The Physics of Complex Systems
1st Edition
Published on 15. January 2006
800 pages
978-1-61499-219-6 (ISBN)
Description
This volume focuses on the area of the physics of complex systems and provides both an overview of the field and more detailed examination of those topics within the field that are currently of greatest interest to researchers. The properties of complex systems play an important role in a variety of different and overlapping areas in physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics and technology. The research field of complex systems is very broad, but this volume attempts to be comprehensive. This book is a useful reference work for researchers in this area, whether graduate students or advanced academics. Up-to-date reviews of cutting-edge topics are provided, compiled by leading authorities and designed to both broaden the reader's insight and encourage the exploration of new problems in related fields. An overview of the present status of the physics of complex systems is provided on the following general topics: (1) scaling behaviours; (2) supramolecular systems; (3) aggregation, aggregation kinetics and disorderly growth mechanisms; (4) granularly matter; (5) polymers, associating polymers, polyelectrolytes and gels; (6) amphiphiles, emulsions, colloids, membranes and interface phenomena; (7) molecular motors; (8) phase separation and out of equilibrium dynamics; (9) turbulence, chaos and chaotic dynamics; (10) glass transition, supercooled fluids and (11) geometrically constrained dynamics.
More details
Series
Language
English
Place of publication
London
Netherlands
Publishing group
IOS Press
Target group
Professional and scholarly
File size
293,74 MB
ISBN-13
978-1-61499-219-6 (9781614992196)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
Additional editions
F. Mallamace | H.E. Stanley
The Physics of Complex Systems
Book
01/2006
1st Edition
IOS Press
€257.00
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Content
- Title Page
- Indice
- Preface
- Gruppo fotografico dei partecipanti al Corso
- Introduction to the Enrico Fermi Course on the Physics of Complex Systems
- Introduction
- Scaling and universality in physics
- The Ising model and its "variants
- Random site percolation on a lattice, and its variants
- The Laplace equation and its variants
- Other complex physical systems in which "order propagates
- Scale invariance in the biological and social sciences
- Outlook
- Granular matter
- Powders: examples and difficulties
- Statics: silos and heaps
- Janssen equilibrium in silos (fig. 1)
- Weight distribution below a heap
- Static: the effects of randomness
- Channels of force
- The carbon paper experiment
- A scalar model for local transmission
- Predictions in a mean field approximation
- Correlations
- Scalar vs. vector models
- Macroscopic elasticity of compressed powders
- Hertzian contacts
- Other models
- Rough grain surfaces and plastic deformations
- Mirage effects
- Surface flows
- Relevant variables
- Coupled equations
- Examples of steady flows
- Filling a silo
- An (idealized) rotating drum
- Transients
- Uphill waves
- Triangular profiles
- Onset of avalanches
- Spinodal growth "in situ
- Nucleation models
- Two types of dynamical scenarios
- Slowly rotating drums
- Another scenario
- Choosing the scenario
- Concluding remarks
- Patterns generation and competition in nonequilibrium optical media: a case study for complexity
- Introduction
- PART I. Complexity and model building
- Complexity vs. complex systems
- Complexity of symbolic sequences
- A dynamical approach to complexity
- An adaptive measurement procedure
- PART II. Pattern formation and competition in nonlinear optics
- Complexity and patterns
- A pedagogical approach to patterns
- Experimental results
- Optical crystals and quasi-crystals
- Competition and coexistence of optical patterns
- The theoretical model
