The Chemistry Book
From Gunpowder to Graphene, 250 Milestones in the History of Chemistry
Published on 9. February 2016
528 pages
978-1-4549-1728-1 (ISBN)
Description
From atoms and fluorescent pigments to sulfa drug synthesis and buckyballs, this lush and authoritative chronology presents 250 milestones in the world of chemistry. As the "central science" that bridges biology and physics, chemistry plays an important role in countless medical and technological advances. Covering entertaining stories and unexpected applications, chemist and journalist Derek B. Lowe traces the most important-and surprising-chemical discoveries.
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Derek B. Lowe
The Chemistry Book
From Gunpowder to Graphene, 250 Milestones in the History of Chemistry
Book
02/2016
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€50.95
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Person
Since 1989, chemist Derek B. Lowe, has worked for several major pharmaceutical companies on drug discovery projects against schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, diabetes, cancer, and other diseases. After receiving his PhD in chemistry from Duke University, he was awarded a Humboldt fellowship to do postdoctoral research in Germany and has since handled almost 50 elements of the Periodic table. His columns on organic and medicinal chemistry are featured in the Royal Society of Chemistry journal Chemistry World, and he has served on the advisory board for Chemical & Engineering News. Having written daily for the popular "In the Pipeline" blog (pipeline.corante.com) for over 12 years, Lowe is also a science blog pioneer with 6,000-plus Twitter followers. He lives in MA.
Content
- Intro
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Contents
- Introduction
- About This Book
- c. 500,000 BCE: Crystals
- c. 3300 BCE: Bronze
- c. 2800 BCE: Soap
- c. 1300 BCE: Iron Smelting
- c. 1200 BCE: Purification
- c. 550 BCE: Gold Refining
- c. 450 BCE: The Four Elements
- c. 400 BCE: Atomism
- 210 BCE: Mercury
- c. 60 CE: Natural Products
- c. 126: Roman Concrete
- c. 200: Porcelain
- c. 672: Greek Fire
- c. 800: The Philosopher's Stone
- c. 800: Viking Steel
- c. 850: Gunpowder
- c. 900: Alchemy
- c. 1280: Aqua Regia
- c. 1280: Fractional Distillation
- 1538: Toxicology
- 1540: Diethyl Ether
- 1556: De Re Metallica
- 1605: The Advancement of Learning
- 1607: Yorkshire Alum
- 1631: Quinine
- 1661: The Sceptical Chymist
- 1667: Phlogiston
- 1669: Phosphorus
- 1700: Hydrogen Sulfide
- c. 1706: Prussian Blue
- 1746: Sulfuric Acid
- 1752: Hydrogen Cyanide
- 1754: Carbon Dioxide
- 1758: Cadet's Fuming Liquid
- 1766: Hydrogen
- 1774: Oxygen
- 1789: Conservation of Mass
- 1791: Titanium
- 1792: Ytterby
- 1804: Morphine
- 1805: Electroplating
- 1806: Amino Acids
- 1807: Electrochemical Reduction
- 1808: Dalton's Atomic Theory
- 1811: Avogadro's Hypothesis
- 1813: Chemical Notation
- 1814: Paris Green
- 1815: Cholesterol
- 1819: Caffeine
- 1822: Supercritical Fluids
- 1828: Beryllium
- 1828: Wöhler's Urea Synthesis
- 1832: Functional Groups
- 1834: Ideal Gas Law
- 1834: Photochemistry
- 1839: Polymers and Polymerization
- 1839: Daguerreotype
- 1839: Rubber
- 1840: Ozone
- 1842: Phosphate Fertilizer
- 1847: Nitroglycerine
- 1848: Chirality
- 1852: Fluorescence
- 1854: Separatory Funnel
- 1856: Perkin's Mauve
- 1856: Mirror Silvering
- 1859: Flame Spectroscopy
- 1860: Cannizzaro at Karlsruhe
- 1860: Oxidation States
- 1861: Erlenmeyer Flask
- 1861: Structural Formula
- 1864: Solvay Process
- 1865: Benzene and Aromaticity
- 1868: Helium
- 1869: The Periodic Table
- 1874: Tetrahedral Carbon Atoms
- 1876: Gibbs Free Energy
- 1877: Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution
- 1877: Friedel-Crafts Reaction
- 1878: Indigo Synthesis
- 1879: Soxhlet Extractor
- 1881: Fougère Royale
- 1883: Claus Process
- 1883: Liquid Nitrogen
- 1884: Fischer and Sugars
- 1885: Le Châtelier's Principle
- 1886: Isolation of Fluorine
- 1886: Aluminum
- 1887: Cyanide Gold Extraction
