
English and American Studies
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Content
- Cover
- Title
- Copyright
- Table of Contents
- Preface of the Editors
- Introduction
- Part I: Literary Studies
- 1 Introducing Literary Studies
- 2 British Literary History
- 2.1 The Middle Ages
- 2.1.1 Terminology
- 2.1.2 Anglo-Saxon Literature
- 2.1.3 Middle English Court Cultures
- 2.1.4 Romances and Malory
- 2.1.5 Late Medieval Religious Literature
- 2.1.6 Oppositions and Subversions
- 2.2 The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
- 2.2.1 Overview
- 2.2.2 Transformations of Antiquity
- 2.2.3 New Science and New Philosophy
- 2.2.4 Religious Literature: A Long Reformation
- 2.2.5 The Literary Culture of the Court and Popular Literature
- 2.2.6 European Englishness? Cultural Exchange versus Nation-Building
- 2.3 The Eighteenth Century
- 2.3.1 Terminology and Overview
- 2.3.2 The Enlightenment and the Public Sphere
- 2.3.3 Pope and Neoclassicism
- 2.3.4 The Public Sphere, Private Lives: The Novel 1719-1742
- 2.3.5 Scepticism, Sentimentalism, Sociability: The Novel After 1748
- 2.3.6 Literature of the Sublime: The Cult of Medievalism, Solitude and Excess
- 2.4 Romanticism
- 2.4.1 Romanticism as a Cultural Idiom
- 2.4.2 Theorising Romanticism
- 2.4.3 Modes of Romantic Poetry
- 2.4.4 Other Genres
- 2.4.5 Historicising Romanticism
- 2.5 The Victorian Age
- 2.5.1 Overview
- 2.5.2 The Spirit of the Age: Doubts, Unresolved Tensions, and the Triumph of Time
- 2.5.3 The Novel
- 2.5.4 Poetry
- 2.5.5 Drama
- 2.6 Modernism
- 2.6.1 Terminology
- 2.6.2 Scope and Periodization
- 2.6.3 Modernist Aesthetics
- 2.6.4 Central Concerns of Modernist Literature
- 2.7 Postmodernism
- 2.7.1 Terminology
- 2.7.2 Period, Genre, or Mode?
- 2.7.3 Conceptual Focus: Representation and Reality
- 2.7.4 Genre and Postmodern Literary History
- 2.7.5 Postmodern Developments in Britain and Ireland
- 2.7.6 After Postmodernism?
- 3 American Literary History
- 3.1 Early American Literature
- 3.1.1 Overview
- 3.1.2 Labor and Faith: English Writing, English Settlement (1584-1730)
- 3.1.3 A Revolutionary Literature (1730-1830)
- 3.1.4 Fictional Writing in the Early Republic
- 3.1.5 Voices From the Margins
- 3.2 American Renaissance
- 3.2.1 Terminology
- 3.2.2 Wider Historical Context
- 3.2.3 The Formation of an American Cultural Identity
- 3.2.4 Literary Marketplace
- 3.2.5 The Role of Women Writers
- 3.2.6 Industrialization, Technology, Science
- 3.2.7 Materialism vs. Idealism
- 3.2.8 Art and Society
- 3.3 Realism and Naturalism
- 3.3.1 Terminology
- 3.3.2 The Poetics of American Realism
- 3.3.3 William Dean Howells and the Historical Context of the Gilded Age
- 3.3.4 American Naturalism
- 3.4 Modernism
- 3.4.1 Terminology
- 3.4.2 The Two Discourses of Modernism
- 3.4.3 Early Modernism: Stein, Pound, Eliot
- 3.4.4 Home-Made Modernism
- 3.4.5 African American Modernism
- 3.4.6 Modernism and the Urban Sphere
- 3.4.7 Modernist Fiction
- 3.4.8 Late Modernism
- 3.5 Postmodern and Contemporary Literature
- 3.5.1 Overview
- 3.5.2 American Drama From Modernism to the Present
