
Esther
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Content
- Cover
- Titlepage
- Impressum
- Content
- Editors' Foreword
- Author's Preface
- Introduction
- A. Textual Forms and Editorial Stages
- 1. Accounting for the Textual Diversity of Esther in this Commentary
- 2. The Textual Witnesses
- 2.1. The Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT)
- 2.2. Esther at Qumran?
- 2.3. The Majority Greek Text of the LXX
- 2.4. The Minority Greek Text, the Alpha Text (AT)
- 2.5. Flavius Josephus
- 2.6. The Old Latin (OL)
- 2.7. The Vulgate
- 2.8. Other Ancient Versions
- 3. The Work' Editorial Process
- 3.1. The Alpha Text (AT), a Late Revision Dependant upon the LXX and/or the MT
- 3.2. The Alpha Text Reflects a Pre-Masoretic Hebrew Proto-Esther
- 3.3. Narrative Source Divisions
- 3.4. The Additions in the LXX and the AT
- 3.5. The Place of the Old Latin
- 4. Synthesis and the Proposal Defended in the Present Commentary
- 4.1. From Proto-Esther to the Masoretic Text
- 4.1.1. Reconstructing Proto-Esther and Identifying the Proto-Masoretic Editorial Sections
- 4.1.2. Presentation of the Editorial Process of the Proto-Masoretic Hebrew Text of Esther in the Present Commentary
- 4.2. Emergence of the Two Primary Greek Witnesses (AT and LXX) and the Other Textual Witnesses of Esther
- 4.2.1. The AT and the LXX
- 4.2.2. The Other Textual Witnesses.
- 4.2.3. Schema of the History of the Texts of Esther
- B. Historical and Intellectual Context of the Book' Production
- 1. The Persian Era: The Setting of the Action
- 2. The Hellenistic Era: The Context of the Work' Production
- 2.1. Fictive Character of the Narrative
- 2.2. Different Textual Forms
- 2.3. Linguistic Arguments
- 2.4. Knowledge of Biblical Texts
- 2.5. Esther and Hellenistic Literature about Persia
- 2.5.1. Persian History and Its Sources
- 2.5.2. Links between Esther and Greek Literature
- 2.5.3. The Book of Esther, a Persica
- 2.6. Esther and Maccabean Conflicts
- 2.7. The Context of Proto-Esther' Production
- 2.7.1. Jewish Diasporas in the Hellenistic Era.
- 2.7.2. Synthesis
- 2.8. The Context of Production of the Proto-Masoretic Edition of Esther
- 2.8.1. Judea in the Maccabean and Hasmonean Eras
- 2.8.2. Synthesis
- 2.9. The Contexts of Production of the Additions and Other Textual Forms of the Work
- 3. Purim' Mysterious Origin
- C. Literary and Thematic Characteristics Developed in Esther' Masoretic Form
- 1. Organization of the Work
- 2. Novel-Like Characteristics
- 3. Language and Style
- 4. Allusions and References to Other Biblical Texts
- 4.1. Esther, Mordecai, and the Kings of Israel
- 4.2. The Joseph Story and the Book of Esther
- 4.3. Esther and Moses
- 4.4. Daniel
- 4.5. The Book of Esther and the Books of Maccabees and Judith
- 4.6. Conclusions
- 5. Themes
- 5.1. View of the Empire and Relationship with It
- 5.1.1 The Banquets
- 5.1.2. Law and Edicts
- 5.1.3. Non-Jewish Characters
- 5.2. Facing a Foreign Empire as a Jew
- 5.2.1. Being Jewish according to the Book of Esther
- 5.2.2. To Conceal or Reveal One' Identity
- 5.2.3. Mordecai: Refusing Norms Imposed by Imperial Power
- 5.2.4. Esther: Acting with Charm, Courage, and Cunning
- 5.2.5. The Use of Force by the Jews
- 5.3. God' Presence and Absence in the MT
- D. Literary and Thematic Characteristics of Other Textual Forms of Esther
- 1. Proto-Esther: Structure and Themes
- 2. The Greek Versions: Structure and Themes
- E. Perspectives on Space and Time
- 1. Spatial Organization of the Palace
- Schema of Palace Organization
- 2. The Chronological System in the Book of Esther
- 2.1. The Chronological System of the Masoretic Text
- 2.2. The Chronological System in the LXX
- 2.3. Diachronic Implications
- F. Canonization, Use, and Reception of the Work
- 1. An Anthoritative Book
- 1.1. Canonicity in Judaism
- 1.2. Canonicity in Christianity
- 2. A Book for the Festival of Purim
- 3. An Inspiring Book (Esther' Reception)
- 3.1. Esther in Judaism
- 3.2. Esther in Christianity
- G. How to Use This Commentary on Esther' Masoretic Form
- Chapter 1. The Fall of Queen Vashti
- Introduction
