
Child Health and Human Development Yearbook 2016
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Content
- Intro
- Contents
- Introduction
- Chapter 1
- Prevention of prenatal maternal stress
- Introduction
- Population based studies
- Stress prevention
- References
- Section one: Neonatology
- Chapter 2
- Development: The human nervous system
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Embryogenic period (conception through 8 weeks gestation)
- Primary neurulation
- Secondary neurulation/formation of the caudal tube
- Clinical implications of neurulation
- Early fetal period (8 weeks to 20 weeks of gestation)
- Induction
- Segmentation
- Cell migration and differentiation
- Spinal cord architecture
- Cerebral architecture
- Ventricular and CSF system
- CNS blood supply development
- CNS growth in the third trimester
- Post-natal development
- Lifestyle and brain development - breakfast habits
- Lifestyle and brain development - sleep habits
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 3
- Neonatal neurology
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Neurologic examination of the newborn
- Neurology of the sick newborn
- Birth injuries
- Scalp injuries
- Cephalohematomas
- Subgaleal hematoma (SGH)
- Brachial plexus injuries
- Facial nerve palsy
- The floppy newborn
- Neonatal hypertonia
- Neural tube defects
- Anencephaly
- Cranioraschisis
- Encephalocele
- Myelomeningocele
- Spinal dysraphism
- Neonatal encephalopathy - hypoxic
- ischemic encephalopathy
- Treatment
- Magnesium sulphate
- Prognosis and outcome
- Congenital CMV infection
- Diagnosis
- Clinical manifestations
- Brain structural abnormalities
- Auditory abnormalities
- Treatment
- Neonatal seizures
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Abnormal head growth
- Neonatal macrocephaly
- Newborn screening for inborn errors of metabolism
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 4
- Cardiology and the newborn
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Embryology overview
- Fetal and transitional circulation
- Fetal circulation
- Transitional circulation
- Newborn cardiac evaluation
- Vital signs
- Physical examination
- Newborn cardiac testing
- Pulse oximetry screening
- Electrocardiogram
- Chest radiography
- Echocardiography
- Magnetic resonance imaging
- Cyanotic heart defects and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
- D-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA)
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Tricuspid atresia
- Pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum
- Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
- Truncus arteriosus
- Ebstein's anomaly
- Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
- Acyanotic defects
- Ventricular septal defect
- Atrioventricular septal defects
- Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
- Left-sided obstructive lesions
- Interrupted aortic arch
- Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- Congestive heart failure and cardiogenic shock
- The dysmorphic newborn and associated congenital heart defects
- Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)
- 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DiGeorge syndrome)
- Turner syndrome
- Noonan syndrome
- Williams syndrome
- Marfan syndrome
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- CHARGE association
- VACTERL association
- Trisomy 13 (Patau's) syndrome
- Trisomy 18 (Edward's) syndrome
- Alagille syndrome
- Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)
- Maternal systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's syndrome
- Fetal alcohol syndrome
- Maternal diabetes mellitus
- Arrhythmias
- Ectopy
- Premature ventricular beats
- Bradyarrhythmias
- Atrioventricular block
- Tachyarrhythmias
- Ventricular tachycardia
- Genetic disorders
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Chapter 5
- Neonatal pulmonology
- Introduction
- Embryology
- Developmental stages
- Embryonic stage: 4-7 weeks
- Pseudoglandular stage: 8-16 weeks
- Canalicular stage: 16-25 weeks
- Saccular stage: 24-35 weeks
- Alveolar stage: from 36 Weeks
- The epithelial cells
- Surfactant
- Surfactant phospholipid metabolism (5)
- Congenital anomalies
- Tracheal atresia
- Tracheobronchomalacia
- The lung
- Pulmonary agenesis
- Cystic lung disease
- Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations (CCAMs)
- Bronchiogenic cyst
- Pulmonary sequestration
- Congenital lobar emphysema
- Hypoplastic lung
- Potter syndrome
- Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)
- Congenital eventration of the diaphragm
- Pleural effusion
- Hydrothorax
- Genetic diffuse lung disease
- Alveolar capillary dysplasia
- The onset of respiration-transition from intra to extra-uterine atmosphere
- Acquired pulmonary conditions
- Respiratory distress syndrome
- Surfactant therapy
- Ventilation strategies
- Prevention of RDS
- Air leak syndrome
- Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE)
- Pneumothorax
- Pneumomediastinum
- Pneumopericardium
- Pneumoperitoneum
- Subcutaneous emphysema
- Systemic air embolism
- Pulmonary hemorrhage
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Meconium aspiration
- Pneumonia
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis
- Apnea of prematurity
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 6
- Neonatal nephrology
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Renal development
- Physiology of the neonatal kidney
- Neonatal hydronephrosis
- Abdominal mass in the newborn
- Failure to thrive
- Urinary tract infection in the newborn
- Electrolyte imbalances in the newborn
- Screening renal ultrasound in other organ anomalies
- CHARGE association/syndrome
- Renal coloboma syndrome
- Townes-Brocks syndrome
- Branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome
- Aniridia and renal anomalies
- Beckwith -Wiedemann syndrome (BWS)
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 7
- Neonatal hematology
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Normal development of hematopoiesis
- Erythrocytes
- Platelets
- White blood cells
- Hemostatic disorders
- Coagulation disorders
