Investigative Interviewing
Description
"Professors Milne and Bull have produced an updated magnus opus of the science of investigative interviewing. It is not only an indispensable substitute for the cruelty of torture and coercion in solving crime, as this volume demonstrates, it is also a much more effective way of establishing the truth and assigning responsibility, which is the only legitimate object of criminal investigations." -JUAN E. MENDEZ, Former UN Special Rapporteur on Torture (2010-2016)
"Investigative Interviewing: Psychology and Practice (1999) was nothing short of the clearest, most comprehensive approach on how to effectively interview in a criminal context while adhering to the highest possible ethical principles. Milne and Bull are back with a new edition of their landmark text, updating it to include, as contributors, many of the scholars who have been influenced by the original. This edition is sure to inspire another generation of practitioners and researchers to pursue truth and justice in investigative interviews." -CHRISTOPHER E. KELLY, PhD, Professor of Criminal Justice, Saint Joseph's University (USA), Co-Director, International Investigative Interviewing Research Group
"This second edition of Investigative Interviewing: Psychology and Practice is a rare achievement. The Editors have brought together a stellar group of contributors to create more than a textbook: it's a bridge between research and the realities of investigative work. This is a vital resource for anyone committed to ethical and effective investigations: one that informs, challenges and ultimately helps improve the way investigations are conducted." -PAULO BARBOSA MARQUES, Inspector, Polícia Judiciária
Become a well-informed and skilled investigative interviewer
In the newly revised second edition of Investigative Interviewing: Psychology and Practice, a team of distinguished forensic psychologists and practitioners deliver an up-to-date and practical guide to the psychological concepts and evidence-based research that underpin and inform investigative interviewing. The editors have included works that examine the foundational skills and processes that make up the ethical interviewing of witnesses, victims, and those suspected of crime. Each chapter is written by a group of contributors who are leaders in their field.
Readers will also find:
- A thorough introduction to the principles of memory formation and their implications for investigative interviewing
- Comprehensive explorations of the cognitive interview, and examination concerning how to help those who are deemed vulnerable, with complex needs, to give reliable information
- Practical discussions of how to manage conversations, detect truth/deceit, and develop rapport-based interpersonal techniques
- Fulsome treatments of how to convince members of an investigative organisation to adopt the techniques and strategies discussed in the book.
Perfect for aspiring and practicing professionals engaged in the interviewing of participants in the criminal justice and investigation processes, Investigative Interviewing: Psychology and Practice will also benefit solicitors, barristers, social workers, and judges with an interest in the art and science of interviewing.
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Persons
Rebecca Milne, PhD, is a Professor of Forensic Psychology at the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Portsmouth. Her research is focused on police interviewing and investigation, helping to develop procedures that improve the quality of interviews of witnesses, victims, informants, and suspects.
Ray H Bull, PhD, is Emeritus Professor of Forensic Psychology, University of Leicester. His research is focused on investigative interviewing, and he has testified in court as an expert witness on over 50 occasions.
Content
About the Editors ix
About the Authorsxi
Foreword xix
1 Introduction 1
Rebecca Milne and Ray Bull
2 What Is Memory? 13
Ray Bull, Brandon May, and Rebecca Milne
3 The Cognitive Interview and Enhanced Cognitive Interview 63
Gary Dalton, Brandon May, and Rebecca Milne
4 The Conversation Management Approach 111
Andy Griffiths and Eric Shepherd
5 Rapport Based Interviewing in Investigative Interviews: the ORBIT Model 137
Laurence Alison, Joshua Ratcliff, Frances Surmon- Böhr, and Emily Alison Copyrighted Material
6 Detecting Truth and Lies in Interviews with Suspects and Persons of Interest 163
Coral J. Dando, Thomas C. Ormerod, and Andrea Shawyer ix
7 Interviewing Vulnerable Groups 201
Kev Smith, Ray Bull, and Laura Hynes
8 Complex Vulnerability and Facilitative Communication Roles 235
Michelle L. A. Mattison, Brendan M. O'mahony, Patrick Risan, and Martin Vaughan
9 Investigative Interviewing: A Cultural Perspective 265
Kate Chenier and Jeffery Chin
10 Changing Hearts and Minds 287
Ivar Fahsing and Asbjørn Rachlew
11 Conclusion: What Will the Future Bring? 311
Ray Bull and Rebecca Milne
About the Authors
Dr Andrea Shawyer
Dr Andie Shawyer was a Senior Lecturer at the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Portsmouth. Her key area of interest is the psychology of communication in forensic settings, and past research has examined investigative interviewing and detecting deception. She was the Principal Investigator on a three-year project focusing on developing evidence-based communication protocols for the fire and rescue services.