- The Banquets of the Persian King (1:1-9)
- Notes on Text and Translation
- Synchronic Analysis
- Vashti' Refusal (1:10-12)
- Notes on Text and Translation
- Synchronic Analysis
- The Consequences of Vashti' Refusal (1:13-22)
- Notes on Text and Translation
- Synchronic Analysis
- Diachronic Analysis
- Proto-Esther
- Proto-Masoretic Editing and the Emergence of the MT
- The Greek Translations and the Late Modifications of the MT
- Synthesis
- Chapter 2. Esther' Accession and Royal Installation
- Introduction
- Esther 2:1-18. Appointment of a New Queen
- Notes on Text and Translation
- Synchronic Analysis
- Esther 2:19-23. Events at the Court
- Translation
- Notes on Text and Translation
- Synchronic Analysis
- Diachronic Analysis
- Proto-Esther
- Proto-Masoretic Editing and the Emergence of the MT
- The Greek Translations and the Late Modifications of the MT
- Synthesis
- Chapter 3. Haman' Plot
- Notes on Text and Translation
- Synchronic Analysis
- Chapter 4. Mordecai Solicits Esther' Help
- Notes on Text and Translation
- Synchronic Analysis
- Chapter 5. Haman' Honors
- Introduction
- Esther' First Banquet (5:1-8)
- Notes on Text and Translation
- Synchronic Analysis
- Reasons for the Double Invitation to the Banquet
- Haman at Home with His Friends (5:9-14)
- Notes on Text and Translation
- Synchronic Analysis
- Diachronic Analysis
- Proto-Esther
- Proto-Masoretic Editing and the Emergence of the MT
- The Greek Translations and the Late Modifications of the MT
- Synthesis
- Chapter 6. Mordecai' Honors
- Introduction
- Haman Honors Mordecai (6:1-11)
- Notes on Text and Translation
- Synchronic Analysis
- Haman Returns Home (6:12-14)
- Notes on Text and Translation
- Synchronic Analysis
- Diachronic Analysis
- Proto-Esther
- Proto-Masoretic Editing and the Emergence of the MT
- The Greek Translations and the Late Modifications of the MT
- Synthesis
- Chapter 7. The Death of Haman
- Notes on Text and Translation
- Synchronic Analysis
- Chapters 8-10. Triumph, Massacre, and Festivities
- Introduction
- A Plot Difficult to Unravel (8:1-17)
- Notes on Text and Translation
- Synchronic Analysis
- The War (9:1-19)
- Notes on Text and Translation
- Synchronic Analysis
- The Letters Instituting the Festivals (9:20-32)
- Notes on Text and Translation
- Synchronic Analysis
- The King, Mordecai, the Jews, and the Empire (10:1-3)
- Notes on Text and Translation
- Synchronic Analysis
- Diachronic Analysis. Chapters 8-10
- Proto-Esther
- The Original Conclusion of Proto-Esther and Late Sections of the AT
- Proto-Masoretic Editing and the Emergence of the MT
- Proto-Masoretic Themes and Formulations
- Proto-Masoretic Editing of Chapter 8
- Proto-Masoretic Editing of 9:1-19
- Proto-Masoretic Editing of 9:20-28
- Editorial Process and Textual History of 9:29-32
- Proto-Masoretic Editing of 10:1-3
- The Greek Translations and the Late Modifications of the MT
- Corrections to the MT Subsequent to the Translation of the LXX
- The Outcome of the Greek Translations
- The Alpha Text
- The LXX
- Synthesis
- The Additions
- Addition A,1-11. Mordecai' Dream
- Addition A,12-17. The Eunuchs'First Plot
- Addition B,1-7. The Edict of Annihilation
- Addition C,1-30. Mordecai' and Esther' Prayers
- Addition D,1-16. Esther' Arrival before the King
- Addition E,1-24. The Counter-Edict
- Addition F,1-10. Interpretation of Mordecai' Dream
- Addition F,11. The Colophon
- Bibliography
- Esther Texts. Editions and Translations
- Hebrew
- Greek (LXX and AT)
- Old Latin (OL)
- Vulgate (Vulg.)
- Peshitta (Pesh. or Syr.)
- Patristic Literature
- Bible Translations
- Mesopotamian and Persian Literature
- Ancient Aramaic and Hebrew Sources
- Elephantine
- Megillat Ta'nit
- Targum Esther I and Targum Esther II (Tg. Esth. I and Tg. Esth. II)
- Midrash Rabbah (Mid. Rabbah) and Other Midrashic Texts
- Talmud (Babylonian (b.) and Jerusalem (y.))
- Greek and Roman Literature
- Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, Grammars
- Commentaries on the Book of Esther
- Articles and Monographs
- Indexes
- Plan of volumes
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