- Hempophilia and other clotting factor deficiencies
- Vitamin K deficiency
- Neonatal thrombosis
- Laboratory diagnosis of neonatal hemostatic disorders
- Thrombocytopenia
- Causes and pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia
- Autoimmune thrombocytopenia
- Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT)
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- Congenital thrombocytopenia
- Inherited platelet function disorders
- Kasabach-Meritt syndrome
- Anemia
- Physiologic anemia of newborns
- Blood loss
- Decreased production
- Increased destruction
- Immune-mediated destruction
- Erythrocyte membrane defects
- Erythrocyte enzyme deficiencies
- Hemoglobinopathies
- Determining the etiology of anemia in newborns
- Prevention of anemia in newborns
- Treatment of anemia in newborns
- Neutrophil disorders
- Neutropenia
- Neutropenia associated with maternal hypertension
- Rh hemolytic disease
- Viral Infection
- Congenital neutropenia syndromes
- Severe congenital neutropenia
- Kostmann syndrome
- Reticular dysgenesis
- Shwachman-Diamond syndrome
- Cartilage-hair dysplasia
- Cyclic neutropenia
- Neutropenia due to Increased Destruction
- Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
- Alloimmune neonatal neutropenia
- Neonatal autoimmune neutropenia
- Drugs
- Evaluation of neonates with neutrophil abnormality
- Treatment of neutropenia
- Neutrophilia
- Management of neutrophilia
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 8
- Neonatology and gastrointestinal issues
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Intestinal Atresia
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Intestinal Malrotation
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Imperforate anus
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Gastroesophageal Reflux
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Constipation
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Food protein allergy
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Failure to thrive
- Table 1. Growth parameters in the newborn
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- References
- Chapter 9
- Neonatal endocrinology
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Pituitary gland
- Growth in the neonatal period
- Thyroid disorders
- Congenital hypothyroidism
- Hypothyroxinemia in preterm babies
- Neonatal goiter
- Neonatal Graves' disease
- Babies born to mothers with thyroid disease
- Adrenal gland
- Adrenal failure
- Reproductive system
- Mini-puberty of infancy
- Disorders of sexual differentiation (DSD)
- Common newborn endocrinologic conditions
- Determination of hormonal levels
- Chromosome analysis
- Radiologic investigations
- Chromosomal disorders
- Metabolic concerns
- Hypoglycemia
- Hyperglycemia
- Disorders of sodium metabolism
- Hypernatremia
- Disorders of calcium metabolism
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypercalcemia
- Conclusion
- References
- Section two: Birth rates, slum, leadership and Hong Kong
- Chapter 10
- The Greek economic crisis leads to declining birth rates
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- Acknowledgment
- Appendix 1. Mechanism to Support Greece
- References
- Chapter 11
- Health and nutritional status of women and children: An empirical study in the slums of Delhi, India
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Results
- Table 3. Complications during pregnancy (N = 400)
- Seasonality and nutritional status of women and children
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 12
- Qualitative evaluation of a credit-bearing leadership subject in Hong Kong
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Data analyses
- Results
- Discussion
- References
- Chapter 13
- Focus group evaluation of a subject on leadership and intrapersonal development in Hong Kong
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Instruments
- Results
- Discussion
- References
- Chapter 14
- A study of time trend in global infant mortality rates: Regression with autocorrelated data
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Statistical method
- Time-series regression models
- Results
- Fitted models with OLS method
- Fitted models with GLS method
- Comparison of time trends of the IMR from the selected countries
- Comparison of the results from two model-building methods
- Discussion
- Time trends of the IMR for different regions
- The difference in two model-building methods
- References
- Chapter 15
- Dimensionality of the Chinese Parent-Child Subsystem Quality Scale: Confirmatory factor analyses
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Assessment of parental behavioral control
- Assessment of parental psychological control
- Assessment of parental child relational quality
- Participants and procedures
- Data analytic strategy
- Results
- Discussion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 16
- Qualitative evaluation of a leadership and intrapersonal development subject for university students in Hong Kong
- Abstract
- Introduction
- A subject on leadership and intrapersonal development
- Methods
- Data analysis
- Results
- Discussion
- References
- Chapter 17
- Subjective outcome evaluation of a service leadership subject for university students in Hong Kong
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Instruments
- Data analyses plan
- Results
- Discussion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 18
- Child health status and inequalities in the Indian Sundarbans
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Results
- Institutional delivery and postnatal care
- Feeding practice
- Integrated Child Development Services and supplementary feeding
- Immunisation
- Malnutrition
- Discussion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 19
- "I may not know you but I know you'll make great parents": An analysis of egg donor profiles
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Literature review
- Motivations for donating eggs
- Personality characteristics of egg donors
- Methods
- Results
- Spiritual and altruistic motivation
- Financial motivation
- Comparison of motivation for mothers and non-mothers
