The Constitution of Visual Consciousness
Lessons from Binocular Rivalry
1st Edition
Published on 28. August 2013
IX, 339 pages
978-90-272-7182-2 (ISBN)
Description
This volume examines the neuroscience of visual consciousness, drawing on the phenomenon of binocular rivalry. It provides overviews of brain structure and function, the visual system, and neuroscientific methodologies, and then focuses on binocular rivalry from multiple perspectives: historical, psychophysical, electrophysiological, brain-imaging, brain stimulation, clinical and computational, with a glimpse also into the future of research in this exciting field. This is the first collected volume on binocular rivalry in nearly a decade and will be of special interest to researchers, scholars and students in the vision sciences, and more broadly in the psychological and clinical sciences. In addition, it lays foundations for a forthcoming interdisciplinary volume in this series on the constitution of phenomenal consciousness, making it essential reading for anyone interested in the science and philosophy of consciousness.
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Content
- The Constitution of Visual Consciousness
- Editorial page
- Title page
- LCC data
- Table of contents
- Acknowledgments
- Visual consciousness and binocular rivalry: An introduction
- Constituents, organization and processes of the human brain
- Introduction
- Phylogeny
- Ontogeny
- Cellular constituents
- Organization of neural circuitry
- Structural and functional organization
- Cerebral cortex
- Molecular constituents
- Conclusions
- References
- Overview of visual system structure and function
- 1. Introduction
- 2. From retina to cortex
- 2.1 Parallel processing in the retina
- 2.2 Transforming the retinal signal
- 3. Parallel and multiplexed processing within early visual cortex
- 3.1 Functional clustering in V1
- 3.2 Receptive field properties in V1
- 3.3 Anatomy of pathways through V1 and V2
- 4. Beyond striate cortex
- 4.1 Two streams of cortical visual processing
- 4.2 The dorsal stream
- 4.3 The ventral stream
- 4.4 Cortical confluences
- 4.5 Response timing
- 5. Active vision
- 5.1 Why move the eyes?
- 5.2 Selection and control of saccades
- 5.3 Implications of saccadic eye movements for studies of perception
- 5.4 Attention and expectations
- 6. Conclusions
- References
- Early views on binocular rivalry
- Introduction
- Binocular vision in antiquity
- Binocular color rivalry: From color mixture to perceptual grouping
- Binocular contour rivalry: Conflicting views and philosophical traditions
- Alternations in attention and consciousness
- Summary and conclusions
- References
- Psychophysics of binocular rivalry
- What is psychophysics?
- Psychophysics of binocular rivalry
- Two classes of binocular rivalry psychophysics
- Class I. Phenomenology of binocular rivalry
- Class II. Binocular rivalry as a tool for probing unconscious processing
- Parallels with other ambiguous stimuli
- Concluding remarks: What have we learnt about consciousness?
- References
- Investigating the structure and function of the brain: A methodological overview
- Introduction
- Measuring the electrophysiology of the brain
- EEG: From brain to scalp
- Magnetoencephalography
- Source localization
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation
- Magnetic resonance imaging
- Structural imaging
- Functional imaging
- Future focus points
- References
- The neuron doctrine of binocular rivalry
- Introduction to single-cell recording
- Relating single-cell responses to perception
- Single-cell investigations of binocular rivalry
- Effects of binocular rivalry on neuronal firing patterns
- Correlation with percept vs. correlation with switch mechanism
- Conclusions
- References
- Functional neuroimaging of binocular rivalry
- Introduction
- fMRI as a tool to study binocular rivalry
- Neural processing of perceptually suppressed information during binocular rivalry
- The constructive nature of visual perception: Neural mechanisms underlying perceptual changes
- Conclusions
- References
- Binocular rivalry, brain stimulation and bipolar disorder
- Rivalry mechanisms: A tale of two levels
- The interhemispheric switch (IHS) model of rivalry
- CVS technique overview
- Review of brain stimulation studies of rivalry
- CVS and predominance modulation
- Single-pulse TMS and perceptual disruption
- Repetitive TMS and rate modulation
- Status of the IHS model
- Clinical, genetic and molecular aspects of rivalry
- Concluding remarks
- References
- High-level modulations of binocular rivalry
- Introduction
- Effects of stimulus configuration
- Effects of visual context
- Spatial context
- Temporal context
- Effects of observer state
- Volition and attention
- Pharmacology and genetics
- Conclusions
- References
- Binocular rivalry: Cooperation, competition, and decisions
- Neural modeling, binocular rivalry and consciousness
- Models of binocular rivalry
- Extending the basic rivalry model
- Generalized rivalry and deliberative processes
- Generalized rivalry and conscious decisions
- Discussion
- References
- The future of binocular rivalry research: Reaching through a window on consciousness
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1 A window on consciousness
- 1.2 A brief history of binocular rivalry research
- 2. The future of binocular rivalry research
- 2.1 A challenge on three fronts
- 2.2 Observing streams of consciousness
- 2.3 Mechanisms of binocular rivalry: How the window works
- 2.4 Reaching through a window on consciousness
- 3. Concluding remarks
- References
- Index
