECOMMENDED READINGS
Chapter 27. Genetic Engineering in the Study of Hormones
INTRODUCTION
INVESTIGATION OF THE STRUCTURES OF HORMONES, RECEPTORS, AND RELATED MOLECULES
THE PRODUCTION OF RECOMBINANT DNA-DERIVED PROTEINS IN PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC HOST CELLS
PRODUCTION OF ALTERED GENES AND PROTEINS: PROTEIN ENGINEERING
HORMONE GENES
THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF HORMONAL DEFECTS
ACTIONS OF HORMONES ON GENE EXPRESSION
MEASUREMENT AND MANIPULATION OF mRNA LEVELS
TRANSGENIC ANIMALS
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
RECOMMENDED READINGS
Chapter 28. Genetics and Cell Biology of Calcitonin Action
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
CELLULAR ACTIONS OF CALCITONIN
POSTRECEPTOR SIGNALING
MOLECULAR GENETICS
POSSIBLE PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
RECOMMENDED READINGS
Chapter 29. The Genetics and Biology of Vitamin D
INTRODUCTION
BIOSYNTHESIS OF VITAMIN D IN SKIN
METABOLISM OF VITAMIN D
MECHANISM OF ACTION OF 1,25-(OH)2D3
FUNCTIONS OF VITAMIN D
THE VITAMIN D ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
THERAPEUTIC USES OF VITAMIN D METABOLITES AND ANALOGUES
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 30. The Tissue Matrix: Cell Signaling and Hormone Regulation
INTRODUCTION
THE TISSUE MATRIX SYSTEM
CONCLUSIONS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
RECOMMENDED READINGS
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Molecular and Cell Endocrinology

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