The First Galaxies in the Universe
1st Edition
Published on 15. January 2013
560 pages
978-1-4008-4560-6 (ISBN)
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Series
Edition
Course Book
Language
English
Place of publication
Princeton
United States
Publishing group
De Gruyter
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Edition type
Digital original
Illustrations
32 color illus. 24 halftones. 152 line illus. 6 tables.
File size
18,00 MB
ISBN-13
978-1-4008-4560-6 (9781400845606)
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
Additional editions
Abraham Loeb | Steven R. Furlanetto
The First Galaxies in the Universe
Book
01/2013
Princeton University Press
€202.50
Shipment within 10-20 days
Abraham Loeb | Steven R. Furlanetto
The First Galaxies in the Universe
Book
01/2013
Princeton University Press
€116.50
Shipment within 10-20 days
Persons
Abraham Loeb is Frank B. Baird, Jr. Professor of Science, chair of the Astronomy Department, and director of the Institute for Theory and Computation at Harvard University. Loeb is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is the author of How Did the First Stars and Galaxies Form? (Princeton). Steven R. Furlanetto is associate professor of physics and astronomy at the University of California, Los Angeles.
Content
Preface xi
PART I. FUNDAMENTALS OF STRUCTURE FORMATION 1
Chapter 1 Introduction and Cosmological Background 3
- 1.1 Preliminary Remarks 3
- 1.2 Standard Cosmological Model 5
- 1.3 Milestones in Cosmic Evolution 15
- 1.4 Most Matter Is Dark 20
Chapter 2 Linear Growth of Cosmological Perturbations 25
- 2.1 Growth of Linear Perturbations 25
- 2.2 The Thermal History during the Dark Ages 35
Chapter 3 Nonlinear Structure and Halo Formation 41
- 3.1 Spherical Collapse 41
- 3.2 Cosmological Jeans Mass 45
- 3.3 Halo Properties 51
- 3.4 Abundance of Dark Matter Halos 56
- 3.5 Halo Clustering in Linear Theory 65
- 3.6 The Nonlinear Power Spectra of Dark Matter and Galaxies 68
- 3.7 Numerical Simulations of Structure Formation 78
Chapter 4 The Intergalactic Medium 92
- 4.1 The Cosmic Web 92
- 4.2 Lyman-a Absorption in the Intergalactic Medium 95
- 4.3 Theoretical Models of the Lyman-a Forest 100
- 4.4 The Metagalactic Ionizing Background 114
- 4.5 The Helium-Ionizing Background 120
- 4.6 Metal-Line Systems 121
- 4.7 The Lyman-a Forest at z > 5 125
PART II. THE FIRST STRUCTURES 131
Chapter 5 The First Stars 133
- 5.1 From Virialized Halos to Protostars 136
- 5.2 From Protostars to Stars 144
- 5.3 The Second Generation of Stars: "Population III.2" 157
- 5.4 Properties of the First Stars 163
- 5.5 The End States of Population III Stars 168
- 5.6 Gamma-Ray Bursts: The Brightest Explosions 170
Chapter 6 Stellar Feedback and Galaxy Formation 174
- 6.1 The Ultraviolet Background and H2 Photodissociation 174
- 6.2 The X-ray Background: Positive Feedback 184
- 6.3 Radiative Feedback: Mechanical Effects 186
- 6.4 Galactic Superwinds and Mechanical Feedback 192
- 6.5 Metal Enrichment and the Transition to Population II Star Formation 201
- 6.6 The First Galaxies 211
Chapter 7 Supermassive Black Holes 217
- 7.1 Quasars and Black Holes: An Overview 217
- 7.2 Basic Principles of Astrophysical Black Holes 222
- 7.3 Accretion of Gas onto Black Holes 225
- 7.4 The First Black Holes and Quasars 232
- 7.5 Black Holes and Galaxies 237
- 7.6 Black Hole Binaries 244
- 7.7 Gravitational Waves from Black Hole Mergers 247
