
America's First Freedom Rider
Description
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None of this was on Elizabeth Jennings's mind as she climbed the platform onto the Chatham Street horsecar. But her destination and that of the country took a sudden turn when the conductor told her to wait for the next car because it had "her people" in it. When she refused to step off the bus, she was assaulted by the conductor who was aided by a NY police officer. On February 22, 1855, Elizabeth Jennings v. Third Avenue Rail Road case was settled. Seeking $500 in damages, the jury stunned the courtroom with a $250 verdict in Lizzie's favor. Future US president Chester A. Arthur was Jennings attorney and their lives would be forever onward intertwined.
This is the story of what happened that day. It's also the story of Jennings and Arthur's families, the struggle for equality, and race relations. It's the history of America at its most despicable and most exhilarating. Yet few historians know of Elizabeth Jennings or the impact she had on desegregating public transit.
Reviews / Votes
"Jerry Mikorenda brings to light the little-known story of civil rights champion Elizabeth Jennings, who broke racial barriers by integrating New York's transit system a century before Rosa Parks. This is an important addition to the city's complex history and one that should not be missed." -- Lisa Keller, Professor of History, Purchase College SUNY & Executive Editor of the Encyclopedia of New York City (2nd Ed.) "Here's a story every American should know. Cleanly and smartly, Jerry Mikorenda brings burgeoning 19th-century New York alive, laying bare the connections between his heroine's courageous stand and the long struggle for civil rights. America's First Freedom Rider is an impressive and inspiring weaving of our history and a timely reminder that one person can change the world." -- Stewart O'Nan, author of The Circus Fire and Everyday PeopleMore details
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Person
A member of SCBWI and BIO (Biographers International Organization), his history profiles are included in the 2010 Encyclopedia of New York City and on the Gotham Center's History Blog. In 2015, the popular American Heroes Channel (AHC) program, What History Forgot interviewed the author for a segment about Elizabeth Jennings. He lives in Northport, NY.
Content
- Intro
- Contents
- Preface: Unheralded Labors
- Chapter IGood Old New York Stock
- Chapter IIThe Wizard of Whipple City
- Chapter IIISlavery in the Empire City
- Chapter IVBold Men of Color
- Chapter VSisters in Struggle
- Chapter VIZack Comes to Town
- Chapter VIICity of Omnibuses
- Chapter VIIILate for Church
- Chapter IXThe Trial
- Chapter XThe Legal Rights Association
- Chapter XIThe Great School Wars
- Chapter XIIThe Civil War Comes to New York
- Chapter XIIINell's Window
- Chapter XIVTo Exercise Their Senses
- Chapter XVShadows of Tall Buildings
- Afterlife
- Acknowledgments
- Notes
- Bibliography and Sources
- Index
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