
Local Energy Autonomy
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Content
- Cover
- Half-Title Page
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Contents
- Foreword
- Introduction
- Energy and territories: towards new configurations
- Figures of local energy autonomy
- Metabolic, socio-technical and political empowerment: congruences and tensions
- The structuring of network spaces: new logics and new scales
- Infrastructure diversification, redistribution of skills and reconstruction of stakeholder systems
- At the crossroads of innovation, experimentation and diversion
- Perspectives
- Book structure
- References
- PART 1: Governance and Actors
- 1. Urban Planning and Energy: New Relationships, New Local Governance
- 1.1. Distributed energy: the constant adaptation of urban areas
- 1.2. "Sustainable cities" and new energy systems: from harmonization to a common origin
- 1.3. Reshaping local governance
- 1.4. References
- 2. Decentralized Energy and Cities: Tools and Levers for Urban Energy Decentralization
- 2.1. Introduction
- 2.2. Background
- 2.3. Woking, UK
- 2.4. London, UK
- 2.5. Sydney, Australia
- 2.5.1. Background
- 2.5.2. Sustainable Sydney 2030
- 2.5.3. Green Infrastructure Plan
- 2.5.4. Trigeneration Master Plan
- 2.5.5. Renewable Energy Master Plan
- 2.5.6. Advanced Waste Treatment Master Plan
- 2.5.7. CitySwitch Green Office Program
- 2.5.8. Better Buildings Partnership
- 2.5.9. Environmental Upgrade Agreements
- 2.5.10. City of Sydney Projects
- 2.5.11. Carbon-neutral Sydney
- 2.5.12. Conclusion
- 2.6. Seoul, South Korea
- 2.6.1. Background
- 2.6.2. Fukushima nuclear disaster
- 2.6.3. One Less Nuclear Power Plant
- 2.6.4. Seoul International Energy Advisory Council
- 2.6.5. International Energy Advisory Council
- 2.6.6. One Less Nuclear Power Plant, Phase 2 - Seoul Sustainable Energy Action Plan
- 2.6.7. Seoul Energy Corporation
- 2.6.8. Interregional cooperation
- 2.6.9. Conclusion
- 2.7. Overall conclusions
- 2.8. References
- 3. The Third Industrial Revolution in Hauts-de-France: Moving Toward Energy Autonomy?
- 3.1. The industrial revolutions in the region
- 3.1.1. The cornerstones of the first industrial revolution
- 3.1.2. The successors of the second industrial revolution: the automotive industry and electricity
- 3.2. The TIR's resources in Hauts-de-France
- 3.2.1. An expanded view of some of the local expertise
- 3.2.2. The basis of local ecosystems
- 3.2.3. Strong political backing
- 3.2.4. The expansion of the TRI/REV3 brand
- 3.2.5. Multiple financial tools
- 3.2.6. Subregional territorialization: energy subsidiarity
- 3.2.7. Network managers are changing their views
- 3.3. Initial assessments and analyses
- 3.3.1. Late, but still a strong objective
- 3.3.2. An update on the TRI/REV3 trajectories
- 3.3.3. A techno-centered vision
- 3.3.4. Tensions regarding the priorities and temporalities
- 3.3.5. From solidarity to regional autonomy through energy subsidiarity
- 3.4. References
- 4. Rethinking Reliability and Solidarity through the Prism of Interconnected Autonomies
- 4.1. Introduction
- 4.2. Four prospective scenarios for urbanized spaces
- 4.2.1. Large companies
- 4.2.2. Local authorities
- 4.2.3. Cooperative stakeholders
- 4.2.4. Regulating state
- 4.3. Intermediaries with new energy autonomies
- 4.3.1. Energy storage as an essential factor of autonomy
- 4.3.2. Energy autonomies as organizations
- 4.3.3. A combination of different energy scenarios according to the regions
- 4.4. A variety of decision-making scales relating to energy infrastructure
- 4.4.1. The country and the continent
- 4.4.2. Housing
- 4.4.3. The building
- 4.4.4. The district
- 4.4.5. The city or metropolis
- 4.5. Conclusion: solidarities must be reinvented in the era of connected energy autonomies
- 4.6. Acknowledgments
- 4.7. References
- PART 2: Urban Projects and Energy Systems
- 5. Critical Densities of Energy Self-sufficiency and Carbon Neutrality
- 5.1. Introduction
- 5.1.1. What can environmental measures be related to?