Chapter 8 Physics of Galaxy Evolution 251
- 8.1 High-Redshift Galaxies 251
- 8.2 Gas Accretion 253
- 8.3 Halo Mergers 255
- 8.4 Disk Formation 256
- 8.5 Star Formation in Galaxies 258
- 8.6 Black Hole Growth in Galaxies 263
- 8.7 Feedback and Galaxy Evolution 264
- 8.8 From Galaxy Model to Stellar Spectra 266
- 8.9 Signatures of the Interstellar Medium 269
- 8.10 Gravitational Lensing 275
Chapter 9 The Reionization of Intergalactic Hydrogen 283
- 9.1 Propagation of Ionization Fronts 283
- 9.2 Global Ionization History 288
- 9.3 The Phases of Hydrogen Reionization 291
- 9.4 The Morphology of Reionization 293
- 9.5 Recombinations inside Ionized Regions 302
- 9.6 Simulations of Reionization 308
- 9.7 Statistical Properties of the Ionization Field 315
- 9.8 Reionization by Quasars and Other Exotic Sources 319
- 9.9 Feedback from Reionization: Photoheating 326
PART III. OBSERVATIONS OF THE COSMIC DAWN 335
Chapter 10 Surveys of High-Redshift Galaxies 337
- 10.1 Telescopes for Observing High-Redshift Galaxies 337
- 10.2 Methods for Identifying High-Redshift Galaxies 340
- 10.3 Luminosity and Mass Functions 350
- 10.4 The Statistics of Galaxy Surveys 357
Chapter 11 The Lyman-a Line as a Probe of the Early Universe 367
- 11.1 Lyman-a Emission from Galaxies 367
- 11.2 The Gunn-Peterson Trough 375
- 11.3 IGM Scattering in the Blue Wing of the Lyman-a Line 376
- 11.4 The Red Damping Wing 382
- 11.5 The Lyman-a Forest as a Probe of the Reionization Topology 388
- 11.6 Lyman-a halos around Distant Sources 390
- 11.7 Lyman-a Emitters during the Reionization Era 396
Chapter 12 The 21-cm Line 408
- 12.1 Radiative Transfer of the 21-cm Line 410
- 12.2 The Spin Temperature 412
- 12.3 The Brightness Temperature of the Spin-Flip Background 420
- 12.4 The Monopole of the Brightness Temperature 428
- 12.5 Statistical Fluctuations in the Spin-Flip Background 432
- 12.6 Spin-Flip Fluctuations during the Cosmic Dawn 439
- 12.7 Mapping the Spin-Flip Background 446
Chapter 13 Other Probes of the First Galaxies 459
- 13.1 Secondary Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies from the Cosmic Dawn 459
- 13.2 Diffuse Backgrounds from the Cosmic Dawn 470
- 13.3 The Cross-Correlation of Different Probes 484
- 13.4 The Fossil Record of the Local Group 488
Appendix A Useful Numbers 495
Appendix B Cosmological Parameters 497
Notes 499
Further Reading 509
Index 513
PART I. FUNDAMENTALS OF STRUCTURE FORMATION 1
Chapter 1 Introduction and Cosmological Background 3
- 1.1 Preliminary Remarks 3
- 1.2 Standard Cosmological Model 5
- 1.3 Milestones in Cosmic Evolution 15
- 1.4 Most Matter Is Dark 20
Chapter 2 Linear Growth of Cosmological Perturbations 25
- 2.1 Growth of Linear Perturbations 25
- 2.2 The Thermal History during the Dark Ages 35
Chapter 3 Nonlinear Structure and Halo Formation 41
- 3.1 Spherical Collapse 41
- 3.2 Cosmological Jeans Mass 45
- 3.3 Halo Properties 51
- 3.4 Abundance of Dark Matter Halos 56
- 3.5 Halo Clustering in Linear Theory 65
- 3.6 The Nonlinear Power Spectra of Dark Matter and Galaxies 68
- 3.7 Numerical Simulations of Structure Formation 78
Chapter 4 The Intergalactic Medium 92
- 4.1 The Cosmic Web 92
- 4.2 Lyman-a Absorption in the Intergalactic Medium 95
- 4.3 Theoretical Models of the Lyman-a Forest 100
- 4.4 The Metagalactic Ionizing Background 114
- 4.5 The Helium-Ionizing Background 120
- 4.6 Metal-Line Systems 121
- 4.7 The Lyman-a Forest at z > 5 125
PART II. THE FIRST STRUCTURES 131