Dr Andy Griffiths
Dr Andy Griffiths is a former UK senior police officer who is internationally recognised and widely published as a subject matter expert on investigative interviewing. Andy was a career detective who led Major Crime (homicide) and Intelligence and Organised Crime departments. A pioneer of police specialist interview training, his PhD was supported through a Bramshill National Police College fellowship, and he was the senior practitioner member of the national policy and practice steering group for over 10 years. He has extensive experience of police interview practice in numerous countries through his work as a trainer, consultant, and visiting academic. He was recently appointed to the UN Consultants' register.
Dr Asbjørn Rachlew
Dr Asbjørn Rachlew, PhD, is a Detective Superintendent at Oslo Police District, Norway, and guest researcher at The Norwegian Centre for Human Rights, University of Oslo (UiO). He completed his MSc in Investigative Psychology at the University of Liverpool in 1999 and his PhD on Errors of Justice in police investigations at the Faculty of Law, University of Oslo, in 2009. He won Politiforums' Prize of honour in 2018 for his longstanding reform and development work within the Norwegian Police. He has published a wide range of texts on investigative interviewing, including the book A Guide to the Professional Interview (2022). He is recurrently used as an expert on Investigative Interviewing in Norwegian courts, governmental and international committees and panels. Since 2021, Rachlew has served as Norway's elected member to the European Committee for the prevention of torture (CPT).
Dr Brendan M. O'Mahony
Brandon is an Assistant Professor in Forensic Psychology at the Florida Institute of Technology. He is the Director of PsychSec Consultancy - a defence and security-focused research consultancy - and an associate of the Centre of Forensic interviewing, University of Portsmouth. He has also held positions as an associate with the National Crime Agency HUMINT hub and the National Police Chief Council Intelligence Practice Research Consortium. Brandon has published on topics associated with forensic interviewing, covert human intelligence practices, decision-making in complex high-stakes environments, and more recently counter-persuasion using online and AI-generated strategies.
Dr Brendan O'Mahony
Brendan O'Mahony is a HCPC-registered Forensic Psychologist practising in England and Wales. He has been a Ministry of Justice Registered Intermediary since 2007. In 2022, he collaborated on the development and delivery of a Masterclass for the International Investigative Interviewing Research Group (iIIRG) annual conference at the University of Winchester - Supporting Vulnerable Individuals to give Best Evidence. He has also collaborated with the Prison Reform Trust in London (and international partners) to develop and deliver training to the police service and to corrections staff in Lusaka, Zambia, about effective communication with persons with psychosocial and intellectual disabilities.
Prof Coral J. Dando
Coral is a Professor of Forensic Psychology at the University of Westminster, London. Following 10 years of police service, she completed a PhD in 2008. Coral is a chartered scientist and psychologist, a consultant forensic psychologist, and a fellow of the Royal Statistical Society. Her expertise is centred on investigative interviewing in distinct but overlapping domains: (i) detecting truth and lies and (ii) eyewitness memory. Coral has worked extensively across jurisdictions with national and international governments and NGOs including UK police and security, International Criminal Court, FBI, and European agencies. Her research has attracted funding from numerous organisations including the UK Home Office, US Govt., and the European Union.