- Personal characteristics, traits, and hobbies
- Discussion
- Limitations
- Implications
- References
- Section three: Technology, rehab and special needs
- Chapter 20
- Speech development and therapy using the Kinect
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Speech therapy through technology
- Requirements
- User engagement
- Suitability and ease of use in the home
- Affordability
- Customization
- Feedback
- Metrics
- Integration
- Overview of the speech development and therapy system
- System overview
- Interactive element
- Metric gathering
- Mobile device supervision
- Facially assisted recognition
- Deployment
- Testing
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 21
- The application of enhanced virtual environments for co-located childhood movement disorder rehabilitation
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Advantages of virtual reality
- Advantages of co-located VR-rehabilitation
- Potential for social learning
- Automatic quantification of social interaction
- Current application of co-located VR-rehabilitation in children and directions for future research
- Co-located VR-therapy in autism-spectrum populations
- Directions for future research
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 22
- User evaluation of a virtual rehabilitation system during reaching exercises: A pilot study
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Apparatus of the SVRS
- Participant recruitment
- Procedure
- Data analysis
- Results
- Perspectives on the first reaching exercises
- Perspectives on the second reaching exercises
- Overall reaching exercises
- Discussion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 23
- Cravings in a virtual reality room paired with chocolate predict eating disorder risk
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Apparatus
- Procedure
- Data analysis
- Results
- Discussion
- References
- Chapter 24
- Virtual reality system for the enhancement of mobility in patients with chronic back pain
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Visual-gain-based change of motor behavior
- Methods
- Instrumentation
- Virtual environment
- Procedure
- Recorded measures
- Data analysis
- Results
- Discussion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 25
- Virtual reality exposure for trauma and stress-related disorders for city violence crime victims
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Measures
- Design
- Sample
- Procedure
- Treatment
- PTSD treatment
- ASD treatment
- Results
- Virtual reality treatment effect: PTSD and ASD
- Table 1. Mean, standard deviations results obtained for PTSD symptoms
- Discussion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 26
- Response latencies to postural disturbances when using a virtual reality balance trainer or wobble board in persons with low back pain
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Subjects
- Equipment for postural responses assessment
- Protocol of the study
- Evaluation of postural responses and clinical tests
- Results
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 27
- Comparing a finger dexterity assessment in virtual, video-mediated, and unmediated reality
- Introduction
- System
- Finger tracking
- Virtual environment
- Methods
- Participants
- Measures
- Design
- Procedure
- Statistical analysis
- Results
- Task
- Environment
- Single question comparison
- Completion times
- Correlations between conditions
- Discussion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 28
- Effect of the Oculus Rift head mounted display on postural stability
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Balance and the sensory systems
- Studies in rehabilitation with VE through different HMDs
- Methods
- Balance board
- Graphics
- Programming
- Data analysis
- Feasibility test
- Full system test
- Evaluation study of balance-impaired adults
- Results
- Feasibility test
- Full system test
- Study of adults with impaired balance
- Discussion
- Limitations of the study
- Further development
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 29
- Kinecting the moves: The kinematic potential of rehabilitation-specific gaming to inform treatment for hemiparesis
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Participants
- Study procedure
- Data analysis
- Results
- Range of motion
- Trunk compensation
- Vertical offsets of both hands in an upward movement
- Discussion
- Limitations
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 30
- Web accessibility by Morse code modulated haptics for deaf-blind
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Research problem and questions
- Methods
- Limitations
- Study setup
- Results
- Test sessions
- Quotes from test subjects
- Discussion
- Verbal feedback
- Conclusion
- Future research
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 31
- Informed design for virtual environments: The impact of object shape on reaching performance
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Reaching and grasping in virtual reality
- Methods
- Procedure
- Results
- Discussion
- References
- Chapter 32
- Usability and redesign of a university entrance test based on audio for learners who are blind
- Abstract
- Introduction
- AudioPSU
- Software upgrades
- Hardware improvements
- Usability evaluation pilot in 2012
- Sample
- Instruments
- Procedure
- Results
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 33
- Towards a mobile exercise application to prevent falls: A participatory design process
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Theoretical approaches and methodologies
- Older participants
- Themes in focus of the study
- Investigate participants' experience related to falls
- Design exercises together with the older participants
- Explore motivational factors that can improve exercise adherence
- Design and develop the application together with the older participants
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 34
- Adapting a humanoid robot for use with children with profound and multiple disabilities
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- The robot
- Procedure
- Results
- What did teachers want the robot to do?