- Summary and outlook
- Long-tailed distributions and non-Brownian transport in complex systems
- Introduction
- Fractal time
- Slow relaxations
- Fractal space processes
- Non-linear dynamics
- Brownian motion in confined media: spatial and hydrodynamic constraints
- Introduction
- Potential wells-spatial constraints
- Potential wells created by external fields
- Potential wells imposed by mechanical obstacle
- Hydrodynamic constraints near solid obstacles
- Brownian diffusion parallel to the walls
- Brownian diffusion perpendicular to the walls
- Modeling a Brownian walker with a space-dependent diffusion constant
- Dewetting
- General aims
- The air/solid interface
- The hydrodynamic model
- Coating processes
- Dewetting by dry patches
- Rubber/solid interfaces
- Aquaplaning of motor cars
- Offset 4-color printing [12]
- Thin films
- Future research
- DNA-based molecular computing
- Introduction
- DNA
- DNA implementation of the Hamiltonian path problem
- In-vitro evolution solves the problem of specific chemical binding
- What is a computer
- Recognition
- String matching
- DNA melting
- Kinetics of DNA hybridization
- Thermodynamics of molecular computation
- DNA replication
- Ligation
- Polymerase and error correction
- The polymerase chain reaction
- Hybridization errors in PCR
- Parallel overlap assembly
- Conclusion
- Scaling behavior in economics: empirical results and modeling of company growth
- Introduction
- Background
- Empirical results
- Size distribution of publicly-traded companies
- The distribution of annual growth rates
- Mean growth rate
- Standard deviation of the growth rate
- Other measures of size
- The T-year growth rates
- Discussion
- Stochastic modeling
- The exponential distribution of growth rates
- Time dependence of the growth-rate distribution
- The scaling exponent beta
- Combining the two models
- Conclusions
- Hydrophobic free energy eigenfunctions help define continuous wavelet transformations of amino acid sequences of protein families
- Introduction
- Hydrophobic free energy transformations of amino acid sequences
- Construction of hydrophobic free energy eigenfunctions
- Morlet wavelet transformation of protein hydrophobicity sequences and their leading eigenfunctions
- Wavelet analyses of amino acid sequences from four structural protein families
- Dynamics of fluctuating surfaces and interfaces
- Introduction
- Early stages of the growth: dynamic scaling of the size distribution
- Nucleation and growth of droplets
- Island distribution and morphology in epitaxial growth
- Long-time behavior
- Dynamic scaling of growing surfaces
- Examples of surface growth phenomena
- Surface tension dominated growth: models and experiments
- Models
- Two-fluid displacement in porous media
- Surface growth with quenched noise
- Surface diffusion dominated growth
- Surface evolution and morphology in epitaxial growth
- Conclusions
- Measurements of curvatures of the oil-water interface in isometric bicontinuous microemulsions by scattering experiments
- Introduction
- Experiments
- Scattering intensities from a bicontinuous microemulsion in bulk and film contrasts
- Data analysis
- Discussion and summary
- Appendix
- Effects of surface adhesion on the phase behavior of water-in-oil microemulsions and viscosity of co-polymer micelles
- PART I. Phase separation and percolation behavior of AOT/water/decane microemulsions
- Introduction
- Baxter's sticky sphere model and the associated phase diagram
- Analysis of SANS data below T_c
- Analysis of the phase diagram
- Summary
- PART II. Effects of surface adhesion on viscosity of co-polymer micellar solutions
- Introduction
- Microstructure of polymeric micelles
- Model for the inter-micellar structure factor
- Viscosity of suspension of hard spheres with an adhesive surface
- Viscosity of tri-block co-polymer micelles
- Summary
- Structure and dynamics of suspensions from first principles?