- 5.1.2. Critical densities and catchment areas
- 5.2. Energy consumption density
- 5.2.1. Differences regarding the 2,000 watts
- 5.2.2. 0.1 watts per square meter as average for mainland France
- 5.3. Renewable erergy Production density
- 5.3.1. Renewable energy production is Eulerian
- 5.3.2. Energy harvesting plans
- 5.3.3. Quantification of the production flow of a gegion
- 5.4. Self-sufficiency, convergence: 1-W regions
- 5.4.1. The 7 hectares, surface area per person in the world garden
- 5.4.2. The story of urban transition in cities
- 5.4.3. The fundamental equality of self-sufficiency
- 5.4.4. Some self-sufficiency paths according to density
- 5.5. Emission density and carbon neutrality
- 5.5.1. Post-COP21 and carbon neutrality
- 5.5.2. Equivalent emission densities
- 5.5.3. Carbon sequestration density
- 5.5.4. The fundamental equation of carbon neutrality
- 5.6. Conclusion
- 5.6.1. Continent-sea balance
- 5.6.2. The city-countryside dichotomy
- 5.6.3. The city, an energy-carbon monster
- 5.6.4. The mathematics of density, relocating according to the right productions
- 5.6.5. The scales in question
- 5.7. References
- 6. What Autonomy is Available in the Design of Energy Solutions within French Urban Development Projects? The Example of District Heating
- 6.1. Introduction
- 6.2. Urban heating within development projects: an opportunity for local monitoring of the energy system
- 6.2.1. Windows of opportunity for local players
- 6.2.2. Urban development and district heating projects still remain subject to numerous external constraints
- 6.3. The decision-based autonomy of urban heating projects from the perspective of urban development projects' technical management
- 6.3.1. Design of the supply infrastructure: a weakly structured coordination between design arenas
- 6.3.2. Coordination of supply and demand: an even more significant division
- 6.4. Conclusions and final thoughts
- 6.5. References
- 7. Positive Energy and Networks: Local Energy Autonomy as a Vector for Controlling Flows
- 7.1. Positive energy, autonomy and flow dynamics
- 7.2. The case of Lyon confluence and the Hikari block: a rhetoric of mutualization for achieving partial self-sufficiency
- 7.3. The "right" scale of autonomy and control over flows
- 7.4. From autonomy to flow management: who is in charge?
- 7.5. Conclusion
- 7.6. References
- 8. From Energy Self-sufficiency to Trans-scalar Energy
- 8.1. Self-sufficiency or sharing of the heat supply
- 8.1.1. Four examples of scale jumping that question self-sufficiency
- 8.1.2. Assess the strategic contribution of each operation to the networks
- 8.2. Redefining the goal of self-sufficiency
- 8.2.1. Using the cost-benefit analysis?
- 8.2.2. Using a new financial paradigm including the old one?
- 8.2.3. First achievement: 1,000 trees
- 8.2.4. From self-sufficiency to synergies
- 8.3. The improtance of strategic planning using project levers
- 8.3.1. Electricity networks redefine their mesh
- 8.3.2. Liège: valorizing the electrical infrastructures of the industrial valley
- 8.3.3. Mains gas seeks its revival
- 8.3.4. From data to planning: cities think about energy
- 8.4. Conclusion
- PART 3: Energy Communities
- 9. Sociotechnical Morphologies of Rural Energy Autonomy in Germany, Austria and France
- 9.1. Introduction
- 9.2. Technical choices and autonomy processes
- 9.3. Actors of local energy autonomy
- 9.4. Spatial and autonomy temporalities
- 9.4.1. Bringing the relevant techniques into existence
- 9.4.2. Social and geographical morphologies
- 9.4.3. The influence of regulatory and legislative frameworks
- 9.4.4. The role of energy policies and political structures
- 9.4.5. Pioneer towns: "was it easier before?"