- How to get the robot to fulfill these roles?
- How to get the robot to produce the responses the teacher required
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 35
- Exploring arm movement pattern to discover strategy changes in a virtual catching task
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Upper-body interactive rehabilitation system for children with cerebral palsy
- Arm movement pattern and strategy
- Experiment with healthy children
- Apparatus
- Outcome measures
- Task procedure
- Results
- Experiment with children with cerebral palsy
- Apparatus
- Task procedure
- Results and discussion
- Conclusion
- References
- Section four: Break the cycle
- Chapter 36
- Break the cycle annual project: Survey of past students. 2005-2011
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Environmental health disparities
- Cycle of social and economic disadvantage and disability
- Project details
- The desired outcome
- Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 37
- Impact of the home environment on the relationship between prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and child behavior
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Data analysis
- Results
- Behavioral effects of a positive home environment
- Behavioral effects of a negative home environment
- Discussion
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Chapter 38
- Health disparities and factors that trigger asthma in African-American children in low-income communities in Fort Valley, Georgia
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Results
- Asthma prevalence
- Socioeconomic status (SES)
- Education status
- Housing
- Health behaviors
- Health insurance
- Environmental exposure
- Discussion
- Socioeconomic status
- Access to health care
- Health insurance
- Housing structure
- Environmental factors
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 39
- Impact of housing on pubertal timing
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Pubertal onset
- Body mass index
- Ethnicity
- Family income
- Results
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 40
- Racial concentration as a determinant of access to health care in Georgia
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Data
- Results
- Discussion
- References
- Chapter 41
- A cross-sectional study to assess the relationship between environmental risk factors and malnutrition in children under the age of five living in the Chipata Compound of the Lusaka District, Zambia
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Data analysis
- Results
- Discussion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 42
- Effects of heavy metal exposure on endocrine-related hormones in the neonates of Thai mothers working in agriculture
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- Integration into the "Break the cycle" program
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 43
- Race, socioeconomic status, and proximity to nuclear power plants in the Eastern United States
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Nuclear power plant data
- Demographic data
- Data analysis
- Results
- Multilevel logistic regression analysis
- Non-Hispanic black and proximity to a nuclear power plant
- Hispanic and proximity to a nuclear power plant
- SES and proximity to a nuclear power plant
- Discussion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 44
- In-home interventions to mitigate asthma: Assessing the benefits to children, their caretakers, and the community
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Objective
- Design
- Methods
- Results
- Results of interviews
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Appendix
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 45
- Implementing community supports to lessen health disparities at kindergarten entry for very preterm survivors
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 46
- The family check-up in a pediatric clinic: An integrated care delivery model to improve behaviors in the home environment
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Measures
- Participants
- Data analysis
- Results
- Discussion
- References
- Chapter 47
- Closing health disparities through a multi-level approach
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Research question
- Review of the literature
- Recommendation
- Break the cycle
- Methods
- Data analysis
- Results
- Discussion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Section five: Acknowledgments
- Chapter 48
- About the editor
- Contact
- Chapter 49
- About the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in Israel
- Mission
- Service and academic activities
- Research activities
- National collaborations
- International collaborations
- Targets
- Contact
- Chapter 50
- About the book series "Pediatrics, child and adolescent health"
- Contact
- Section six: Index
- Index
- Blank Page
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