Fluid and Particle Mechanics

Preface1 General Principles 1.1 Historical Outline 1.2 Kinematics 1.3 Units and Dimensions 1.4 Force, Mass and Weight 1.5 Density 1.6 Pressure and Pressure Head 1.7 Classification of Fluids 1.8 Viscosity 1.9 The Reynolds Number 1.10 Momentum 1.11 Kinetic Energy and Velocity Head 1.12 The Equation of Continuity 1.13 Bernoulli s Theorem 1.14 The Flow Equation 1.15 Hydraulic Gradient 1.16 The Coefficient of Discharge 1.17 The Concept of the Boundary Layer and its Significant 1.18 Dimensional Analysis2 Flow Measurement in Pipes 2.1 Classification of Flowmeters 2.2 Manometers 2.3 Inverted U-tube 2.4 The Draught-gauge 2.5 Venturi Meter 2.6 Orifice and Nozzle Meters 2.7 The Pitot Tube 2.8 Area Meters 2.9 Thermal and Dilution Meters3 Flow in Pipes 3.1 Basic Resistance Equation 3.2 The Darcy Equation 3.3 The Poiseuille Equation 3.4 Pipe Roughness. Moody Friction Diagram 3.5 Flow through Gradually Changing Sections 3.6 Flow through Suddenly Changing Sections 3.7 Loss of Head in Pipe Fittings 3.8 Siphoning 3.9 Parallel Flow in Pipes 3.10 Branched Pipes 3.11 Average and Point Velocities in Pipes 3.12 Economical Pipe Diameter 4 Open Channels 4.1 The Chezy Equation 4.2 Circular Channels 4.3 The Chezy Coefficient 4.4 Optimization in Open Channels 4.5 Optimum Proportions of Rectangular Channels 4.6 Optimum Proportions of Trapezoidal Channels 4.7 Maximum Discharge through a Circular Section 4.8 Weirs and Notches 4.9 Rectangular Weirs and Notches 4.10 V-notch 4.11 Flow at Variable Depth 4.12 Specific Head 4.13 Energy Loss in Hydraulic Jump 4.14 Broad-crested Weirs 5 Variable Flow 5.7 Flow through Perforated Pipes 5.2 Variable Flow through Orifices and Weirs 5.3 Variable Flow through a Submerged Orifice 5.4 Emptying Tanks through Pipes 5.5 Discharge with Inflow 6 Centrifugal Pumps 6.1 Conversion of Velocity Head into Pressure Head 6.2 Velocity Diagrams 6.3 Theoretical Work and Head 6.4 The Manometric Head 6.5 The Capacity of Centrifugal Pumps 6.6 Pressure Rise through Impeller 6.7 Multi-stage Pumps 6.8 Fans 6.9 Geometrical and Dynamical Similarity of Centrifugal Pumps 6.10 Specific Speed 7 Compressible Flow 7.1 Mach Number 7.2 Sonic Velocity 7.3 Pressure Drop in Long Pipes 7.4 Pressure Drop in Short Pipes 7.5 Variable-area Flow 7.6 Subsonic Flow in Nozzles 7.7 Critical Pressure Ratio 7.8 Sonic Flow in Nozzles 7.9 Variable Flow 7.10 Pneumatic Conveying 8 Flow through Equipment 8.1 Pressure Drop outside Tubes 8.2 The Chimney Effect 8.3 Pressure Drop through Beds of Solid Particles 8.4 Kozenfs Hydraulic Model 8.5 The Carman-Kozeny Equation 8.6 Specific Surface of Packed Beds 8.7 Filtration 8.8 The Theory of Filtration 8.9 Washing in a Centrifuge 8.10 Optimization in Filtration 8.11 Packed Columns 8.12 Pressure Drop in Packed Columns 8.13 Economic Gas Velocity in Absorption Columns 9 Particle Dynamics 9.1 The Stokes Equation 9.2 The Drag Factor 9.3 The ¿Re2 Diagram 9.4 Hindered Settling 9.5 Classification of Particles 9.6 Continuous Sedimentation 9.7 Centrifugal Clarification 9.8 Separation in Cyclones 9.9 Fluidization 9.10 Accelerated Motion in Free Settling The ¿Re2 Diagram Notation References The SI Units Index