- 9.5. From the construction to the transferability of "models" of autonomy: what impasses and issue are there?
- 9.6. References
- 10. Community Energy Projects Redefining Energy Distribution Systems: Examples from Berlin and Hamburg
- 10.1. Introduction
- 10.1.1. Rethinking networked infrastructures beyond "public versus private"
- 10.1.2. Citizens claiming networked infrastructures in Germany's largest cities
- 10.2. Situational analyses of urban energy system transformation
- 10.3. People have the power? Citizens claiming energy infrastructure grid: the case of BEB
- 10.3.1. (Re)negotiating infrastructures of decision-making on the power grid: the case of BEB
- 10.3.2. From protest to empowerment: civil society engagement in Hamburg's energy distribution systems
- 10.4. Discussion: reconfiguring the social in sociotechnical?
- 10.5. Conclusion
- 10.6. References
- 11. Autonomy and Energy Community: Realities to Reconsider?
- 11.1. Introduction
- 11.2. Mapping and genealogy of energy community approaches
- 11.2.1. Technological element: innovation at the heart of energy communities
- 11.2.2. The collective element: which communitie(s) favor energy issues?
- 11.2.3. Institutional element: framing and empowering communities
- 11.2.4. Discussion
- 11.3. Scope and limits of existing works
- 11.3.1. A high presence of instrumental and normative approaches
- 11.3.2. The singularity of English language "critical localism"
- 11.3.3. The locational nature of analytical frameworks
- 11.3.4. The minimalist and shifting contents for the notion of community
- 11.3.5. Discussion
- 11.4. Conclusion
- 11.5. References
- PART 4: The Challenges of Energy Autonomy
- 12. Regional Energy Self-sufficiency: a Legal Issue
- 12.1. Self-sufficiency analyzed through the prism of the territory
- 12.1.1. A reality far from clichés
- 12.1.2. Going beyond the productive aspect
- 12.2. Regional energy self-sufficiency: a legal issue
- 12.2.1. Municipalities that become legally self-sufficient
- 12.2.2. The energy self-sufficiency of municipalities: an organizational challenge
- 12.3. Conclusion
- 12.4. References
- 13. Electricity Autonomy and Power Grids in Africa: from Rural Experiments to Urban Hybridizations
- 13.1. Introduction
- 13.2. From the "crisis" to electrical experiments
- 13.2.1. Electric disasters and riots
- 13.2.2. Huge investment needs
- 13.2.3. Renewables and decentralized systems: a third way for subSaharan Africa?
- 13.3. Electrical hybridizations between pragmatic autonomy and new dependencies
- 13.3.1. Rural experiments....
- 13.3.2. ... and urban hybridizations
- 13.3.3. Off-grid under constraints
- 13.4. Conclusion
- 13.5. References
- 14. Energy Self-sufficiency: an Ambition or a Condition for Urban Resilience?
- 14.1. Introduction
- 14.2. A matter of definitions
- 14.3. Technical systems and resilience
- 14.4. Self-sufficiency and functional resilience
- 14.4.1. Functional resilience and system modeling
- 14.4.2. Can self-sufficiency be achieved by managing failures of technical systems?
- 14.5. Self-sufficiency and the meta-system: toward spatial resilience?
- 14.5.1. Meta population, meta-system and self-sufficiency
- 14.6. Conclusion
- 14.7. References
- 15. Urban Metabolic Self-sufficiency: an Oxymoron or a Challenge?
- 15.1. Introduction
- 15.2. Energy and matter: urban metabolism
- 15.3. The city and its hinterlands: the lack of physical autonomy
- 15.4. Decision-making self-sufficiency: a challange ?
- 15.5. Conclusion
- 15.6. References
- List of Authors
- Index
- Other titles from iSTE in Science, Society and New Technologies
- EULA
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