- 3.5.3 Transitions to Postmodernism in Poetry and Prose
- 3.5.4 American Poetry in the Later Twentieth and Early Twenty-First Centuries
- 3.5.5 Postmodern and Contemporary Fiction
- 4 The New Literatures in English
- 4.1 The History of the New Literatures in English
- 4.2 Global Englishes: Colonial Legacies, Multiculturalism, and New Diversity
- 4.3 The Concept of Diaspora
- 4.4 Globalization
- 4.5 Anglophone Literatures
- 4.5.1 Trinidad/Tobago
- 4.5.2 India
- 4.5.3 Canada
- 4.5.4 Nigeria
- 4.6 Conclusion
- Part II: Literary and Cultural Theory
- 1 Formalism and Structuralism
- 1.1 Origins
- 1.2 Russian Formalism
- 1.3 New Criticism
- 1.4 French Structuralism
- 2 Hermeneutics and Critical Theory
- 2.1 The Philosophy of Universal Interpretation: Hermeneutics
- 2.2 The Frankfurt School and Critical Theory
- 2.3 Postmodern Marxism
- 3 Reception Theory
- 3.1 Reader-Response Criticism in the United States
- 3.2 The Constance School
- 3.3 Applying Reception Theory
- 4 Poststructuralism/Deconstruction
- 4.1 Derrida: Deconstruction
- 4.2 Foucault: Discourse, Knowledge, Power
- 4.3 Other Poststructuralist Thinkers
- 5 New Historicism and Discourse Analysis
- 5.1 General Aspects
- 5.2 Emergence and Characteristics
- 5.3 Critical Practice and Key Concepts
- 5.4 New Historicism and Contemporary Criticism
- 6 Gender Studies, Transgender Studies, Queer Studies
- 6.1 Changing Concepts of Gender
- 6.2 Transgender Studies and Queer Theory
- 6.3 Gender and Sexuality in English and American Studies
- 7 Psychoanalysis
- 7.1 Freud's Psychoanalysis
- 7.2 The Model of the Dream
- 7.3 Poststructuralist Psychoanalysis
- 7.4 Poststructuralist Psychoanalytic Literary Theory
- 7.5 Psychoanalysis and Gender Studies
- 7.6 Critical Race Studies, Postcolonial Studies
- 8 Pragmatism and Semiotics
- 8.1 Classical Pragmatism
- 8.2 The Pragmatic Maxim
- 8.3 A Key Tenet of Pragmatist Thinking: Anti-Cartesianism
- 8.4 Reality-A Somewhat Precarious Affair
- 8.5 A Very Brief History of Semiotics
- 8.6 The Linguistic Turn
- 9 Narratology
- 9.1 Definition
- 9.2 Narrativity
- 9.3 Major Categories of Narratology
- 10 Systems Theory
- 10.1 Consciousness and Communication
- 10.2 Medium vs. Form
- 10.3 Systems Theory and Reading/Analysing Texts
- 11 Cultural Memory
- 11.1 Definition
- 11.2 The Representation of Memory in Literature and Film: 'Traumatic Pasts'
- 11.3 The 'Afterlife' of Literature
- 11.4 Transnational and Transcultural Memory
- 12 Literary Ethics
- 12.1 Early Conceptualizations of the Connection Between Literature and Ethics
- 12.2 Twentieth-Century Literary Ethics Before 1970
- 12.3 Hard Times for Literary Ethics
- 12.4 The Ethical Turn of the 1990s and After
- 13 Cognitive Poetics
- 13.1 Definition
- 13.2 Beginnings
- 13.3 Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Blending Theory
- 13.4 Cognitive Poetics and Jazz Literature
- 13.5 Other Approaches
- 13.6 The Impact of Cognitive Poetics
- 14 Ecocriticism and Cultural Ecology
- 14.1 Emergence and Definitions of Ecocriticism
- 14.2 Directions of Ecocriticism
- 14.3 Critical Theory and Ecocriticism
- 14.4 From Natural Ecology to Cultural Ecology
