
Advancedness in Second Language Spanish
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Content
- Intro
- Advancedness in Second Language Spanish
- Editorial page
- Title page
- Copyright page
- Table of contents
- Acknowledgements
- Chapter 1. The problematic pursuit of defining advancedness
- References
- Part I. Advancedness and standardized assessments of proficiency
- Chapter 2. The (limited) contributions of proficiency assessments in defining advancedness
- Overview of proficiency and proficiency assessment
- Critiques of proficiency assessments and scales
- Proficiency assessments and advancedness
- Reenvisioning proficiency assessments and descriptors for advanced-level users
- References
- Chapter 3. ACTFL OPIc question prompt and advanced Spanish fluency
- Literature review
- ACTFL oral proficiency guidelines and oral assessment instruments
- Task conditions
- Fluency
- Proficiency and fluency
- The present study
- Research questions
- Method
- Participants
- Procedures
- Data analysis
- Results
- RQ1. Temporal fluency between sublevels
- RQ2. Temporal fluency of advanced question types by ACTFL sublevels
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 4. Advanced users of Spanish: Relationships among modalities of speaking, reading, and listening
- Introduction
- Method
- Participants
- Data collection and analysis
- Results
- Relationships among modalities
- Longitudinal analysis
- Discussion
- Implications
- Limitations and issues for further study
- References
- Part II. Advancedness and late-acquired structures
- Chapter 5. The role of late-acquired structures in advanced oral proficiency: A consideration of complexity and variability as indicators of development
- Grammatical complexity, multifunctionality, and the concept-oriented approach
- Concept-oriented advanced grammar
- Advanced tense and aspect: An exemplary study
- Advanced use of (in)direct objects: An exemplary study
- Variationist research and advancedness
- Advanced L2 mood selection: An exemplary study
- Advanced inflectional morphology
- The role of late-acquired structures: Problems, challenges, and possibilities
- References
- Chapter 6. Allowable temporal distances for future-time forms: The case of advanced L2 Spanish learners
- Advanced learners: Rates and predictors of use, task-related differences, and lexical effects
- Future expression in native and L2 Spanish
- Summary: Temporal distance, advanced learners, and remaining gaps
- Current study
- Participants
- Procedure
- Allowable temporal distances task
- Grammar test
- Language background questionnaire
- Results
- Overall rates of temporal distance selection
- Mixed-effects regression models
- Cross-tabulating verb form and lexical type
- Discussion
- Answers to research questions
- Advanced learners overshooting NS targets
- Differences with prior task types: Lessened for advanced learners
- Greater sensitivity to lexical properties by advanced leaners
- Conclusions and limitations
- References
- Chapter 7. What does advanced L2 pronunciation look like?: Evidence from the ultimate attainment of Spanish consonants
- Previous studies
- Method
- Results
- Group results and discussion
- Individual results and discussion
- Discussion and conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Chapter 8. An exploration of advanced-level learners' verb choices in variable mood-distinction contexts
- Background
- The current study
- Method
- Participants
- Data collection
- Data coding and analysis
- Results and discussion
- Verb forms
- Task items
- Individual variability
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 9. L2 proficiency and L2 dialect processing during study abroad
- Background
- Processing
- L2 learners and dialect processing
- Method
- Participants
- Tasks
- Auditory form priming with lexical decision
- Procedure
- Results
- Proficiency tasks
- Auditory priming task
- Discussion of auditory priming results
- Difference score and proficiency measures
- Discussion of difference score ~ proficiency results
- General discussion
- Changes in L2 dialect processing
- Conclusions
- References
- Part III. Advancedness and sophisticated language use in context
- Chapter 10. Sophisticated language use in context: The contributions of variationist approaches to the study of advanced learners of Spanish
- The variationist perspective on language use in context
- Variationist nalyses and second language Spanish
- Applications of variationist approaches to advancedness in second language Spanish
- Characterizing advanced production in context
- Measuring interpretive abilities in advanced second language Spanish
- Understanding the relationship of classroom learning and advancedness
- Conclusions and future directions
- References
- Chapter 11. Linguistic markers of stance in advanced second language Spanish academic writing
- Previous research
- Stance
- Stance in academic writing
- Interactional stance elements in Spanish and English texts
- The current study
- Research context and corpus
- Data analysis
- Results
- Discussion and conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Summary of codes with examples
- Chapter 12. Sophisticated language use in context: Using the L2 to express intercultural competence
- Literature review
- Sophisticated language use
- Intercultural competence
- Stance towards cultural difference
- The current study
- Method
- Participants
