
DNS on Windows Server 2003
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Content
- Intro
- Table of Contents
- Preface
- Versions
- What's New in This Edition
- Organization
- Audience
- Obtaining the Example Programs
- Viewing Microsoft Knowledge Base Articles
- Conventions Used in This Book
- Using Code Examples
- How to Contact Us
- Quotations
- Acknowledgments
- Background
- A (Very) Brief History of the Internet
- On the Internet and Internets
- The History of the Domain Name System
- The Domain Name System in a Nutshell
- The History of the Microsoft DNS Server
- Must I Use DNS?
- If You're Connected to the Internet . . .
- If You Have Your Own TCP/IP-Based Internet . . .
- If You Have Your Own Local Area Network or Site Network . . .
- How Does DNS Work?
- The Domain Namespace
- Domain Names
- Domains
- Resource Records
- The Internet Domain Namespace
- Top-Level Domains
- Country-code top-level domains
- New top-level domains
- Further Down
- Reading Domain Names
- Delegation
- Name Servers and Zones
- Delegating Subdomains
- Types of Name Servers
- Datafiles
- Resolvers
- Resolution
- Root Name Servers
- Recursion
- Iteration
- Choosing Between Authoritative Name Servers
- The Whole Enchilada
- Mapping Addresses to Names
- Caching
- Time to Live
- Where Do I Start?
- Which Name Server?
- Getting the DNS Server
- Handy Mailing Lists and Usenet Newsgroups
- Finding IP Addresses
- Choosing a Domain Name
- On Registrars and Registries
- Where in the World Do I Fit?
- whois
- Back in the U.S.A.
- The generic top-level domains
- Choosing a registrar
- Checking That Your Network Is Registered
- Registering Your Zones
- Setting Up the Microsoft DNS Server
- Our Zone
- Installing the Microsoft DNS Server
- Active Directory
- The DNS Console
- Setting Up DNS Data
- Adding a New Server to the DNS Console
- Creating a New Zone
- The SOA record
- The NS record
- The A record
- Creating a New Reverse-Mapping Zone
- Adding Resource Records
- Aliases
- One more note about PTR records
- Where Is All This Information Stored?
- The Zone Datafiles
- Contents of movie.edu.dns
- Contents of 249.249.192.in-addr.arpa.dns
- Contents of 253.253.192.in-addr.arpa.dns
- Zone Datafile Format
- Appending domains
- @ notation
- Repeat last name
- The Loopback Address
- The Root Hints Data
- Running a Primary Master Name Server
- Starting and Stopping the DNS Server
- Check the Event Log for Messages and Errors
- Testing Your Setup with nslookup
- Look up a local name
- Look up a local address
- Look up a remote name
- One more test
- Running a Secondary Name Server
- Add a New Server to the DNS Console
- Create a New Zone
- Add an NS Record for the New Secondary Name Server
- Don't Forget the in-addr.arpa Zones!
- SOA Values
- Adding More Zones
- DNS Properties
- Resource Record Properties
- Zone Properties
- Server Properties
- What Next?
- DNS and Electronic Mail
- MX Records
- Adding MX Records with the DNS Console
- What's a Mail Exchanger, Again?
- The MX Algorithm
- DNS and Exchange
- Configuring Hosts
- The Resolver
- Resolver Configuration
- DNS Suffix
- Search List
- Setting the search list manually
- Name Servers to Query
- Query behavior
- Advanced Resolver Features
- Caching
- Subnet Prioritization
- Other Windows Resolvers
- Windows 95
- Windows 98
- Windows NT 4.0
- Sample Resolver Configurations
- Remote Name Server
- Local Name Server
- Maintaining the Microsoft DNS Server
- What About Signals?
- Logging
- Updating Zone Data
- Adding and Deleting Resource Records by Hand
- SOA Serial Numbers
- Additional Records
- General text information
- Responsible Person
- Keeping cache.dns Current
- Zone Datafile Controls
- Changing the Origin in a Datafile
- Including Other Datafiles
- Keeping Everything Running Smoothly
- Common Event Log Messages
- Understanding Name Server Statistics
- Aging and Scavenging
- Configuring Aging and Scavenging
- When Scavenging Occurs
- Other Notes on Aging and Scavenging
- Integrating with Active Directory
- Active Directory Domains
- Domains, Domain Trees, and Forests
- Domain Models
- Three Options for the Root Domain Name
- Same name as an existing DNS domain
- Subdomain of an existing DNS domain
- Disjoint or private name
- Storing Zones in Active Directory
- The Impact on Replication
- Using Application Partitions
- Securing Dynamic Updates
- DNS as a Service Location Broker
- The SRV Resource Record
- DC Locator
- Resource Records Used by Active Directory
- Growing Your Domain
- How Many Name Servers?
- Where Do I Put My Name Servers?
- Capacity Planning
- Adding More Name Servers
- Active Directory Integration
- Secondary Servers
- Caching-Only Servers
- Partial-Secondary Servers
- Registering Name Servers
- Changing TTLs
- Changing Other SOA Values
- Planning for Disasters
- Outages
- Recommendations
- Coping with Disaster
- Long Outages (Days)
- Really Long Outages (Weeks)
- Parenting
- When to Become a Parent
- How Many Children?
