Discourse and Perspective in Cognitive Linguistics

Name: Discourse and Perspective in Cognitive Linguistics
Brand: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Price: 136.99 EUR
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Wolf-Andreas Liebert Gisela Redeker Linda R. Waugh(Editor)

John Benjamins Publishing Company

1st Edition

Published on 31. December 1997

XIV, 270 pages

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DISCOURSE AND PERSPECTIVE IN COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS
Editorial page
Title page
Copyright page
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Cognition, Perspective, and Modality in Discourse
Metaphors and Metonymy in Discourse
Correlates of Discourse Structure
I. COGNITION, PERSPECTIVE, ANDMODALITY IN DISCOURSE
Form-Use Mappings for Tag Questions
1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Framework: Grammaticalization Theory
3. The Characteristics of Tag Questions
3.1. Intonational and syntactic characteristics
3.2. Pragmatic characteristics
4. A Cross-Linguistic Typology of Tag Questions
4.1. English
4.2. German
4.3. Romance languages
5. Grammaticalization in Tag Questions
6. Form-use Mappings for Tag-Questions
7. Conclusion
Endnotes
References
The Social Dimension of a Cognitive Grammar
0. Introduction
1. The Grounding Dynamics of Cognitive Theories of Language
2. Interpellation
3. An Overview of Cognitive Grammar
4. Toward a Socio-Cognitive Theory of Reference
5. Conclusions
References
Data sources
Even, sae/sura/mo as Constraints on Contextual Assumptions
1. Introduction
1.1. Even: 'procedure' and 'non-truth-conditional'
1.2. Some problems with previous analyses of even
1.3. Some theoretical problems
1.3.1. Where do scales come from ?
1.3.2. Problems with 'informativeness'
2. A Relevance-Theoretic Account of even/sae/sura/mo
2.1. Even as a constraint on contextual assumptions
2.1.2. Japanese particles: sae/sura/mo
2.2. Cognitive differences between even, sae/sura/mo
2.2.1. English particle: even
2.2.2. Japanese particles: sae/sura/mo
2.3. Even, sae/sura/mo and constraints on implicatures, and parallel processing
2.3.1. English particle: even
2.3.1.1. Parallel confirmation
2.3.1.2. Parallel premises
2.3.1.3. Backwards confirmation
2.3.1.4. Backwards contradiction
2.3.2. Japanese particles: sae/sura/mo
3. Some Problems
3.1. Problems with even
3.1.1. Examples like (3) and (5)
3.1.2. Case with more then one even
3.1.3. Other uses of even
3.1.4. Focus and relevance
3.1.4.1. Even and variables
3.1.4.2. Even and contextual assumptions
3.1.5. Processing effort and implicit even
3.2. Problems
3.2.1. Sae/sura and negation
3.2.2. Sae/sura and sufficient conditions
3.2.3. Sae/sura/mo and pseudo-imperatives
3.2.4. Direction of processing and two particles sae, mo
3.3. Others: te+molde+mo ni/+mo/no+mo/to+mo/made+mo
4. Conclusion
Endnotes
References
Semantic Content and Depth of Intention: A Study in Cognitive Semantics
1. Introduction
1.1. Depth of intention
1.2. Agreement and disagreement
1.3. Semantic uncertainty and situation-relative equivalence of cognitive content
1.4. Terminology and definitions
2. The Experiment
2.1. Annotated analysis of an excerpt
2.2. A network analysis of the excerpt
3. Discussion and Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Endnotes
References
Perspective, Subjectivity, and Modality from a Cognitive Linguistic Point of View
1. Introduction
2. Cognitive Representation of Subjectivity and Perspective in Discourse
2.1. Perspectivization
2.2. Subjectification
2.3. Cognitive representation of perspective and subjectification in terms of discourse domains
3. Modality and Subjectivity
3.1. Perspectivization and subjectification in deontic and epistemic modality
3.2. Subjectivity in deontic modals
3.3. Subjectivity in epistemic modals
4. Conclusions
Endnotes
References
II. METAPHORS AND METONYMY IN DISCOURSE
A Few Metaphorical Models in (Western) Economic Discourse
1. Introduction: Metaphor in Cognitive Semantics
2. Focus and Sample
3. The PATH Metaphor
4. The HEALTH Metaphor
5. The WAR Metaphor
6. Frequencies and Contrastive Observations
7. Conclusions and Perspectives
References
The Spatialization of Judgment
1. Introduction
(1) Intellectual & Conversational Travel Through Terrain (Salmond 1982
Sweetser 1992)
Intellectual States
Relationships Between Thinker & Thoughts
2. Distance in Metaphors of Judgment
2.1. Propositional Distance: Distance of a proposition from the truth
2.2. Personal Distance: Distance of a thinker from the subject matter
3. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Endnotes
References
Stop Making Sense! Metaphor and Perspective in Creative Thinking Sessions of Scientists and Scientific Radio Broadcasts
1. Introduction
2. Theoretical framework
2.1. Problemsolving and analogical reasoning
2.2. Perspective, turn-taking and aspect use
2.3. Shared knowledge and metaphor
2.4. Basic discourse patterns of metaphorical reasoning in verbal interaction
2.4.1. Pragmatic operations: initiative and response
Introduction of a metaphor
Re-introduction of a metaphor
Taking up a metaphor
Ignoring a metaphor
2.4.2. Semantic operations: expansion and adaptation
The expansion operations
The adaptation operations
2.4.3. Metaphor models in verbal interaction - units of pragmatic and semantic operations
3. Case Studies of Metaphorical Reasoning in Verbal Interaction
3.1. Strategies of data acquisition of metaphorical reasoning
3.2. The structure of the case studies
First section: previously introduced metaphor models
Second section: transcript in German
Third section: English translation
Fourth section: linguistic analysis
3.3. Metaphorical reasoning in science (case studies 1-3)
3.3.1. Research in context
3.3.2. Case study 1: Incorrect proteins - to repeat a grade or to be discarded in the garbage bin
3.3.2. Case study 2: Talking raft or tube roller factory - how viral proteins find each other in the cell
3.3.3. Case study 3: The infected cell - an infiltrated company
3.4. Metaphorical reasoning in scientific journalism (case studies 4-5)
3.4.1. Metaphorical reasoning in a live radio interview
3.4.1.1. Case study 4: Settle down - The pickaxes and shovels of the black fungi
3.4.2. Artificial metaphorical reasoning in a radio feature
3.4.2.1. Case study 5: Stop making sense! - on textual medicine
4. Conclusion
Endnotes
References
Conceptual Blending on the Information Highway: How Metaphorical Inferences Work
1. Introduction: CYBERSPACE and the CYBERFUTURE
2. The Difference between CYBERSPACE and the CYBER-FUTURE
3. Mapping the INFORMATION HIGHWAY
4. Metaphorical Reasoning and Social Policy: How Metaphorical Inferences Work
5. Conceptual Blending on the Information Highway: Gore's Vision of the Cyberfuture
6. Policing the Infobahn: Cybercrime from Software Piracy to Criminal Bureaucrats
7. Conclusion
References
Speech Act Metonymies
1. Introduction
2. The Action Scenario
3. The Metonymie Function of the BEFORE Component in Directives
You can VP
Can you VP
Can I VP
I want (NP) to VP/I want NP
4. A Taxonomy of Metonymies
4.1. Types of speech act metonymies
4.1.1. The BEFORE component for whole scenario
Ability to perform an action for a linguistic action
Wish of H that S perform an action for a linguistic action
4.1.2. The COKE/RESULT component for whole scenano
Obligation to perform an action for a linguistic action
4.1.3. The AFTER component for whole scenario
A future action for a linguistic action
4.2. Some general metonymies
4.2.1. Necessity for motivation
4.2.2. Potentiality for motivation
Ability for motivation
4.2.3. Potentiality for actuality
Ability for present/future action
Disposition for perception/feeling/mental activity
Motivation/reason for action
4.2.4. Effect for cause
Result for action
4.2.5. Form for content
5. Conclusion
Endnotes
References
III. CORRELATES OF DISCOURSE STRUCTURE
Focus Movements and the Internal Images of Spoken Discourse
1. Introduction
2. Focus of Attention and Intonation Units
3· Analyses of two Discourse Passages
4. First Analysis: Focus Movements over an Abstract Drawing
5. Focus Movements
6. Linguistic Markers for Transitions between Attention Focuses
7. Second Analysis: Focus Movements and the Reconstruction of the Listener's Internal Image
7.1. Intonation unit (1)
7.2. Intonation units (2)-(9)
8. Discussion
Appendix I
Appendix II
References
Pauses, Cognitive Rhythms and Discourse Structure: An Empirical Study of Discourse Production
1. Introduction
2. Cognitive Rhythms in Monologues
3. PISA and the Hierarchical Structure of Discourse
3.1. PISA: A procedural account of hierarchical structure
3.2. From clauses to tree structure
3.3. The cognitive interpretation of PISA-structures
4. Structure and Processing Characteristics in Discourse Production
4.1. The hierarchical structure of judicial letters
4.2. Pause patterns and hierarchical structure
4.3. An experiment
5. Conclusion
Appendix
Acknowledgements
Notes
References
SUBJECT INDEX
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