Computer Programming

PrefacesAcknowledgementPart 1: Introduction to Computer Systems 1 Introduction 2 Computer Structure Input Unit Backing Store Memory Unit Output Unit Program Exercises 3 Input Devices Punched Cards Punched Paper Tape Keyboard Magnetic Ink Character Recognition Optical Character Recognition Optical Mark Reading Encoders Exercises 4 Output Devices Printing Line Printers Exercises 5 Backing Store Devices Backing Store Devices Magnetic Tape Devices Magnetic Disc Devices Hard Discs Floppy Discs File Organization File Sequencing File Security Exercises 6 Logic and Flowcharting Flowcharting Flowcharting Symbols Exercises 7 Program Specification Analysis Program Specifications Introduction Input Output Throughput Exercises 8 Operating Systems The Supervisor Program Scheduling Operator Communication JCL Interpretation Compilers Compiler Functions Operating Systems Library Maintenance Sorting Utilities Error Recovery Software Exercises 9 Data and Numbers Data Sets and Numbers Structures Arrays Number Systems The Decimal System The Binary System The Octal System The Hexadecimal System Number Notations ExercisesPart 2: COBOL Programming Language 10 Introduction to COBOL Language Structure The COBOL Character Set Punctuation Program Divisions Exercises 11 Word Types and Constants Reserved Words Keywords Optional Words Connectives Names Data Names Condition Names Procedure Names Constants Literal Constants Figurative Constants General Format Notation Exercises 12 The COBOL Coding Form Sequence Numbers Continuation of Lines Area A and B Blank Lines Exercises 13 Arithmetic Statements ROUNDED Option GIVING Option SIZE ERROR Option The ADD Statement The SUBTRACT Statement Exercises 14 Multiply and Divide The MULTIPLY Statement The DIVIDE Statement The COMPUTE Statement Arithmetic Expressions Exercises 15 Program Flow Procedure Name The GO TO Statement The ALTER Statement Exercises 16 Program Control The PERFORM Statement Embedded PERFORM Statement The EXIT Statement The STOP Statement Exercises 17 The Data Di vision Data Division-Organization Organization of External Data Description of External Data The DATA DIVISION Data Division Entries Level Numbers Special Level Numbers Exercises 18 File Descriptions-1 BLOCK CONTAINS Clause RECORD CONTAINS Clause Recording Mode Fixed-Length Recording Mode Variable-Length Recording Mode Undefined-Length Recording Mode Spanned-Length Recording Mode RECORDING MODE Clause F Mode V Mode Other Modes Exercises 19 File Descriptions-2 File Labelling Generation Numbers LABEL RECORDS Clause VALUE OF Clause DATA RECORDS Clause Data-Record Descriptions The FD in Use Exercises 20 Data Classes in COBOL Alphabetic Class Numeric Class Alphanumeric Class Data Description General Rules Data-Name Clause Exercises 21 Data Description-1 PICTURE Clause Symbols Used in the PICTURE Clause Other Combinations of PICTURE Characters Symbol Repetition The PICTURE Clause in Use The USAGE Clause Exercises 22 Data Description