- 14.5 Literature as Cultural Ecology
- Part III: Cultural Studies
- 1 Transnational Approaches to the Study of Culture
- 1.1 Cultural and National Specificity of Approaches
- 1.2 The Study of Culture in an International Context
- 1.3 Trans/national Concepts of Culture
- 1.4 Cultural Turns in the Humanities
- 1.5 Travelling Concepts and Translation
- 1.6 From Cultural Studies to the Transnational Study of Culture
- 2 British Cultural Studies
- 2.1 The Rise and Fall of Cultural Studies
- 2.2 A Cultural History of Cultural Studies
- 2.3 Cultural Studies in Germany as Discipline and/or as Perspective
- 2.4 Cultural Studies, Kulturwissenschaft, and Medienwissenschaft
- 2.5 Theory and Methodology of Cultural (Media) Studies
- 2.6 Future Cultural (Media) Studies
- 3 American Cultural Studies
- 3.1 Beginnings
- 3.2 Myth and Symbol School
- 3.3 Popular Culture Studies
- 3.4 Ideological Criticism, New Historicism, New Americanists
- 3.5 Race and Gender Studies
- 3.6 Border Crossings, Multiple Identities, and Transnationalisms
- 4 Postcolonial Studies
- 4.1 Postcolonial Theory: A Contested Field
- 4.2 Colonial Discourse Analysis
- 4.3 Cultural Nationalism
- 4.4 Writing Back
- 4.5 Hybridity
- 4.6 Future Perspectives: Postcolonial Studies in the United States and Europe
- 5 Film and Media Studies
- 5.1 Introduction: Media Culture in the Electronic Age
- 5.2 Media Studies: Medium-Mediality-Materiality
- 5.3 Intermediality and Remediation
- 5.4 Literature and the (Audio-)Visual Media: Photography-Film-TV
- Part IV: Analyzing Literature and Culture
- 1 Analyzing Poetry
- 1.1 Traditional Poetry
- 1.2 Experimental Poetry
- 2 Analyzing Prose Fiction
- 2.1 The Narrator
- 2.2 Symbol, Allegory, Image
- 2.3 Historical Subtexts
- 2.4 Other Approaches
- 3 Analyzing Drama
- 3.1 Genre and Dramaturgy
- 3.2 A New Historicist Reading
- 3.3 A Feminist Reading
- 3.4 A Psychoanalytic Reading
- 3.5 Metatheatricality
- 4 Analyzing Film
- 4.1 Film Narratology: Screening Subjectivity
- 4.2 The Example of Memento: Screening Memory and Oblivion
- 4.3 Filmic Adaptations of Literary Texts
- 5 Analyzing Culture
- 5.1 Football, Nationality, and Multiculturalism
- 5.2 Football, War, and Colonialism
- 5.3 Football, Gender, and Sexuality
- Part V: Linguistics
- 1 Introducing Linguistics
- 2 Linguistic Theories, Approaches, and Methods
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 The Turn Towards Modern Linguistics
- 2.2.1 The Pre-Structuralist Tradition in the Nineteenth Century
- 2.2.2 Saussure and His Impact
- 2.3 American Structuralism
- 2.3.1 Bloomfield on Phonemes
- 2.3.2 Fries on Word Classes
- 2.3.3 Gleason on Immediate Constituents
- 2.4 Generative Grammar and Case Grammar
- 2.4.1 Chomsky's Generative Grammar
- 2.4.2 Case Grammar: Fillmore's 'Semanticization' of Generative Grammar
- 2.5 Cognitive Approaches
- 2.5.1 Prototype Theory
- 2.5.2 Conceptual Metaphor Theory
- 2.5.3 Construction Grammar
- 2.6 Psycholinguistic Approaches
- 2.7 Corpus-Based Approaches
- 2.8 Summary and Outlook
- 3 History and Change
- 3.1 Language Change: Forces and Principles
- 3.2 From Manuscript to Corpus Studies: Sources and Tools