- Introduction
- Interacting electric double layers
- Brownian motion and multiple time-scale analysis
- Traditional description of Brownian motion
- Multiple time-scale analysis
- Forces on Brownian particles from first principles
- Multiple time-scale derivation of the Fokker-Planck equation
- Interacting Brownian particles
- Numerical evaluation of friction
- Perspectives
- Interacting Brownian particles: the dynamics of colloidal suspensions
- Introduction
- Structural properties of colloidal suspensions
- Typical systems
- Structural properties and scattering
- Determination of the pair distribution function
- Polydisperse systems and mixtures
- Dynamics of colloidal suspensions
- Time scales and transport equations
- Short-time dynamics
- Long-time dynamics
- Memory equations
- Mode-coupling approximation
- Conclusions
- Phase transitions in colloidal suspensions
- Introduction
- Interaction potentials in atomic and colloidal systems
- Phase diagrams
- Fluid-crystal phase transition for particles interacting through a repulsive potential
- Phase transitions for colloidal particles with polymer-induced depletion attractions
- Phase separation processes
- Nucleation and growth
- Nucleation
- Growth
- Spinodal decomposition
- Early stage
- Late stage
- Transient gelation
- Kinetics of spinodal decomposition in gels
- Introduction
- Background
- Theory of spinodal decomposition kinetics
- Experimental results
- Conclusion
- Vesicle phases from perfluorosurfactants with cosurfactants and their properties
- Introduction
- Results
- The system C8F17SO3H/N(C2H5)4OH/C7F15CH2OH
- The system C8F17CO2NH4/C8F17CO2H
- The systems C8F17SO3H and C8F17SO3N(C2H5)4 with C8F17CO2H
- The systems prepared from 200 mM C8F17SO3N(C2H5)4 with C3F7O[(CF3)CF2O]n CF(CF3)CO2H with n=0,1,2,3
- The system C8F17SO3N(C2N5)4/n-hexanol
- The system C8F17S03H/n-decanol
- Conclusions
- Scaling of interfacial tension and identity of bending moduli of microemulsions
- Introduction
- Microemulsion structure and interfacial curvature
- Interfacial film free energy
- Statistical-mechanical expressions for the amphiphilic film coefficients
- Scaling of the interfacial tension of microemulsions
- Arrested phase separation and microemulsion phase diagram
- Relaxation phenomena in disordered systems
- Introduction
- Time correlation function
- Applications to disordered systems
- Critical phenomena in supramolecular liquid mixtures
- Dielectric relaxation at percolation
- Glassy relaxation of density correlations in the mode-coupling theory
- Slow dynamics in water
- Conclusions
- Scaling properties of DNA sequences and heartbeat rate
- Long-range power law correlations
- DNA
- The "DNA walk
- Correlations and fluctuations
- Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA)
- Systematic analysis of GenBank database
- Generalized Levy walk model
- Mosaic nature of DNA structure
- Detecting characteristic patch sizes
- Fractal analysis of interbeat intervals
- Scaling behavior of heartbeat intervals
- Physics investigation of financial markets
- Introduction
- Scaling and its breakdown in the Standard & Poor's 500 index
- The truncated Levy flight
- Failures of the description of some aspects of the S&P 500 dynamics in terms of the TLF model
- Analogies and differences with turbulence
- Discussion
- Frustration and connectivity in spin glasses, glasses and granular materials
- Introduction
- Clusters in the Ising model
- Clusters in the Ising spin glass model
- Bond frustrated percolation
- Frustration in glass-forming liquids
- Spin frustrated lattice gas
- Site frustrated percolation
- Hamiltonian formalism for FP
- Frustrated percolation and glass forming liquids
- Granular materials
- Slow dynamics of glassy systems
- Introduction
- The Random Energy Model
- The definition of the model
- Equilibrium properties of the model
- Properties of the low-temperature phase
- Dynamical properties of the model
- Models with partially correlated energy
- The definition of the models
- Equilibrium properties of the models
- The free-energy landscape
- Mode coupling theory at short times
- Dynamical properties of the models from a landscape analysis
- More realistic models
- General consideration on long-range Hamiltonians with and without quenched disorder
- Short-range models
- Pressure-driven elastic instabilities and solid-state amorphization
- Introduction
- Generalized stability criteria
- Simulation of solid-state amorphization
- Role of atomic size effects in chemical ordering
- Implications and perspective
- Modelling ionic transport in complex systems
- Introduction
- Dispersed ionic conductors
- Glassy ionic conductors: experimental situation
- Coulomb-lattice gas in a disordered potential
- The dynamic structure model (DSM)
- Thermodynamics and dynamics of supercooled water
- Introduction
- Thermodynamics of supercooled water
- Mode coupling theory
- Dynamics in supercooled water
- The glassy state problem: failure to crystallize, and vitrification
- Introduction: questions, concepts, and terminology
- What is a glass?