- 1888: Liquid Crystals
- 1891: Thermal Cracking
- 1892: Chlor-Alkali Process
- 1892: Acetylene
- 1893: Thermite
- 1893: Borosilicate Glass
- 1893: Coordination Compounds
- 1894: The Mole
- 1894: Asymmetric Induction
- 1894: Diazomethane
- 1895: Liquid Air
- 1896: Greenhouse Effect
- 1897: Aspirin
- 1897: Zymase Fermentation
- 1897: Hydrogenation
- 1898: Neon
- 1900: Grignard Reaction
- 1900: Free Radicals
- 1900: Silicones
- 1901: Chromatography
- 1902: Polonium and Radium
- 1905: Infrared Spectroscopy
- 1907: Bakelite®
- 1907: Spider Silk
- 1909: pH and Indicators
- 1909: Haber-Bosch Process
- 1909: Salvarsan
- 1912: X-Ray Crystallography
- 1912: Maillard Reaction
- 1912: Stainless Steel
- 1912: Boranes and the Vacuum-Line Technique
- 1912: Dipole Moments
- 1913: Mass Spectrometry
- 1913: Isotopes
- 1915: Chemical Warfare
- 1917: Surface Chemistry
- 1918: Radithor
- 1920: Dean-Stark Trap
- 1920: Hydrogen Bonding
- 1921: Tetraethyl Lead
- 1923: Acids and Bases
- 1923: Radioactive Tracers
- 1925: Fischer-Tropsch Process
- 1928: Diels-Alder Reaction
- 1928: Reppe Chemistry
- 1930: Chlorofluorocarbons
- 1931: Sigma and Pi Bonding
- 1931: Deuterium
- 1932: Carbonic Anhydrase
- 1932: Vitamin C
- 1932: Sulfanilamide
- 1933: Polyethylene
- 1934: Superoxide
- 1934: The Fume Hood
- 1935: Transition State Theory
- 1935: Nylon
- 1936: Nerve Gas
- 1936: Technetium
- 1937: Cellular Respiration
- 1937: Elixir Sulfanilamide
- 1937: Reaction Mechanisms
- 1938: Catalytic Cracking
- 1938: Teflon®
- 1939: The Last Element in Nature
- 1939: The Nature of the Chemical Bond
- 1939: DDT
- 1940: Gaseous Diffusion
- 1942: Steroid Chemistry
- 1942: Cyanoacrylates
- 1943: LSD
- 1943: Streptomycin
- 1943: Bari Raid
- 1944: Birch Reduction
- 1944: Magnetic Stirring
- 1945: Penicillin
- 1945: Glove Boxes
- 1947: Antifolates
- 1947: Kinetic Isotope Effects
- 1947: Photosynthesis
- 1948: Donora Death Fog
- 1949: Catalytic Reforming
- 1949: Molecular Disease
- 1949: Nonclassical Ion Controversy
- 1950: Conformational Analysis
- 1950: Cortisone
- 1950: Rotary Evaporator
- 1951: Sanger Sequencing
- 1951: The Pill
- 1951: Alpha-Helix and Beta-Sheet
- 1951: Ferrocene
- 1951: Transuranic Elements
- 1952: Gas Chromatography
- 1952: Miller-Urey Experiment
- 1952: Zone Refining
- 1952: Thallium Poisoning
- 1953: DNA's Structure
- 1953: Synthetic Diamond
- 1955: Electrophoresis
- 1956: The Hottest Flame
- 1957: Luciferin
- 1958: DNA Replication
- 1960: Thalidomide
- 1960: Resolution and Chiral Chromatography
- 1961: NMR
- 1962: Green Fluorescent Protein
- 1962: Noble Gas Compounds
- 1962: Isoamyl Acetate and Esters
- 1963: Ziegler-Natta Catalysis
- 1963: Merrifield Synthesis
- 1963: Dipolar Cycloadditions
- 1964: Kevlar®
- 1965: Protein Crystallography
- 1965: Cisplatin
- 1965: Lead Contamination
- 1965: Methane Hydrate
- 1965: Woodward-Hoffman Rules
- 1966: Polywater
- 1967: HPLC
- 1968: BZ Reaction
- 1969: Murchison Meteorite
- 1969: Gore-Tex®
- 1970: Carbon Dioxide Scrubbing
- 1970: Computational Chemistry
- 1970: Glyphosate
- 1971: Reverse-Phase Chromatography
- 1972: Rapamycin
- 1973: B12: Synthesis
- 1974: CFCs and the Ozone Layer
- 1975: Enzyme Stereochemistry
- 1976: PET Imaging
- 1977: Nozaki Coupling
- 1979: Tholin
- 1980: Iridium Impact Hypothesis
- 1982: Unnatural Products
- 1982: MPTP
- 1983: Polymerase Chain Reaction
- 1984: Electrospray LC/MS
- 1984: AZT and Antiretrovirals
- 1984: Quasicrystals
- 1984: Bhopal Disaster
- 1985: Fullerenes
- 1985: MALDI
- 1988: Modern Drug Discovery
- 1988: PEPCON®: Explosion
- 1989: Taxol®
- 1991: Carbon Nanotubes
- 1994: Palytoxin
- 1997: Coordination Frameworks
- 1998: Recrystallization and Polymorphs
- 2001: Click Triazoles
- 2004: Graphene
- 2005: Shikimic Acid Shortage
- 2005: Olefin Metathesis
- 2006: Flow Chemistry
- 2006: Isotopic Distribution
- 2009: Acetonitrile
- 2010: Engineered Enzymes
- 2010: Metal-Catalyzed Couplings
- 2013: Single-Molecule Images
- 2025: Hydrogen Storage
- 2030: Artificial Photosynthesis
- Notes and Further Reading
- Image Credits