- 3.3 Language History and Linguistic Periodisation
- 3.4 Major Changes on Different Linguistic Levels
- 3.4.1 Historical Phonology and Orthography
- 3.4.2 Changes in Grammar: Inflection and Word Order
- 3.4.3 Changes in the Lexicon: Borrowing, Lexical Restructuring and Semantic Change
- 3.5 Variation and Standardisation
- 4 Forms and Structures
- 4.1 The Sound Pattern of English
- 4.2 Word Formation
- 4.3 Grammar
- 4.3.1 Typological Classification of Languages
- 4.3.2 The Formal Description of English Grammar
- 4.4 The Lexicon
- 4.5 Outlook: English among the European Languages
- 5 Text and Context
- 5.1 Pragmatics
- 5.1.1 Approaching Pragmatics
- 5.1.2 Historical Overview
- 5.1.3 Pragmatics Outside and Within Linguistics
- 5.1.4 Deixis
- 5.1.5 Language Functions
- 5.1.6 Speech Acts
- 5.1.7 Implied and Implicated Meanings
- 5.1.8 Common Ground and Context
- 5.2 Text Analysis
- 5.2.1 The Origins of Text (and Discourse) Analysis
- 5.2.2 Giving Structure to Text: Participation Frameworks and Text Organization
- 5.2.3 Giving Meaning to Text: Cohesion and Coherence
- 5.3 Outlook
- 6 Standard and Varieties
- 6.1 Introduction: Notions and Ideologies
- 6.2 Varieties of English: A Survey
- 6.2.1 Varieties and Variety Types: Some Illustrative Examples
- 6.2.2 Parameters of Variation
- 6.2.3 Contact-Derived Variability
- 6.3 Standards of English
- 6.3.1 Standard British English and RP
- 6.3.2 Standard American English
- 6.3.3 Differences Between National Standard Varieties
- 6.3.4 The Pluricentricity of English: New Standard Varieties
- 6.4 Regional Variation and Varieties
- 6.4.1 Dialect Geography: Approaches and Assessments
- 6.4.2 Dialectology in Great Britain
- 6.4.3 Dialectology in North America
- 6.4.4 British and American Dialects: Regional Divisions
- 6.5 Social Variation and Varieties
- 6.6 World Englishes: New Institutionalized Varieties
- 6.7 Outlook
- Part VI: Didactics: The Teaching of English
- 1 The Theory and Politics of English Language Teaching
- 1.1 The Politics of Global English
- 1.2 The Politics of EFL in Germany
- 1.3 Englische Fachdidaktik as a Bridge or Link Discipline
- 2 Language Learning
- 2.1 The Limits of Institutionalized Language Teaching/Learning
- 2.2 Defining and Describing Competences
- 2.3 Categorizing Competences
- 2.4 Theories and Methods of Language Teaching
- 2.5 Good Language Teachers and Good Language Learners
- 2.6 Learning in the Classroom and Learning Beyond the Classroom
- 3 Teaching Literature
- 3.1 Definition, Field of Tasks, and History of the Discipline
- 3.2 The Acquisition of Competences
- 3.3 Criteria for Text Selection
- 3.4 Methods of Teaching Literature
- Part VII: Study Aids
- 1 Methods and Techniques of Research and Academic Writing
- 1.1 Preparing a Term Paper: Topic and Planning
- 1.2 Research
- 1.3 Writing a Term Paper: Structure and Rhetorical Strategies
- 1.4 Formatting a Term Paper: Stylistic Guidelines
- 1.5 Conclusion
- 2 Study Aids
- 2.1 Literature
- 2.2 Culture
- 2.3 Language
- 2.4 Teaching
- List of Contributors
- Index
- Illustration Credits
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