Chapter 5 The First Stars 133
- 5.1 From Virialized Halos to Protostars 136
- 5.2 From Protostars to Stars 144
- 5.3 The Second Generation of Stars: "Population III.2" 157
- 5.4 Properties of the First Stars 163
- 5.5 The End States of Population III Stars 168
- 5.6 Gamma-Ray Bursts: The Brightest Explosions 170
Chapter 6 Stellar Feedback and Galaxy Formation 174
- 6.1 The Ultraviolet Background and H2 Photodissociation 174
- 6.2 The X-ray Background: Positive Feedback 184
- 6.3 Radiative Feedback: Mechanical Effects 186
- 6.4 Galactic Superwinds and Mechanical Feedback 192
- 6.5 Metal Enrichment and the Transition to Population II Star Formation 201
- 6.6 The First Galaxies 211
Chapter 7 Supermassive Black Holes 217
- 7.1 Quasars and Black Holes: An Overview 217
- 7.2 Basic Principles of Astrophysical Black Holes 222
- 7.3 Accretion of Gas onto Black Holes 225
- 7.4 The First Black Holes and Quasars 232
- 7.5 Black Holes and Galaxies 237
- 7.6 Black Hole Binaries 244
- 7.7 Gravitational Waves from Black Hole Mergers 247
Chapter 8 Physics of Galaxy Evolution 251
- 8.1 High-Redshift Galaxies 251
- 8.2 Gas Accretion 253
- 8.3 Halo Mergers 255
- 8.4 Disk Formation 256
- 8.5 Star Formation in Galaxies 258
- 8.6 Black Hole Growth in Galaxies 263
- 8.7 Feedback and Galaxy Evolution 264
- 8.8 From Galaxy Model to Stellar Spectra 266
- 8.9 Signatures of the Interstellar Medium 269
- 8.10 Gravitational Lensing 275
Chapter 9 The Reionization of Intergalactic Hydrogen 283
- 9.1 Propagation of Ionization Fronts 283
- 9.2 Global Ionization History 288
- 9.3 The Phases of Hydrogen Reionization 291
- 9.4 The Morphology of Reionization 293
- 9.5 Recombinations inside Ionized Regions 302
- 9.6 Simulations of Reionization 308
- 9.7 Statistical Properties of the Ionization Field 315
- 9.8 Reionization by Quasars and Other Exotic Sources 319
- 9.9 Feedback from Reionization: Photoheating 326
PART III. OBSERVATIONS OF THE COSMIC DAWN 335
Chapter 10 Surveys of High-Redshift Galaxies 337
- 10.1 Telescopes for Observing High-Redshift Galaxies 337
- 10.2 Methods for Identifying High-Redshift Galaxies 340
- 10.3 Luminosity and Mass Functions 350
- 10.4 The Statistics of Galaxy Surveys 357
Chapter 11 The Lyman-a Line as a Probe of the Early Universe 367
- 11.1 Lyman-a Emission from Galaxies 367
- 11.2 The Gunn-Peterson Trough 375
- 11.3 IGM Scattering in the Blue Wing of the Lyman-a Line 376
- 11.4 The Red Damping Wing 382
- 11.5 The Lyman-a Forest as a Probe of the Reionization Topology 388
- 11.6 Lyman-a halos around Distant Sources 390
- 11.7 Lyman-a Emitters during the Reionization Era 396
Chapter 12 The 21-cm Line 408
- 12.1 Radiative Transfer of the 21-cm Line 410
- 12.2 The Spin Temperature 412
- 12.3 The Brightness Temperature of the Spin-Flip Background 420
- 12.4 The Monopole of the Brightness Temperature 428
- 12.5 Statistical Fluctuations in the Spin-Flip Background 432
- 12.6 Spin-Flip Fluctuations during the Cosmic Dawn 439
- 12.7 Mapping the Spin-Flip Background 446
Chapter 13 Other Probes of the First Galaxies 459
- 13.1 Secondary Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies from the Cosmic Dawn 459
- 13.2 Diffuse Backgrounds from the Cosmic Dawn 470
- 13.3 The Cross-Correlation of Different Probes 484
- 13.4 The Fossil Record of the Local Group 488
Appendix A Useful Numbers 495
Appendix B Cosmological Parameters 497
Notes 499
Further Reading 509
Index 513