- Ergodicity breaking and the glass transition
- Origin of glass-forming ability
- The Kauzmann paradox and the potential energy hypersurface
- Relaxation and entropy
- Relaxation in the non-ergodic state
- Relaxation in the ergodic domain
- Relaxation in the non-ergodic state near T_g
- Entropy at the glass transition and the validity of Ehrenfest-like thermodynamic relaxations
- Kinetic aspects of vitrification: strong and fragile liquids
- The glass transition in covalent systems
- View from the solid
- POSTERS
- The renewal of the epidermis: a topological mechanism
- Introduction
- Topological representation of biological tissues
- Information available
- Structural signature of disorder: Lewis' law and Aboav's law
- Coupled rate equations. The human epidermis
- Coupled rate equations for mitosis
- Rate equations of the skin
- Solutions for a flat tissue
- Consequences
- Conclusions
- Scaling laws of dielectric testing particles subject to randomly distributed vortices in electro-convective turbulence
- Description
- Geometry of dynamics and phase transitions
- Introduction
- Instability of the dynamics and phase transitions
- Geometric properties
- Random cellular systems as dynamical maps: disorder, curvature and diffusion
- Topology characterization
- Applications
- Space curvature and froth structure
- Freedom and constraint in the construction of a disordered structure
- Diffusion in disordered media
- Algebraic methods for many-body systems
- Introduction
- The U(2) model for the anharmonic oscillator
- The U(4) vibron model in molecular physics
- The U(6) interacting boson model for nuclei
- The U(N)xU(3) dipolar model for collective resonances
- Conclusions
- Intermittency and turbulence in magnetospheric dynamics
- Quantitative characterization of liquid to solid phase transition in a DPPC monolayer
- Introduction
- Experimental setup
- Results and discussion
- Glassy dielectric relaxation of protons in hydrated protein powders
- Universality of subleading exponents induced by one-dimensional defects: the case of self-avoiding walks
- Introduction
- Dimensionality of defects and correction to scaling
- Models, Monte Carlo simulations and results
- Approximation theories on delayed stochastic systems
- Clumping of base pairs in DNA
- Introduction
- Ratio analysis
- Method
- Clumping in primate DNA
- Clumping in different sources
- Clumping of amino acids
- Clumping measure analysis
- Method
- Clumping measures for trinucleotides
- Clumping measures for dinucleotides
- Clumping measures for amino acids
- Discussion
- Light scattering and UV-visible absorption studies of DLA aggregation kinetics in biological systems
- Water-protein interface characterization by means of molecular dynamics simulations
- Introduction
- Computational methods
- Results and discussion
- Conclusions
- Rayleigh wing spectroscopy to study confined dynamics in H-bonded systems
- Introduction
- Experimental procedure
- Results and discussion
- A thermodynamic description of the role of chain folding in the melt crystallization kinetics of nucleated polypropylene
- Rheology of magnetic silica dispersions
- Introduction
- Synthesis
- Rheology
- Conclusions
- Strong critical enhancement of the viscosity of a colloid polymer mixture
- Weight space structure of the parity machine with binary weights: analytical and numerical results
- Further numerical evidence for super-roughening in crystalline surfaces with disordered substrate
- Power law distribution of dimeric tandem repeats in DNA sequences
- Adsorption of a new type of triblock copolymer (PEO-PTHF-PEO) at non-polar surfaces
- Spherical model on graphs
- SOC dynamics for fully frustrated spin systems
- Theory of extremal dynamics with quenched disorder: self-organization, avalanches dynamics and critical exponents
- Hydrodlynamic interactions of particles trapped between two walls: theory and experimental studies
- A model for the compaction of granular media
- Identification of an intermediate-segregation regime in a symmetric diblock copolymer system
- High-precision critical behaviour from cluster variation method
- Monte Carlo fixed scale transformation for non-local fractal growth models
- A blocking technique for emulating large polyelectrolytes
- Interference of light after a random walk
- Elenco dei partecipanti