Emily Alison
Emily Alison, MSC, has worked as a behavioural consultant psychologist for the last 20 years, providing treatment in both the criminal justice sector and the community. She specialises in the assessment and treatment of violence and has worked with 850+ domestic violence perpetrators and designed therapeutic interventions for Domestic Abuse, Child to Parent Violence, Healthy Relationships for Children and Young People, Sexually Harmful Behaviour and Sexual Risk Taking in Adolescents. For the last 10 years, she has been involved in the development of the Preventing Violent Extremism Tool for profiling potential extremism and the ORBIT framework for Advanced High Value Detainee Interviewing.
Prof Eric Shepherd
A former intelligence officer specialising in interrogation, resistance to interrogation, information analysis, and foreign language duties, Eric Shepherd is a chartered scientist, forensic psychologist, counselling psychologist and psychotherapist. He has held clinical and academic appointments, while working throughout UK and internationally with the police, the legal profession, government departments, and the private sector, and giving evidence in lower and appeal courts, and to the ICC and ICJ. A member of the UK Home Office Working Party on Investigative Interviewing, he gave evidence on police interviewing practice to the Royal Commission on Criminal Justice. He focuses now on alleged miscarriages of justice.
Dr. Frances Surmon-Böhr
Dr Frances Surmon-Böhr, PhD, is a research associate at the University of Liverpool and a consultant psychologist at Protagoras Forensic Services Ltd. Her PhD, supervised by Prof Laurence Alison, examined rapport-based interviewing approaches with high value suspects. She has worked on numerous research projects funded by UK Ministry of Defence and the US High Value Detainee Interrogation Group where she was involved in the design, development, analysis and write-up of research projects relating the application of ORBIT in various interviewing/ interrogation contexts.
Dr Gary Dalton
Dr Gary Dalton was graduated from the University of Stirling in 2009 with a BSc (Hons) in Psychology. As part of his degree, he spent one year studying at the University of Sydney in a study abroad program. His PhD entitled: Who done it? An examination of person information during the investigation process, which he attained in 2022, concerned a frontline examination of how witnesses and victims of crime actually first describe a suspect. Gary has held a number of Research Associate positions in areas including (i) the developing of National Guidelines for the construction of reliable identification parades, (ii) improving front-line communication, and (iii) examining detecting deceit strategies. He is the Deputy Director of the Collaboration of Forensic Interviewing, at the University of Portsmouth and is the Associate Head for Global Engagement.
Prof Ivar Fahsing
Prof Ivar A. Fahsing, PhD, is a Detective Chief Superintendent and Associate Professor at the Norwegian Police University College. He is also a visiting professor at the Norwegian Centre of Human Rights, Faculty of Law, the University of Oslo. He was on the Advisory Council for the Principles on Effective Interviewing (The Mendez principles). He also edited the newly validated UN manual on investigative interviewing. Dr. Fahsing has published widely in investigative management and decision-making, investigative interviewing, detective expertise, knowledge management and organised crime. He is used as an expert witness in Norwegian courts. He has been involved in transformation work and training in Scandinavia, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia and South America for many years. He has 15 years of experience as a senior detective in the Oslo Police Department and at the National Criminal Investigation Service of Norway. He is also a Vice-President of the Law division of the Global Listening Centre.
Jeffery Chin
Jeffery is a staff psychologist with the Ministry of Home Affairs, Singapore. He is currently pursuing his doctoral degree with the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom.
Joshua Ratcliff
Joshua Ratcliff was an MSc student on the Investigative and Forensic Psychology course, University of Liverpool. He did a brief period of research on ORBIT and assisted in the preliminary development of ORBIT-LITE (a simplified version of the ORBIT coding framework).
Dr Kate Chenier
Dr Kate Chenier has worked as operational support for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police in Nunavut and British Columbia since 2006. She is currently the court liaison officer in a northern British Columbia detachment. She has done research on inter-cultural issues in police investigation practices. Her Masters and Doctoral work at the University of Portsmouth included studies on historical child sexual assault investigations and interviewing Indigenous victims and witnesses that have been published in the Journal of Child Abuse and Neglect, the Journal...
