Optical Fiber Telecommunications

List of ContributorsForewordPrefaceChapter 1 Evolution of Optical Communications 1.1 Sources and Detectors 1.2 Evolution of the Transmission Medium-Fiber Lightguides 1.3 Optical Fiber Communications Systems 1.4 Other Aspects of the Innovation of Optical Communications Systems ReferencesChapter 2 Objectives of Early Fibers: Evolution of Fiber Types 2.1 Purpose of the Chapter and Relation to the Rest of the Book 2.2 Guidance in Optical Fibers 2.3 Loss Mechanisms 2.4 Dispersion in Fibers 2.5 Fiber Types and Their Evolution ReferencesChapter 3 Guiding Properties of Fibers 3.1 Mode Concept 3.2 Step-Index Fibers 3.3 Graded-Index Fibers 3.4 Cladding Effects and Leaky Waves 3.5 Losses Caused by Constant Fiber Curvature 3.6 Cross Talk between Fibers 3.7 Excitation of Fibers 3.8 Near and Far Field at the Fiber End 3.9 Loss in Splices 3.10 Coupled Mode Theory 3.11 Mode Mixing Effects 3.12 Radiation Loss Caused by Random Bends ReferencesChapter 4 Dispersion Properties of Fibers 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Pulse Distortion in Single-Mode Fibers 4.3 Individual Modes in a Multimode Fiber 4.4 Pulse Distortion in Ideal Multimode Fibers 4.5 Influence of Excitation, Loss, and Mode Coupling 4.6 Frequency Domain Characterization of Fibers ReferencesChapter 5 Nonlinear Properties of Optical Fibers 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) 5.3 Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) 5.4 Intensity-Dependent Refractive Index 5.5 Phase Matched Parametric Interactions 5.6 Damage 5.7 Future Directions 5.8 Conclusion Appendix: Critical Powers (PC) For Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS), Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS), and Self-Phase Modulation (SPM) ReferencesChapter 6 Fiber Design Considerations 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Fiber Diameter 6.3 Cladding Thickness 6.4 Composition Scattering and Index Difference 6.5 Injection Loss in LED Systems 6.6 Microbending Loss 6.7 Low-Bit-Rate Systems 6.8 High-Bit-Rate Systems 6.9 Wavelength of Operation 6.10 Tolerances on Fiber Parameters ReferencesChapter 7 Materials, Properties, and Choices 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Materials AspectsâEURBasic Considerations 7.3 Materials AspectsâEURCharacterization ReferencesChapter 8 Fiber Preform Preparation 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Preparation of Multicomponent Glasses and Fibers 8.3 High Silica Bulk Glasses 8.4 High-Silica Fibers Produced by Vapor Deposition Methods ReferencesChapter 9 Fiber Drawing and Control 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Glass Feed 9.3 Heat Sources 9.4 Drawing Mechanisms 9.5 Diameter Uniformity 9.6 Coating and Jacketing 9.7 Combined Apparatus ReferencesChapter 10 Coatings and Jackets 10.1 The Roles of Coatings 10.2 Requirements on Coatings 10.3 Surface Treatment of Silica 10.4 Techniques of Coating Application 10.5 Polymer-Clad Fibers ReferencesChapter 11 Fiber Characterization 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Transmission Loss 11.3 Refractive-Index Distribution 11.4 Dispersion and Bandwidth ReferencesChapter 12 Fiber Characterization-Mechanical 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Elastic Properties 12.3 Fracture Strength 12.4 Time-Dependent Fracture 12.5 Engineering Design ReferencesChapter 13 Optical Cable Design 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Design Objectives 13.3 Physical Protection 13.4 Unit Design 13.5 Cable Structures and Performance ReferencesChapter 14 Fiber Splicing 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Fiber End Preparation 14.3 Single-Fiber Splices 14.4 Array Splices 14.5 Splice Loss Parameters 14.6 Measurement of Splicing Effects ReferencesChapter 15 Optical Fiber Connectors 15.1 Introduction 15.2 The Role of Connectors 15.3 Optical Measurement Problems 15.