- What to Name Your Children
- How to Become a Parent: Creating Subdomains
- Creating a Subdomain in the Parent's Zone
- Creating and Delegating a Subdomain
- An fx.movie.edu secondary
- On the movie.edu primary master name server
- Delegating an in-addr.arpa zone
- Adding a movie.edu secondary
- Subdomains of in-addr.arpa Domains
- Subnetting on an Octet Boundary
- Subnetting on a Nonoctet Boundary
- Class A and B networks
- /24 (Class C-sized) networks
- Good Parenting
- Using DNSLint
- Managing Delegation
- Managing delegation with stubs
- Managing the Transition to Subdomains
- Removing Parent Aliases
- The Life of a Parent
- Advanced Features and Security
- New Ways to Make Changes
- Dynamic Update
- NOTIFY (Zone Change Notification)
- Incremental Zone Transfer
- More Efficient Zone Transfers
- WINS Linkage
- Configuring WINS Lookup
- Using WINS Lookup and WINS Reverse Lookup
- Building Up a Large, Sitewide Cache with Forwarders
- A More Restricted Forwarding Name Server
- Load Sharing Between Mirrored Servers
- The ABCs of IPv6 Addressing
- IPv6 Forward and Reverse Mapping
- Securing Your Name Server
- Preventing Unauthorized Zone Transfers
- Disabling Recursion on Delegated Name Servers
- nslookup and dig
- Is nslookup a Good Tool?
- Multiple Servers
- Timeouts
- The Search List
- Zone Transfers
- Using NetBIOS Names
- Interactive Versus Noninteractive
- Option Settings
- Avoiding the Search List
- Common Tasks
- Looking Up Different Data Types
- Authoritative Versus Nonauthoritative Answers
- Switching Servers
- Less Common Tasks
- Seeing the Query and Response Messages
- Querying Like a Name Server
- Zone Transfers
- Troubleshooting nslookup Problems
- Looking Up the Right Data
- No PTR Data for Name Server's Address
- Timeouts
- Query Refused
- Best of the Net
- Using dig
- dig's Output Format
- Zone Transfers with dig
- dig Options
- Managing DNS from the Command Line
- Installing the DNS Server
- Stopping and Starting the DNS Server Service
- Managing the DNS Server Configuration
- dnscmd Server Commands
- dnscmd Zone Commands
- dnscmd Application Partition Commands
- dnscmd Resource Record Commands
- An Installation and Configuration Batch Script
- Other Command-Line Utilities
- nslookup
- ipconfig
- netdiag
- dcdiag
- DNSLint
- dnsdiag
- Managing DNS Programmatically
- WMI and the DNS Provider
- Quick Overview
- WMI Scripting with VBScript and Perl
- Referencing an Object
- Enumerating Objects of a Particular Class
- Searching with WQL
- Authentication with WMI
- Server Classes
- Listing a Name Server's Properties
- Configuring a Name Server
- Restarting the DNS Server Service
- Putting It Together: Configuration Check Script
- Monitoring Server Performance
- Zone Classes
- Creating a Zone
- Configuring a Zone
- Listing the Zones on a Server
- Resource Record Classes
- Finding Resource Records in a Zone
- Creating Resource Records
- Troubleshooting DNS
- Is DNS Really Your Problem?
- Checking the Cache
- Using DNSLint
- Potential Problem List
- 1. Forget to Increment Serial Number
- 2. Forget to Restart Primary Master Server
- 3. Name Server Loses Manual Changes
- 4. Secondary Server Can't Load Zone Data
- 5. Add Address to Zone, but Forget to Add Corresponding PTR Record
- 6. Wrong Domain Name in RDATA of Record
- 7. Loss of Network Connectivity
- 8. Missing Subdomain Delegation
- 9. Incorrect Subdomain Delegation
- Interoperability Problems
- The WINS and WINS-R Records
- BIND Secondaries for Active Directory-Integrated Zones
- Problem Symptoms
- Can't Look Up Local Name
- Can't Look Up Remote Names
- Wrong or Inconsistent Answer
- Lookups Take a Long Time
- Miscellaneous
- Using CNAME Records
- CNAMEs Attached to Interior Nodes
- CNAMEs Pointing to CNAMEs
- CNAMEs in the Resource Record Data
- Looking Up CNAMEs
- Finding Out a Host's Aliases
- Wildcards
- A Limitation of MX Records
- DNS and Internet Firewalls
- Types of Firewall Software
- Packet filters
- Application gateways
- A Bad Example
- Internet Forwarders
- The trouble with forwarding
- Using stub zones
- Internal Roots
- Where to put internal root name servers
- Forward-mapping delegation
- in-addr.arpa delegation
- The root.dns file
- Configuring other internal name servers
- How internal name servers use internal roots
- The trouble with internal roots
- A Split Namespace
- Configuring the bastion host
- Dial-up Connections
- Simple Dial-up
- Dial-on-Demand
- DNS Message Format and Resource Records
- Master File Format
- Time to Live
- Character Case
- Types
- A (address)
- CNAME (canonical name)
- MX (mail exchanger)
- NS (name server)
- PTR (pointer)
- SOA (start of authority)
- TXT (text)
- New Types from RFC 1183
- RP (Responsible Person-experimental)
- New Types from RFC 1886
- AAAA (IPv6 Address)
- New Types from RFC 2052
- SRV (service location)
- Classes
- DNS Messages
- Message Format
- Header Section Format
- Question Section Format
- QCLASS values
- QTYPE values
- Answer, Authority, and Additional Section Format
- Data Transmission Order
- Resource Record Data
- Data Format
- Domain name
- Message compression
- Character string
- Converting from BIND to the Microsoft DNS Server
- Step 1: Change the DNS Server Startup Method to File
- Step 2: Stop the Microsoft DNS Server
- Step 3: Change the Zone Datafile Naming Convention
- Step 4: Copy the Files
- Step 5: Get a New Root Name Server Cache File
- Step 6: Restart the DNS Server
- Step 7: Change the DNS Server Startup Method to Registry
- Top-Level Domains
- Index
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