- Instruments: Interview and standardized test
- Data analysis
- Results
- Stances towards cultural difference as evidence of advancedness: Qualitative analysis
- Polarization stage
- Minimization stage
- Acceptance stage
- Adaptation stage
- Individual-level analysis of stance and intercultural stage: Quantitative analysis
- Sophisticated language use and standardized tests: A comparison of advancedness measures
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- References
- Appendix A. Semi-structure interview guide
- Chapter 13. Spanish-language advancedness: Grammatical metaphor and the oral-written continuum
- SFL and the oral-written language continuum
- The oral-written language continuum and semiotic incongruence
- Spanish GM and the advanced language learner
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 14. Developing advanced pragmatic competence in Spanish
- Fundamental concepts in L2 pragmatics
- Pragmatics and pragmatic competence
- Pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic knowledge
- Pragmatic transfer
- Speech acts and understanding of indirect meaning
- Speech acts
- L2 implicature
- Context of learning and pragmatic competence
- Study abroad context: Learning the pragmatics of the target culture
- Heritage language learners
- Instruction of pragmatics
- Research on the instruction of pragmatics in L2 Spanish
- Methodological issues
- Conclusion and future directions
- References
- Part IV. Advancedness and individual learner characteristics and advanced-level performance
- Chapter 15. Advancing notions of advancedness: Clarifying the differential and dynamic effects of working memory across the second language proficiency spectrum
- Notions and operationalizations of advancedness
- Relationships between learner individual differences (IDs) and L2 development
- Working memory capacity (WMC) and L2 development
- WMC and L2 morphosyntax
- WMC and L2 proficiency
- Summary of findings and gaps
- Future research directions and implications for advanced learning settings
- References
- Chapter 16. Individual characteristics in advanced Spanish proficiency: Cluster and case-matching analyses on 127 advanced learners
- Background
- Defining advanced proficiency as compared to intermediate proficiency
- Why studying advanced proficiency attainment is important
- The context of the current study
- Variables: Learning interest/motivation, abroad experience, heritage status, and L2 resources
- Method
- Participants
- Materials
- Procedure
- Analyses
- Results
- Results for advanced students (N = 127)
- Cluster analysis
- Results for non-advanced students (N = 127)
- Cluster analysis
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 17. The effects of study abroad on interlanguage development: A concept-oriented analysis of advanced Spanish majors' direct object expression
- Background
- The L2 acquisition of object pronouns in Spanish
- Stages of acquisition
- The effects of study abroad
- The present study
- Approach
- Research questions
- Method
- Participants
- Procedure
- Results
- Discussion
- Conclusions
- References
- Appendix A. Spanish language warm-up exercise
- Chapter 18. The role of individual characteristics in the acquisition of Spanish copula choice: The case of Korean learners
- Research context
- Variation in second languages
- SLA of Spanish copula choice
- The role of individual characteristics in second languages
- The present study
- Participants
- Data elicitation
- Data coding and analysis
- Results
- Group trends
- Individual trends
- Role of individual characteristics
- Discussion and conclusion
- References
- Chapter 19. The role of language anxiety and enjoyment in advanced proficiency: Considerations for task-based language teaching research
- Introduction
- Background
- Language anxiety and language proficiency in SLA literature
- Factors affecting language anxiety in task-based research
- Positive Emotions in SLA
- Purpose of the current study
- Methodology
- Participants
- Materials
- Procedure
- Qualitative scoring and analytical procedures
- Results
- Results on cognitive task complexity, language anxiety and enjoyment by proficiency levels
- Results on task factors attributed to language anxiety on the novice and advanced proficiency levels
- Discussion and future directions
- The interaction of task complexity and learner FL anxiety and enjoyment
- Task-based predictors of learner anxiety
- References
- Appendix A. Design of main tasks (adapted from Sasayama, 2015)
- Chapter 20. Language aptitude and foreign accent in advanced L2 speakers of Spanish
- Research background
- Explicit language aptitude
- The present study
- Methodology
- Participants
- Instruments
- Raters
- Data analysis
- Results
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 21. Looking ahead: Future directions for research on advancednesss and instructional practice in second language Spanish
- Introduction
- Defining advanced language use and the advanced language user
- What does advanced language 'look like'?
- What is the profile of the advanced learner?
- Challenges in defining, facilitating, and investigating advancedness
- Disparities between formal and informal assessment
- Limitations of formal assessment
- Instructional and institutional limitations
- Social inequity
- Research methodology
- Possibilities and future directions
- References
- Index
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